Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The livers of rats given either the peroxisome proliferating hepatocarcinogen di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) following initiation by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) or the neoplasm promoter phenobarbital (PB) were studied for changes in 8 histochemical properties. Male F344 rats were fed 200 ppm AAF for 7 weeks to induce hepatocellular altered foci, and were then fed diets containing either no chemical, 12,000 ppm DEHP or 500 ppm PB for 24 weeks. In hepatocytes, DEHP increased alkaline phosphatase activity throughout the lobule, but reduced gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity in periportal hepatocytes. PB, in contrast, increased GGT activity in periportal hepatocytes. In foci that were induced by AAF, DEHP reduced the histochemical activity of GGT and did not increase the number, mean volume or volume % of foci detected by deficiencies in iron storage, glucose-6-phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase or fibronectin. PB enhanced the expression of all 8 phenotypic abnormalities in foci such that either more profiles were detected or the area of foci was increased.
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PMID:Effects of the peroxisome proliferator di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on enzymes in rat liver and on carcinogen-induced liver altered foci in comparison to the promoter phenobarbital. 197 53

In order to evaluate the usefulness of key gluconeogenic enzymes, in relation to the markers commonly used (alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) for the diagnose of cholestasis the serum activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase has been measured in rats with bile-duct ligation. Among the gluconeogenic enzymes studied only phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increased significantly in the first 48 hours after cholestasis, decreasing thereafter to normal values. Both alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities showed a very significant increase which persisted throughout the experiment. These results seem to indicate that in spite of the high organ specificity of these enzymes they do not appear to be useful for the diagnosis of cholestasis.
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PMID:Evaluation of key gluconeogenic enzymes in experimental biliary obstruction. 198 72

Administration of Embelin, an experimental antifertility agent, to male rats (20 mg/kg body wt/day, daily for 15 and 30 days), caused an elevation in the uptake of D-glucose, L-alanine, L-leucine, and calcium in the small intestinal segments. An increase was also noted in the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM)-associated enzymes, sucrase, lactase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase in both the intestinal homogenates and partially purified BBM preparations, particularly after 30-day administration of the drug. Embelin treatment also caused a significant increase in the microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase and the cytosolic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase. In the Embelin-treated animals BBM-associated total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, unesterified fatty acids, ganglioside-sialic acids as well as the cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio showed a considerable increase. All these changes in the Embelin-treated animals were restored back to the normal or near normal biochemical makeup when the drug therapy was withdrawn and the animals were allowed to recover for another 15 and 30 days, respectively.
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PMID:Changes in glucose/amino acid/calcium uptake and brush-border membrane-associated enzymes in rat small intestine after the administration of embelin (plant benzoquinone), an antifertility agent. 211 47

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment is effective in preventing or delaying the onset of various genetic and induced disorders of mice and rats. Associated with the beneficial therapeutic effects exerted by action of this steroid is the development of hepatomegaly. To determine whether the changes associated with hepatomegaly also involve alterations in activities of tissue enzymes, we evaluated the effects of DHEA (0.45% in food, w/w) on hepatic protein kinases, phosphatases, and lipogenic enzymes in mice of various strains. The rates of fatty acid and cholesterol syntheses also were evaluated. DHEA administration resulted in profound changes in the sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of endogenous radiophosphorylated proteins obtained by incubation of liver homogenates with (gamma-32P]ATP. These changes were dependent upon the medium used for homogenization. Thus, when homogenates of liver tissue of DHEA-treated mice were prepared in Tris buffer containing sucrose (0.25 M) there was a marked decrease in phosphorylation of the proteins of relative molecular weight approximately 116,000 (Mr approximately 116,000), approximately 82,000, approximately 80,000, approximately 58,000, approximately 56,000, approximately 48,000, approximately 34,000, and approximately 31,000 compared with controls. With liver homogenates of DHEA-treated mice prepared in Tris buffer alone, there was a marked increase in phosphorylation of the proteins of Mr approximately 70,000, approximately 49,000, approximately 34,000, approximately 31,000, and 28,000 compared with controls. Moreover, the specific activity of kinases for endogenous protein acceptors in liver of control mice was higher than that in liver of DHEA-treated animals. The specific activities of casein kinase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase remained unchanged with DHEA treatment, but the specific activity of histone kinase was increased approximately 30%. Long-term administration of DHEA also was associated with increases in the specific activities of liver AMPase and GTPase (approximately two times), but not of other nucleotidases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, or phosphotyrosine phosphatase. The activity of hepatic NADP-linked malic enzyme was increased significantly (two to three times) by DHEA treatment of female mice of three different strains, but was unchanged in male C57BL/6 mice. The specific activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, and ATP-citrate lyase were not affected significantly by DHEA treatment of mice. The rate of hepatic lipogenesis, determined by incorporation of tritium from 3H2O into fatty acids, was decreased approximately 70% in DHEA-treated mice, while the rate of cholesterol synthesis was increased approximately 44% compared with controls.
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PMID:Dehydroepiandrosterone feeding and protein phosphorylation, phosphatases, and lipogenic enzymes in mouse liver. 215 82

