Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
 3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve acid hydrolases, 4 near-neutral hydrolases, and alkaline phosphatase were demonstrated in 0.34 M sucrose homogenates of Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y: p-nitrophenylphosphatase and alpha-naphthylphosphatase, with optimum pH at approximately 6.0; alpha=ga;actpsodase. beta=ga;actpsodase. beta=g;icpsodase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cathepsin A and peptidase I and III, with optimum pH between 5.0 and 6.0; and arylsulfatase, cathepsin D, alpha-arabinase and alpha-mannosidase with optimum pH at approximately 4.0. alpha-Glucosidase, glucose-6-phosphatase and peptidase II had optimum pH at approximately 7.0. beta-Glycerophosphatase had a broad pH-activity curve from 4,0 to 7.4, with maximum activity at pH 7.0. The main kinetic characteristics of these enzymes and their quantitative assay methods were studied. No activity was detected for alpha-fucosidase, beta-xylosidase, beta-glucuronidase, elaidate esterase, acid lipase, and alkaline phosphodiesterase.
 ...
PMID:Acid and neutral hydrolases in Trypanosoma cruzi. Characterization and assay. 4 19

Microsomes were prepared from perfused rat livers after different perfusion procedures. The yield of microsomal protein and the kinetic data (Km, Vmax) of glucose-6-phosphatase (3.1.3.9) and esterase (3.1.1.1) activities were analysed in each preparation. No marked differences were detected between conventionally prepared liver microsomes and those from livers perfused 1 hr with an erythrocytes-free medium under the conditions of open outflow. If the outflow pressure was increased artificially, the yield of microsomal protein decreased. The Vmax of both enzymes was markedly increased, whereas the Km values remained unchanged. The same microsomal alterations occurred when perfused rat livers were poisoned with phalloidin in vitro under the condition of open outflow. Our findings indicate that microsomal alterations in livers from poisoned animals might be due to microcirculatory disturbances, and not primary effects of the toxin on the endoplasmatic reticulum.
 ...
PMID:Glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) and esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) activities of microsomes prepared from perfused rat livers after partial outflow block or phalloidin poisoning. 16 81

The effect of complete subphrenic vagotomy and simultaneous pyloromyotomy on the morphological state and the activities of some intracellular enzymes of the albino rat was studied histochemically. Within the first weeks after vagotomy, the pancreatic acini were found to diminish in size, and the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans became oedematous. In the acini, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, AS naphthol acetate esterase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were observed to decline, but the reactions for beta-glucuronidase and aryl sulphatase showed intensifications and polymorphic behaviour both in acinar and in islet cells. The latter also and particularly the beta-cells simultaneously revealed enhanced activities of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, beta-glucuronidase, and aryl sulphatase, and an entire disappearance of the reaction for glucose-6-phosphatase. The alpha-cells increased their AS naphthol acetate esterase activity. After 5 weeks following vagotomy, morphological and enzymatic changes in the acini and islets were negligible, and after 5 and 9 months no differences were noted between the vagotomized rats and the control animals.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical studies on the albino rat pancreas in different periods following vagotomy and simultaneous pyloromyotomy. 17 15

Cadmium, in addition to producing a variety of toxic manifestations, is known to accumulate in certain "target" organs which include liver and kidney where histological and functional damage becomes apparent. The daily intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride for 21 or 45 days stimulated the activities of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase elevated blood glucose and urea, and lowered hepatic glycogen in rats. Whereas chronic Cd treatment failed to alter adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, cyclic AMP (cAMY and the activity of basal and fluoride-stimulated forms of hepatic adenylate cyclase (AC) were markedly increased. However, the cAMP binding to hepatic protein kinase was decreased as was the kinase activity ration. An acute dose of Cd decreased hepatic glycogen content and increased blood glucose, serum urea, and hepatic cAMP. Chronic exposure to Cd induced adrenal hypertrophy and augmented adrenal norepinephrine and epinephrine as well as the activity of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase. This treatment decreased prostatic and testicular weights of mature rats. Although cAMP as well as AC activity of the prostate gland were reduced, cAMP binding to the prostatic protein kinase was increased as was the activity of the cAMP-dependent form of the enzyme. Testicular AC and PDE activities, however, were stimulated, although cAMP remained unaffected. Whereas the activities of the cAMP-dependent and the independent forms of testicular protein kinase were significantly depressed, the binding of cAMP to protein kinase from testes of Cd-treated rats was not affected. In most cases, the observed metabolic alterations persisted up to 28 days on cessation of Cd administration. Subacute Cd treatment suppressed pancreatic function as evidenced by lowered serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in presence of hyperglycemia, as well as by partial inhibition of phentolamine-stimulated increases in serum IRI. Although chronic Cd treatment failed to alter the concentration of brain stem norepinephrine and cerebrocortical acetylcholine esterase activity, serotonin levels of brain stem were depressed and the concentration of striatal dopamine and cerebrocortical acetylcholine were significantly elevated when compared with the values seen in control nonexposed animals.
 ...
PMID:Aspects of the biochemical toxicology of cadmium. 17 84

Liver glucose-6-phosphatase and lipase-esterase, liver and muscle glycogen phosphorylase, and brown fat lipase-esterase activity changes were studied during the postnatal development of rats born and growing up in temperatures of +5 and 20 degrees C. Liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity was highest at the age of 4 days in both environments. In the age groups 20-67 days glucose-6-phosphatase activity was higher in animals living in a cold environment than in those reared at room temperature. At birth, glycogen phosphorylase activity was high in the liver but very low in the muscle. No difference was found between the two temperatures. The lipase-esterase activity in the liver was very low at birth, rising to adult level by the age of 30 days, while in the brown fat the activity was already high at the time of birth and clearly higher in rats born in a cold environment than in those born at room temperature. At the time of birth the relative and absolute weight of brown fat were also clearly higher in rats born at +5 degrees C than in those born +20 degrees C.
 ...
PMID:Effects of a cold environment on energy-related enzyme activities in the postnatal rat. 17 36

