Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.30.1 (S1 nuclease)
 3,660 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biogenesis of long chain fatty acids. The phosphorylation of the Ser-1200 residue by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase transforms ACC from a citrate-independent form to a citrate-dependent form (10, 16). We have isolated ACC cDNA clones with and without 24 bases which code for 8 additional amino acids located 4 residues upstream to the Ser-1200. The presence of the 8 extra amino acids inhibits the in vitro phosphorylation of the Ser-1200 by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The S1 nuclease protection experiments indicate that the corresponding two ACC mRNA species occur in vivo. Furthermore, the occurrence of the two forms of ACC mRNA is regulated under different physiological conditions for lipogenesis in a tissue-specific manner. The existence of two forms of ACC mRNA provides the basis for the existence of isozymes of ACC whose Ser-1200 can be selectively phosphorylated. The location of this regulatory sequence for a specific phosphorylation site represents a new regulatory mechanism for protein phosphorylation.
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PMID:Acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA species with or without inhibitory coding sequence for Ser-1200 phosphorylation. 197 51

The 79 kD gonadotropin-regulated testicular long chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene (GR-LACS) is a hormone-regulated member of the acyl-CoA synthetase family that is expressed abundantly in Leydig cells and to a lesser extent in germinal cells of the adult testis. GR-LACS possesses an ATP/AMP binding domain and the fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FACS) signature motif. To gain insights into the transcriptional regulation of GR-LACS in gonadal cells, we determined the genomic organization of the gene, including the upstream flanking sequences. The mouse GR-LACS gene spans over at least 45 kb and the coding region is encoded by exons 1-14. All exon-intron junction sites correspond to the consensus splice sequence GT-AG. Exon 7 and 11 comprise the conserved ATP/AMP binding domain and the FACS signature motif, respectively. Primer extension and S1 nuclease analyses demonstrated four transcriptional start sites located at -266/-216 bp 5' to the ATG codon. The minimal promoter domain resides within -254/-217 bp 5' to ATG codon, and upstream sequences to -404 bp (-1035/-405 bp) contribute to the inhibition of transcription in the expressing mouse Leydig tumor cells. Removal of -217/-1 bp, containing a 23 nt GC rich sequence (-112/-90) with an Sp1/Sp3 binding element, within the 1st exon of this TATA-less promoter, significantly reduced GR-LACS gene transcription. Transcriptional activity was abolished by a 2 nt mutation of this element. Thus, functional analyses of this promoter domain indicate that transcription of GR-LACS gene requires an Sp1/Sp3 binding element downstream of the transcriptional start sites which is essential for basal promoter activity.
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PMID:The gonadotropin-regulated long-chain acyl CoA synthetase gene: a novel downstream Sp1/Sp3 binding element critical for transcriptional promoter activity. 1612 41