Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
 3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental diabetes may manifest itself in a defect in liver microsomal fatty acid desaturation and increased activity of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). The present study was designed to determine whether these changes could be normalized by a change in the dietary fat consumed. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed nutritionally adequate diets which varied in fatty acid composition. Fatty acid analysis of liver microsomal phospholipids revealed that non-diabetic control animals fed saturated fat (beef tallow) or a diet high in omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) exhibited a significantly higher level of 18:2 omega 6 and a lower level of 20:4 omega 6 in the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions compared with diabetic animals. Control and diabetic animals fed the high linoleic acid diet had similar levels of 18:2 omega 6 in the microsomal phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine fractions. Microsomal G-6-Pase activity was higher in diabetic than in control animals. Activity of G-6-Pase was lower in microsomes of control animals fed the soybean oil or the fish oil diet, but was not significantly reduced in diabetic animals fed high polyunsaturated fats. Blood glucose levels were similar in control groups fed the different diets, but the plasma hemoglobin Alc level was lower in diabetic animals fed the soybean oil diet. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were lower in diabetic animals fed the fish oil-based diet. The results suggest that dietary fat manipulation has the potential to change at least some of the abnormalities in the microsomal membrane in experimental diabetes.
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PMID:Effect of dietary fat on diabetes-induced changes in liver microsomal fatty acid composition and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in rats. 165 72

Short-term (two weeks) feeding of isocaloric diets supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is useful for the prevention or treatment of the enhanced uptake of glucose which occurs in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, as compared with animals fed a diet supplemented with saturated fatty acids (SFA). The study was undertaken to compare the effects of long-term (seven weeks) feeding PUFA or SFA to diabetic rats. We have previously reported that diabetic animals fed PUFA had superior body weight gain, lower hemoglobin AlC values, lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, lower percentage decline in glucose (K value) following intravenous glucose tolerance testing, near-normal values of hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity and near-normal concentrations of 18:2(6) and 20:4(6) in liver microsomal phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. However, jejunal and ileal uptake of varying concentrations of glucose were similar in the three diet groups. Thus, the potential long-term beneficial effects of feeding diets with a high PUFA/SFA ratio probably have their explanation in metabolic effects distant to their uptake by the intestine.
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PMID:Improved intestinal form and function in diabetic rats fed long-term with a polyunsaturated fatty acid diet. 275 39

Various biological parameters were measured in two strains of Japanese quail selected for their resistance (Ls+) or susceptibility (Ls-) to an acute normobaric hypoxic challenge. Adults of these two strains showed very little or no significant differences concerning body weights, carbon dioxide emission, photoperiodic (L----D and D----L) respiratory reactions, cloacal temperatures, heart rates and ECG QRSII amplitudes, red blood cell data, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and plasma corticosterone (before and after an hypoxic challenge). Enzymatic capacities of phosphofructo-and pyruvate kinases, of glucose-6-phosphatase, lactico- and malate-dehydrogenases, measured in brains and hearts, showed but few statistically significant differences. Changing societal contacts did not suppress the differences of acute hypoxic survival between the two strains. Several statistically significant differences which concern reproduction and eggs, and especially egg laying and egg water vapor conductance were noted between the two strains.
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PMID:Biological parameters in Japanese quail genetically selected for resistance or sensitivity to an acute hypoxic survival. 393 75

Hematological, biochemical, histoenzymological, and histopathological changes in serum and tissues were studied in chickens during outbreaks of nephritis. Hematological studies revealed normocytic-normochromic anemia characterized by increased total erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Albumin-to-globulin ratio and sodium levels in serum, glucose in blood, and alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase in liver and kidneys were decreased. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase, uric acid, non-protein-nitrogen, and potassium levels in serum were increased. No significant change in the calcium, phosphorus, and total protein levels in serum was observed. These changes were directly related to the severity of the nephritis.
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PMID:Clinicopathological, hematological, and biochemical studies in some outbreaks of nephritis in poultry. 407 33

Two SH-dependent proteinases (I and II) active in neutral media were isolated from bovine spleen and purified to apparent homogeneity. The histone-hydrolyzing activity of proteinase I was increased 3500-fold as compared to that of the original extract. Proteinase I hydrolyzed a variety of proteins (histones, azocasein, hemoglobin, collagen) but did not hydrolyze low molecular weight synthetic substrates, such as BAPA, BANA, BAEE, ATEE, Leu-beta-NA, Arg-beta-Na and Ala-beta-NA. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by SDS electrophoresis was found to be about 23,000. Isoelectrofocusing of the enzyme resulted in one major component with pI of 6.05 and in two minor components with pI of 6.2 and 6.4. Proteinase II hydrolyzed Leu-beta-NA, Arg-beta-NA and Ala-beta-NA but did not hydrolyze beta-naphthylamides of dicarboxylic acids and Gly-Phe-beta-Na. This proteinase split BANA and histone and very slowly split azocasein and collagen. Proteinase II was found to have a molecular weight of 30 000 and a pI of 6.8-6.9. Proteinase I inactivated fructose-1.6-diphosphate aldolase, partly inactivated glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase and caused activation of phosphodiesterase of cyclic nucleotides. Proteinase II had no effect on the activity of the above enzymes. A comparison of proteinase I and II with enzymes described in literature demonstrated that the former was cathepsin L, while the latter was cathepsin H from spleen.
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PMID:[Characteristics of two thiol proteinases from spleen active in neutral media]. 675 12

