Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
 3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The three Golgi fractions isolated from rat liver homogenates by the procedure given in the companion paper account for 6-7% of the protein of the total microsomal fraction used as starting preparation. The lightest, most homogeneous Golgi fraction (GF(1)) lacks typical "microsomal" activities, e.g., glucose-6-phosphatase, NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase, and cytochrome P-450. The heaviest, most heterogeneous fraction (GF(3)) is contaminated by endoplasmic reticulum membranes to the extent of approximately 15% of its protein. The three fractions taken together account for nearly all the UDP-galactose: N-acetyl-glucosamine galactosyltransferase of the parent microsomal fraction, and for approximately 70% of the activity of the original homogenate. Omission of the ethanol treatment of the animals reduces the recovery by half. The transferase activity is associated with the membranes of the Golgi elements, not with their content. Galactose is transferred not only to N-acetyl-glucosamine but also to an unidentified lipid-soluble component.
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PMID:Golgi fractions prepared from rat liver homogenates. II. Biochemical characterization. 435 72

Enzyme histochemical methods were performed on sporozoite infected liver tissue of rats in order to gain insight into the nutrition and metabolism of exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium berghei. The following enzymes were demonstrated in the hepatocytic stages of the parasites, obtained 41 and 48 h after inoculation of sporozoites: acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, NADH-tetrazolium reductase, succinate dehydrogenase, NAD+ and NADP+ dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and alpha-glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase. The results suggest that a conventional Embden-Meyerhoff pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and Krebs' citric acid cycle may in part be present in these exoerythrocytic parasites. Alkaline phosphatase, nucleoside polyphosphatase, 5' nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, alpha-glucan phosphorylase, NAD+ dependent malate dehydrogenase, amino-peptidase M and non-specific esterases were not detected by our techniques in the parasite. The enzyme distribution of this intrahepatocytic malaria parasite revealed by histochemistry is compared with the enzyme distribution in the other phases of the parasite's life cycle.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on the exoerythrocytic malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in rat liver. 608 94

Crude microsomes from porcine endometrium and three subfractions obtained by a modification of Rothschild's technique were characterized by RNA/protein ratio, marker enzyme activities and morphological appearance. The microsomes were devoid of glucose-6-phosphatase activity. They contained approximately 10% of arylesterase-, approximately 30% of both NADPH-cytochrome reductase- and UDPgalactose-N-acetyl-glucosamine beta-D-galactosyltransferase- and approximately 60% of 5'-nucleotidase activities present in the homogenates. Subfraction I (smooth membranes) had twice the galactosyltransferase activity of Subfraction II (smooth and rough membranes + free ribosomes); both subfractions were rich in 5'-nucleotidase and cytochrome reductase activities. Subfraction III (rough membranes) had very low marker activities but exhibited the highest RNA/protein ratio, which was lowest in I.
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PMID:Characterization of microsomal subfractions from porcine endometrium cells. 619 68

The effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and phenobarbital (PB) on hepatic glucose and drug metabolism were investigated in male rats after liver injury, induced with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). MPA normalized fasting blood glucose (BG) and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels and enhanced hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase activities and glycogen and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) contents after liver injury. PB improved hepatic glycogen and cytP450 contents and NADPH cytP450 reductase activity in DMN pretreated rats. The increase in drug metabolism was more pronounced after PB than MPA therapy whereas MPA had more effect on glucose metabolism than had PB. This suggests that the inducing properties of these compounds diverge from each other.
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PMID:A comparison of the effects of phenobarbital and medroxyprogesterone acetate on drug and glucose metabolism in rats with chemical liver injury. 623 40

The aim of this investigation was to obtain information on the time-dependent decrease of the drug-metabolizing system in autolysing rat liver, and also in human cadaver liver. Rat liver, divided into three parts, was tested immediately after removal and 6 and 12 hrs later. Parameters investigated were: microsomal protein, cytochrome P-450, NADPH cytochrome C reductase, glucose-6-phosphatase, aminopyrine-N-demethylation and aniline-p-hydroxylation. In human liver, samples taken from 0.5 up to 3.5 hrs after death, microsomal protein cytochrome P-450, NADPH cytochrome C reductase and phospholipids were tested. Nearly all parameters based on microsomal protein decrease during autolysis, but by different amounts. Interestingly, the cytochrome P-450 content of patients with signs of shock 12 hrs before death is significantly lower than in patients without shock.
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PMID:Post mortem changes in drug-metabolizing enzymes of rat liver and human liver. 628 26

