Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
 3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder with micro- and macrovascular complications that results in significant morbidity and mortality. 2. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypoglycaemic efficacy of commonly used traditional Indian plants, such as Murraya koenigii, Mentha piperitae, Ocimum sanctum and Aegle marmelos, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental rats. 3. Oral administration of the ethanolic extract of these plants resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and urea, with a concomitant increase in glycogen, haemoglobin and protein, in diabetic rats. Treatment with these plant extracts also resulted in an increase in insulin and C-peptide levels and glucose tolerance. 4. The decreased activities of carbohydrate-metabolising enzymes, such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase, in diabetic rats were significantly elevated towards near normal in rats treated with extracts of M. koenigii, O. sanctum and A. marmelos; the increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase in STZ diabetic rats were significantly reduced following treatment with the plant extracts. 5. Elevated specific binding of [(125)I]-labelled insulin to the receptor found in diabetic rats was markedly decreased in extract-treated groups. However, treatment of diabetic rats with M. piperitae did not result in any significant modification in all parameters. 6. Phytochemical screening conducted by us revealed the presence of biologically active ingredients in the ethanolic extracts of M. koenigii, O. sanctum and A. marmelos, which may readily account for the observed hypoglycaemic activity.
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PMID:Biochemical evaluation of antidiabetogenic properties of some commonly used Indian plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental rats. 1718 94

Influence of adjuvants i.e., alpha-tocopherol (25 mg/kg, p.o.) and piperine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) on therapeutic potential of chelator tiferron (300 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated to encounter toxicogenic events of beryllium exposure. Albino rats were exposed to beryllium nitrate (1 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 days followed by treatment of aforesaid therapeutic agents for 5 consecutive days. Results were considered to be significant at p < or =0.01 and p < or =0.05. Exposure to beryllium increased its concentration in liver, kidney and serum causing significant alterations in the activity of CYP-450 2E1 system, microsomal lipid peroxidation and protein; alkaline phosphtase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin, creatinine and urea in serum; activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase in liver and kidney. Beryllium exposure also induced severe alterations in histopathology and ultramorphology of liver and kidney proving its toxic consequences at cellular level. Tiferron along with adjuvants dramatically reversed alterations of all variables more towards control rather than individual treatment. Study concluded that tiferron in combination with alpha-tocopherol and piperine respectively was beneficial in diluting beryllium induced systemic toxicity; however, combination of tiferron and piperine presented more pronounced therapeutic potential.
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PMID:Amelioration of beryllium induced alterations in hepatorenal biochemistry and ultramorphology by co-administration of tiferron and adjuvants. 1727 10

In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of Tiron along with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin E against vanadium intoxication in female albino rats. Toxicant caused significant increase in the activities of serum transaminases, serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Significant decrease was observed in blood sugar, serum albumin and triglyceride levels whereas serum proteins, cholesterol and urea levels increased significantly during toxicity (p </= 0.001). Hepatic lipid peroxidation increased significantly, whereas significant depletion was observed in reduced glutathione after vanadium administration. The activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver was also inhibited significantly after vanadium administration. A significant rise was observed in glycogen content of liver and kidney after toxicant exposure. Activities of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase were inhibited significantly on the contrary activity of acid phosphatase elevated in kidney. Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney using light and ultramicroscopic study also substantiated the above findings. It was found that therapy with Tiron was effective but significant recovery in all the parameters was found with Tiron + Se followed by Tiron+ VitE and Tiron +Zn.
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PMID:Effect of tiron and its combination with nutritional supplements against vanadium intoxication in female albino rats. 1753 42