The efficacy of Tiron (4,5-dihydroxybenzene 1,3-disulfonic acid disodium salt) was examined in the treatment of beryllium-induced maternal and developmental toxicity in rats. Single administration of beryllium nitrate at a dose of 50 mg/kg (i.m.) on day 13 of gestation caused reductions in fetal and placental weights, the number of implantation sites and number of corpora lutea, as well as causing post-implantation loss, stunted growth, increase in the number of resorptions, and also a disturbed sex ratio. Maternal toxicity was demonstrated by reduction in body weight gain. Administration of beryllium also showed significant alteration in the hematological and biochemical indices of the mother as well as the fetus. Marked decreases were recorded in hemoglobin percentage, blood sugar levels, serum protein contents and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. By contrast, significant elevation was found in the activity of transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). Tissue protein contents, glycogen contents, activities of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase of kidney, lungs and uterus, and maternal and fetal liver all showed significantly decreased values after beryllium exposure, and remarkable elevation was observed in acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and hepatic lipid peroxidation. These parameters were restored considerably with administration of 471 mg/kg i.m. Tiron from days 14 to 18 of gestation. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry also revealed a high concentration of beryllium in different organs of pregnant rats. Interestingly, a small amount of metal ion was also detected in the fetus and reduced accumulation of beryllium was noticed after Tiron treatment.
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PMID:Protective effect of Tiron (4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid disodium salt) against beryllium-induced maternal and fetal toxicity in rats. 1218 11

Eclipta alba, an indigenous medicinal plant, has a folk (Siddha and Ayurvedha) reputation in rural southern India as a hypoglycemic agent. In order to confirm this claim, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of E. alba and to study the activities of liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in the liver of control and alloxan-diabetic rats. Oral administration of leaf suspension of E. alba (2 and 4 g/kg body weight) for 60 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose (from 372.0 +/- 33.2 to 117.0 +/- 22.8), glycosylated hemoglobin HbA(1)c, a decrease in the activities of glucose-6 phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and an increase in the activity of liver hexokinase. E. alba at dose of 2 g/kg body weight exhibited better sugar reduction than 4 g/kg body weight. Thus, the present study clearly shows that the oral administration of E. alba possess potent antihyperglycemic activity.
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PMID:Antihyperglycemic activity of Eclipta alba leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 1536 23

The present study was aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic efficacy in an aqueous extract of seeds of two varieties, namely a country and a hybrid variety of Momordica charantia (MCSEt1 and MCSEt2) respectively in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with aqueous extracts of MCSEt1 and t2 for a period of 30 days. MCSEt1 and t2 extract treatment to diabetic rats resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase, and a concomitant increase in the levels of hemoglobin, glycogen and activities of hexokinase and glycogen synthase. These results clearly show the antidiabetic properties of Momordica charantia. Both the varieties showed safe and significant hypoglycemic effects which were more pronounced in MCSEt1 compared to MCSEt2 and glibenclamide.
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PMID:Antidiabetic activity of Momordica charantia seeds on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. 1591 91

The present study was carried out to assess the influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and status of antioxidants in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult female albino Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g by administration of STZ (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitonially. Both normal and diabetic rats were fed with a commercial diet containing 2% oil supplemented with 6% sesame oil for 42 days. Diabetic rats had elevated levels of blood glucose (322.61 +/- 9.49 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides and decreased levels of hemoglobin, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH). An increase in glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and a decrease in hexokinase activity were observed in liver and kidney tissues. When diabetic rats fed with sesame oil were compared with diabetic rats, a significant reduction in levels of blood glucose (222.02 +/- 8.27 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, TBARS, and lipid hydroperoxides and glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and an elevation in hemoglobin, vitamin E, and GSH levels and hexokinase activity were observed. Thus, sesame oil consumption influences beneficially the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels in diabetic rats.
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PMID:Influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in streptozotocin diabetic rats. 1617 50

Piper betle, an indigenous medicinal plant, has a folk (Siddha and Ayurvedha) reputation in the rural southern India. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of P. betle on glucose metabolism since it is consumed as betel-quid after meals. Plasma levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and activities of liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in control and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats were assayed. Oral administration of leaf suspension of P. betle (75 and 150 mg/kg of body weight) for 30 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose (from 205.00 +/- 10.80 mg/dL to 151.30 +/- 6.53 mg/dL) and glycosylated hemoglobin and decreased activities of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, while liver hexokinase increased (P < .05), in STZ diabetic rats when compared with untreated diabetic rats. P. betle at a dose of 75 mg/kg of body weight exhibited better sugar reduction than 150 mg/kg of body weight. In addition, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals was also observed. The effects produced by P. betle were compared with the standard drug glibenclamide. Thus, the present study clearly shows that P. betle intake influences glucose metabolism beneficially.
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PMID:Antihyperglycemic activity of Piper betle leaf on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1657 37


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