9 adult Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups (24, 48, and 96 hours of immobilization) to study the influence of immobilization stress on spermiogenesis in rats. After 96 hours of immobilization, histological changes began to be manifested in the form of almost complete disappearance of the cell population of the wall of seminiferous tubule, as well as a markedly increased number of cells with pathologic mitoses. Enzymological investigations proved various change of activity (of acid and alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and glucose-6-phosphatase) which, after temporary negativity, became positive again in the last group.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of immobilization on spermatogenesis]. 18 50

Morphologic studies of the developing, gestational, and involuting corpus luteum show that rapid structural changes occur and that involution is not associated with an appropriate inflammatory response. Histochemical techniques were used to demonstrate several patterns of enzyme activity. The luteunized granulosa cells stained with increasing intensity for lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, but reactivity for these enzymes dropped markedly with early involution, and staining was never conspicuous in the organizing cavity. Reactions for acid phosphatase, glucosaminidase, galactosidase, glucuronidase, and nonspecific esterase were also present in the developing corpus luteum, but staining decreased more slowly during involution and was prominent in the occasional macrophages in the granulosa and the granulation tissue in the cavity. Staining was moderately intense for all of the enzymes in the corpus luteum of pregnancy. The decrease in activity for these metabolic enzymes confirms the histologic impression of degeneration, but the loss of staining for lysosomal enzymes was more rapid than expected. The latter finding complicates the hypothesis of involution of involution of the corpus luteum as an example of programmed cell death.
 ...
PMID:Observations on the human corpus luteum: histochemical changes during development and involution. 18 5

Ultrastructural changes and intracellular enzyme activities in the hepatocytes were studied in rabbits irradiated with 550 rads of gamma rays at 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation. Swelling and marked rarefaction of the mitochondrial matrix observed on the first day were followed by gradual condensation of the matrix between the 6th and 9th day. This state was accompanied by marked reduction in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, ehich gradually returned to the normal by the 30th day of observation. In the hyaloplasm, the most intense changes developed between the third and sixth day and were manifested by clearing of the cytoplasm and marked fragmentation of the endoplasmic membranes, with concurrent negligible decline of the lactate dehydrogenase activity and unchanged glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In the Golgi apparatus, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of smooth membranes were most pronounced on the 6th day and were correlated with a weakened and diffuse reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was irregularly distributed in the lobule. The activities of lysosomal hydrolases, i.e. acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase, had various localizations within the lobules. The strongest deviations from the normal and of longest duration. (up to 9 days) were seen in the Browicz-Kupffer cells. Complex studies on the same material conducted concurrently with the use of different methods showed that radiation damages structure and function in unequal degrees. Moreover, within the same organ the cellular response to ionizing radiation varies according to the character, localization and functional state of the cells. Deviations from the normal state occur between the first and ninth days, most of the structural and functional elements showing sings of return to the normal about the 15th day after irradiation.
 ...
PMID:Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of gamma-irradiated rabbits. 18 69

The transverse distribution of enzyme proteins and phospholipids within microsomal membranes was studied by analyzing membrane composition after treatment with proteases and phospholipases. Upon trypsin treatment of closed microsomal vesicles, NADH- and NADPH-cytochrome c reductases as well as cytochrome b5 were solubilized or inactivated, while cytochrome P-450 was partially inactivated. When microsomes were exposed to a concentration of deoxycholate which makes them permeable to macromolecules but does not disrupt the membrane, the detergent alone was sufficient to release four enzymes: nucleoside diphosphatase, esterase, beta-glucuronidase, and a portion of the DT-diaphorase. Introduction of trypsin into the vesicle lumen inactivated glucose-6-phosphatase completely and cytochrome P-450 partially. The rest of this cytochrome, ATPase, AMPase, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, and the remaining 50% of DT-diaphorase activity were not affected by proteolysis from either side of the membrane. Phospholipase A treatment of intact microsomes in the presence of albumin hydrolyzed all of the phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and 55% of the phosphatidylcholine. From this observation, it was concluded that these lipids are localized in the outer half of the bilayer of the microsomal membrane; Phosphatidylinositol, 45% of the phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin are tentatively assigned to the inner half of this bilayer. It appears that the various enzyme proteins and phospholipids of the microsomal membrane display an asymmetric distribution in the transverse plane.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme and phospholipid asymmetry in liver microsomal membranes. 19 Feb 41

1. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is intensely positive in proximal tubule I and II during the breeding season. In the kidney of secretion producing the enzyme is detectable as against to kidney of winter on the whole proximal tubule II. 2. In the kidney what is able to build a nest, concentration and size of acid phosphatase granules are very increasing in proximal tubule II. 3. The detection of unspecific esterase was negatively already. 4, The reaction of glucose-6-phosphatase is slightly demonstrable in cells of proximal segment of secretion producing what are enlarged fourfold. 5; From the varied reaction of acid and alkaline phosphatase we conclude that both are to set in relation to excretory activity, but not to process of synthesis in kidney of late-spring fish.
 ...
PMID:[Histological and histochemical studies of the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. kidney. III. Activity of various phosphatases depending on secretion]. 19 Aug 10


1 2 3 4 Next >>