An epithelial cell line, 3105, with an unusual growth pattern has been derived from the liver of an (NZB x NZW)F1 mouse. When confluent, it forms a monolayer of closely packed cells interspersed with holes that do not fill in during cultivation. By electron microscopy, the line has tight and intermediate junctions as well as desmosomes typical of epithelial cells. It produces several enzymes normally present in liver including hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase; has cytochromes P-450 and b5; and spontaneously release xenotropic but not ecotropic endogenous mouse type C viruses. Inoculation of the cell line into athymic nude mice gives rise to benign cysts in 2-3 months. This mouse epithelial line with hepatocyte characteristics should be helpful to investigators as a cell model of normal liver cell differentiation.
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PMID:Differentiated mouse epithelial cell line with hepatocyte characteristics. 628 97

Rats exposed to cosmetic kerosene mists (odourless kerosene), concentration of 75 and 300 mg/m3 for 14 days, underwent morphological and cytoenzymatic liver tests and biochemical tests of lipids composition in this organ. In addition, lipids concentration and activity of test--enzymes in blood serum were determined. The findings were: passive congestion, fine--droplet fatty degeneration in I zones of clusters and increased number of Browicz--Kupffer's phagocytes near liver triads. Those changes were accompanied by: decreased activity of succinic dehydrogenese (SDH), tetrazolic NADPH--reductase (NADPH-r.t.) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P-ase) and increased activity of adenosine triphosphatase (Mg++-ATP-ase) and acid phosphatase (AcP). In blood serum medium increase of base phosphatase (AP), 5-nucleotidase (5-Nt) and leucyloaminepeptidase (LAP) and decreased activity of prothrombin (Pt) were found. In addition, it was demonstrated that liver steatosis was characterized by cumulation of free fatty acids, phospholipids and cholesterol esters with simultaneous decrease in triglycerides content in this organ. The obtained results indicate that changes induced by kerosene hydrocarbons in liver are focal and cumulate in I zones of liver clusters. The degree of lesion varies with the extent of exposure, and results from toxic effects of this preparation on hepatic cells lypoproteid membranes.
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PMID:[Comparative studies on the toxicity of various dieelectrics, kerosene derivatives, used in the electroerosion technic. I. Morphological, cytoenzymatic and biochemical changes in the liver of rats chronically exposed to kerosene hydrocarbons]. 630 48

n-Butyl and isoamyl alcohols decrease the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and enhance the efficiency of pyrene excimer formation when these probes are incorporated in rat-liver microsomal membrane, suggesting an increase in rotational and translational mobilities. Neither alcohol modifies NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity but both increase NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. This was interpreted as an increase in the rate of lateral diffusion of the proteins cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase as a consequence of the enhanced membrane lipid phase fluidity. Microsomal delta 9 and delta 6 desaturase activities in the presence of isoamyl alcohol were also studied. This alcohol decreases delta 9 desaturation when it is measured at a low substrate concentration (13 microM palmitic acid), but it is not modified when it is measured at a high substrate concentration (66 microM palmitic acid). delta 6 desaturation is diminished by isoamyl alcohol when it is measured with both 13 microM and 66 microM linoleic acid. The influence of isoamyl alcohol on the glucose-6-phosphatase system activity was also studied. In non-detergent-treated microsomes, isoamyl alcohol enhances glucose-6-phosphatase activity. However, if microsomes are previously treated with 0.1% Triton X-100 isoamyl alcohol does not modify this activity. The enhancement of the glucose 6-phosphate transport rate is not due to membrane permeability barrier disruption, since isoamyl alcohol does not modify mannose-6-phosphohydrolase latency. This would suggest that an increase in membrane lipid phase fluidity specifically activates glucose 6-phosphate transport across the membrane.
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PMID:Short-chain aliphatic alcohols increase rat-liver microsomal membrane fluidity and affect the activities of some microsomal membrane-bound enzymes. 631 21

The fluidity and lipid composition of microsomal membranes have been studied at the earliest stage of liver regeneration in the rat (16 h after partial hepatectomy). The physical properties of the membranes have been measured by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of freedom of motion of lipid and protein analogue probes. The fluidity of the hydrophobic core and of the microenvironment surrounding membrane proteins appeared to be modified, while no modifications were detectable in the fluidity at the surface or in bulk biochemical composition. The kinetic parameters of two enzymes of the endoplasmic reticulum (3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase) which are differentially localized within the membrane bilayer, were also measured. The temperature dependence of both enzymes was modified in the proliferating system, but these modifications were not consistent with the changes detectable in their specific activity. A model to explain the changes that occur in this proliferating membrane system is presented.
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PMID:Functional changes of endoplasmic reticulum membranes associated with liver regeneration. 632 64

Samorin (isometamedium chloride) was effective against T. evansi in mice given in single i.p. doses of 1 to 10 mg/kg. The administration of 40 mg/kg of samorin or above caused rapid death of mice and there were severe haemorrhages, degeneration and congestion in the liver, heart and kidney. The lesions in the liver and kidney were accompanied with reduced activities of ATP-ase, 5-nucleotidase, succinic tetrazolium reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase.
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PMID:The effect of samorin (isometamedium chloride) on Trypanosoma evansi infection in mice. 742 89


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