Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.1 (S1 nuclease)
 3,660 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pyrimidine/purine-biased region located upstream of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor gene transcription initiation sites was sensitive to S1 nuclease when under superhelical tension. The structural basis of this specific reactivity to S1 nuclease was probed by the use of diethyl pyrocarbonate. The patterns of modification suggested that the H-form proposed by Mirkin, Lyamichev, Drushlyak, Dobrynin, Filippov & Frank-Kamenetskii [Nature (London) (1987) 330, 495-497], which includes an intramolecular triplex and a single-stranded region, was the most plausible model for the sequence tested. The results of dimethyl sulphate modification also supported this model.
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PMID:The pyrimidine/purine-biased region of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene is sensitive to S1 nuclease and may form an intramolecular triplex. 234 56

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a recently identified, potent smooth muscle cell mitogen of macrophage origin. It is expressed in a highly regulated fashion in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, indicating a potentially important role for this gene in atherosclerosis. In addition, the HB-EGF precursor has recently been found to function as a receptor for diphtheria toxin. Using an HB-EGF cDNA probe, we cloned the human gene encoding HB-EGF. The HB-EGF gene contains six exons and five intervening sequences spanning 14 kb of DNA. By primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis, we located a major transcription start site (corresponding to an A residue) 14 bp beyond the 5' end of the HB-EGF cDNA. There were no TATAAA or CCAAT consensus sequences upstream of the transcription start site. The density of primer extension bands generated by RNA from endothelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was 10 times higher than that of bands generated by the control, indicating that TNF-alpha increased the level of HB-EGF mRNA. Using transient reporter gene transfection experiments, we show that 2.0 kb of HB-EGF 5'-flanking sequence has promoter activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells. By analysis of DNA isolated from human-mouse somatic hybrid cell lines, we assign the HB-EGF gene to chromosome 5. By functional study, chromosome 5 has been associated with diphtheria toxin susceptibility.
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PMID:Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding the human heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor/diphtheria toxin receptor. 834 98

This study reports the structure and expression rates of genes of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) signal transduction pathway (TGF-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor [EGF-R], jun, myc, and metallothionein [MT]) in 47 specimens of ovarian cancer and 21 nonmalignant tissues. The objective was to establish a direct correlation between the genetic activities and the malignant phenotype of the ovarian cancer. The Southern blot technique identified four samples with myc amplification and two with rearranged EGF-R genes. By using the S1 nuclease assay, the analysis of myc transcription showed a similar use of both promotors. Although the size of the investigated transcripts was unaltered, significant differences in the transcription rates were noticed in malignant tissue probes (using northern blot analysis and RNAase protection assay). The following results of messenger RNA analysis in ovarian cancer were observed: EGF-R, negative in 25%, low in 65%, and strongly positive in 10%; TGF-alpha, negative in 34%, low in 36%, and strongly positive in 30%; myc, negative in 8%, low in 64%, and strongly positive in 28%; jun, negative in 4%, low in 58%, and strong in 38%; and MT, low in 80% and strongly positive in 20%. In most nonmalignant tissues studied, no or only a low expression of TGF-alpha, EGF-R, and myc. was found. A comparison of these messenger RNA results with the clinical data from tumors showed four different subgroups of ovarian carcinomas. The results of chemotherapy were known in 32 cases. Tumors with negative or low expression rates of all investigated genes did not respond to chemotherapy; 13 of 18 tumors with high expression rates did respond. Additional signal transduction chains distinct from the TGF-alpha pathway, however, are likely to influence both the expression and activity of transcription factors and MT.
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PMID:Gene structure and expression analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, myc, jun, and metallothionein in human ovarian carcinomas. Classification of malignant phenotypes. 842 34