In the present work the effect of intramuscular administration of 30.000, 50.000 and 100.000 IU of vitamin A palmitate daily for seven days, respectively, on the liver enzyme activity in 45 white male Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 180-200 g, have been studied. The group control was integrated by 15 healthy rats with similar characteristics (strain, gender, age and weight) to treated animals. Food and water consumption and body weights were recorded at the end of the experimental period. Rats were observed for clinical signs of toxicity. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed under ether anesthesia. Liver samples were taken for the determination of enzyme activity. Administration of excess of vitamin A produced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the content of liver vitamin A, determined diverse and variable clinical signs (such as, anorexia, loss of body weight, alopecia, conjunctivitis, external and internal hemorrhages, skin abnormalities and death) and increased (p < 0.05) the activity of the following enzymes: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, acid maltase (acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase), acid proteases, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase while glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase, alpha-amylase, cholinesterase and arginase decreased (p < 0.05) as compared with untreated controls. These changes depend on the doses given of vitamin A. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that short-term administration of high doses of vitamin A determined diverse and variable clinical signs and produces a marked alteration of activity of liver enzymes.
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PMID:[Clinical and biochemical alterations in rats treated with high doses of vitamin A]. 1827

Uranium, the heaviest of the naturally occurring elements is widely present as environmental contaminant from natural deposits, industrial emissions and most importantly from modern weapons. Histopathological examinations revealed that uranyl nitrate (UN) exposure caused severe damage to pars recta of renal proximal tubule. However, biochemical events involved in cellular response to renal injury are not completely elucidated. We hypothesized that UN exposure would severely damage kidney tissues and alter their metabolic functions. Rats were treated with a single nephrotoxic dose of UN (0.5mg/kg body weight) i.p. After 5d, effect of UN was studied on the activities of various enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane (BBM) and oxidative stress in different kidney tissues. Activity of lactate dehydrogenase increased whereas activities of isocitrate, succinate and malate dehydrogenases, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase significantly decreased by UN exposure. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased whereas that of NADP-malic enzyme increased. The activities of BBM enzymes were significantly lowered and after dissociation from BBM excreted in urine. Lipid peroxidation and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased whereas catalase activity decreased by UN. UN treatment caused specific alterations in the activities of metabolic and membrane enzymes and perturbed antioxidant defenses.
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PMID:Effect of uranyl nitrate on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and brush border membrane in different kidney tissues. 1834 12

Synergistic therapeutic potential of ferritin (5mg/kg, i.p.) and propolis (honeybee hive product; 200mg/kg, p.o.) was analyzed to encounter the beryllium induced biochemical and ultra morphological alterations. Female albino rats were exposed to beryllium nitrate (1mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 days followed by treatment of above mentioned therapeutic agents either individually or in combination for five consecutive days. Exposure to beryllium increased its concentration in serum, liver and kidney and significantly altered the activities of CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymes, microsomal lipid peroxidation and microsomal proteins. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin, protein, creatinine and urea in serum as well as hemoglobin and blood glucose level; activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, total protein contents, glycogen contents, lipid peroxidation and glutathione level in liver and kidney were significantly altered after beryllium administration. Beryllium exposure severely altered ultramorphology of liver and kidney that proved its toxic consequences at cellular level. Ferritin in combination with propolis dramatically reversed the alterations of these variables towards control in a synergistic manner concluding its beneficial effects over monotherapy in attenuating beryllium induced systemic toxicity.
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PMID:Synergistic effects of ferritin and propolis in modulation of beryllium induced toxicogenic alterations. 1862 18

Resveratrol, a ubiquitous stress-induced phytoalexin, has demonstrated a wide variety of biological activities which make it a good candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed to evaluate its therapeutic potential by assaying the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. The daily oral treatment of resveratrol (5 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) decline in blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and a significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma insulin level. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were significantly (p<0.05) reverted to near normal levels by the administration of resveratrol. Further, resveratrol administration to diabetic rats improved hepatic glycogen content suggesting the antihyperglycemic potential of resveratrol in diabetic rats. The obtained results were compared with glyclazide, a standard oral hypoglycemic drug. Thus, the modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating these enzymes activities afford a promise for widespread use for treatment of diabetes in the future.
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PMID:Modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. 1905 88

A 60-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and non-gelatinized (NG) starch on the key metabolic enzymes of glycolysis (hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), gluconeogenesis (glucose-6 phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase), protein metabolism (aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase), and TCA cycle (malate dehydrogenase) in Labeo rohita juveniles. In the analysis, 234 juveniles (2.53 +/- 0.04 g) were randomly distributed into six treatment groups each with three replicates. Six semi-purified diets containing NG and G cornstarch, each at six levels of inclusion (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100) were prepared viz., T1 (100% NG, 0% G starch), T2 (80% NG, 20% G starch), T3 (60% NG, 40% G starch), T4 (40% NG, 60% G starch), T5 (20% NG, 80% G starch), and T6 (0% NG, 100% G starch). Dietary G:NG starch ratio had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the glycolytic enzymes, the highest activities were observed in the T6 group and lowest in the T1 group. On the contrary, the gluconeogenic enzymes, the glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase activities in the organs, liver and kidney were recorded highest in the T1 group and lowest in the T6 group. The liver aspartate amino transferase activity showed an increasing trend with the decrease in the dietary G level. However, the muscle aspartate amino transferase activity was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the type of dietary starch. The alanine amino transferase activity in both liver and muscle showed an increasing trend with the decrease in the dietary G level. The liver and muscle malate dehydrogenase activities were lowest in the T6 group and highest in the T1 group. Results suggest that NG (100%) starch diet significantly induced more the enzyme activities of amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and TCA cycle, whereas partial or total replacement of raw starch by gelatinized starch increased the glycolytic enzyme activity.
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PMID:Modulation of key enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and TCA cycle of the tropical freshwater fish Labeo rohita fed gelatinized and non-gelatinized starch diet. 1934 May 98

Trichloroethylene (TCE), an industrial solvent, is a major environmental contaminant. Histopathological examinations revealed that TCE caused liver and kidney toxicity and carcinogenicity. However, biochemical mechanism and tissue response to toxic insult are not completely elucidated. We hypothesized that TCE induces oxidative stress to various rat tissues and alters their metabolic functions. Male Wistar rats were given TCE (1000 mg/kg/day) in corn oil orally for 25 d. Blood and tissues were collected and analyzed for various biochemical and enzymatic parameters. TCE administration increased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase but decreased serum glucose, inorganic phosphate and phospholipids indicating kidney and liver toxicity. Activity of hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase increased in the intestine and liver whereas decreased in renal tissues. Malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase decreased in all tissues whereas increased in medulla. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased but NADP-malic enzyme decreased in all tissues except in medulla. The activity of BBM enzymes decreased but renal Na/Pi transport increased. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities variably declined whereas lipid peroxidation significantly enhanced in all tissues. The present results indicate that TCE caused severe damage to kidney, intestine, liver and brain; altered carbohydrate metabolism and suppressed antioxidant defense system.
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PMID:Effect of trichloroethylene (TCE) toxicity on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane and oxidative stress in kidney and other rat tissues. 1936 49

Cisplatin (CP) an anticancer drug is known to induce nephrotoxicity, which limits its long-term clinical use. Green tea (GT), consumed since ancient times is known for its numerous health benefits. It has been shown to improve kidney functions in animal models of acute renal failure. The present study was undertaken to see whether GT can prevent CP-induced nephrotoxic and other deleterious effects. A nephrotoxic dose of CP was co-administered to control and GT-fed male Wistar rats every fifth day for 25 days. The effect of GT was determined on CP-induced alterations in various serum parameters and on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane, and antioxidant defense system in renal cortex and medulla. CP nephrotoxicity was recorded by increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. CP increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase whereas, the activities of malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and (32)Pi transport significantly decreased. GT consumption increased the activities of the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane, oxidative stress, and (32)Pi transport. GT ameliorated CP-induced nephrotoxic and other deleterious effects due to its intrinsic biochemical/antioxidant properties.
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PMID:Studies on the protective effect of green tea against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. 1964 78


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