In Calotes versicolor, thyroidectomy did not alter the blood glucose level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH liver and heart), acid phosphatase (Ac.Pase liver and kidney), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk.Pase liver and kidney) activities; significantly decreased the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase liver and kidney), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT liver and heart), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT liver), and urea concentration (liver and kidney); and increased liver cholesterol when compared to sham-operated controls. Administration of L-thyroxine (L-T4) or triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) to thyroidectomized lizards significantly stimulated the activities of G-6-Pase, Ac.Pase, GOT and GPT, concentration of glucose and urea, and decreased the cholesterol level. While the activities of all the enzymes studied and cholesterol level remain unchanged, glucose and urea levels decreased and increased, respectively, in thyroidectomized animals treated with actinomycin D. Chloramphenicol treatment did not affect any of the parameters studied. Simultaneous injections of actinomycin D or chloramphenicol with L-T4 prevented the hormone-stimulated activities of Ac.Pase, GOT, and GPT while the activities of LDH, G-6-Pase, Alk.Pase, glucose, urea, and cholesterol levels remain unchanged.
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PMID:Intermediary metabolism in a lizard, Calotes versicolor: role of thyroid hormones. 215 52

Kinetic studies of the histochemical and histoenzymatic behavior of rabbit pancreatic parenchymas were performed 5, 30 and 90 days after Wirsung duct ligation. In control pancreas, some enzyme activities (EA) were more prominent in Langerhans islets [glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (DH), isocitrate DH, glycerol-3-phosphate DH, NADPH DH], others were strongly marked in acini and ducts (alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, acid esterase aryl-sulfatase). Histochemical and enzyme abnormalities observed in experimental rabbits reflect the post-ligation degenerative and reactive processes in both exocrine and endocrine pancreas: (1) the decrease in Krebs cycle and pentose pathway linked EA and the increased lysosomal and acid phosphatase EA reflect early (day 5) degeneration and necrosis of islets and acini (day 30); (2) proliferative processes in developed ductal epithelia are shown by an increase in both glycolytic and lysosomal EA (days 30 and 90); (3) connective tissue neogenesis and interstitial fibrosis occurred as shown by activated beta-glucuronidase, aryl-sulfatase, alkaline phosphatase and increased ribonucleoproteins and glycoaminoglycans contents (day 30); (4) on day 90, the neoformed cell clusters presenting glucose-6-phosphatase positivity (B-cell marker) are seen in the pancreas remnant. At the same time, blood insulin level increases correlated with a decrease of hyperglycemia.
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PMID:Cell features in pancreas of prediabetic and diabetic rabbits after Wirsung duct ligation. Histochemical and histoenzymatic studies. 233 24

In the female urethra, the activity and distribution of 15 enzymes was determined by using both conventional and special histochemical methods. The enzymatic equipment differed according to the type of epithelial lining whose variation is characteristic for the female urethra. In the stratified squamous epithelium of the urethra, alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase exhibited but minimal or no activity, yet the other 10 enzymes studied displayed activity particularly in basally situated cells. Nearer to the lumen of the urethra, the activity in the epithelium kept decreasing and was mostly absent in superficial and desquamated cells. In the pseudostratified columnar and in the transitional epithelium of the urethra, the majority of enzymes showed an evenly distributed activity at all epithelial levels. In the apical parts of the most superficially situated cells bounding the lumen of the urethra, a distinct narrow zone of higher activity was observed. It was seen not only on determining the majority of dehydrogenases but also on examining acid phosphatase and naphthyl esterase. The endocrine cells occurring in the uroepithelial lining of the female urethra displayed, yet always with the exception of squamous epithelium (Zaviacic et al. 1983), distinct activity of acid hydrolytic enzymes, and of the enzymes studied it was particularly acid phosphatase. The majority of the demonstrated enzymes, of the dehydrogenases priority, is to be given to succinate dehydrogenase, enabled to differentiate readily between the highly active striated muscle fibers located in the most peripheral parts of the excisions along the urethral circumference and the smooth musculature of the urethral wall with a lower or only minimal activity.
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PMID:The adult human female urethra. Enzyme-histochemical study. 242 Jan 38

The relationships between the gross appearance, histologic types, and cytochemical characteristics of hepatocellular neoplasms were studied in B6C3F1 mice given the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine either alone or followed by the organochlorine pesticides, 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, chlordane, or heptachlor as promoting agents. Hepatocellular neoplasms were categorized according to their cytoplasmic staining properties with hematoxylin and eosin. Acidophilic neoplasms more often displayed increased activity of alkaline phosphatase than did basophilic neoplasms. The activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase were decreased in both acidophilic and basophilic neoplasms. There was no difference in the activities of these enzymes or gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase between adenomas and carcinomas, although most neoplasms did not display gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Chlordane or heptachlor exposure increased the alkaline phosphatase activity in neoplastic cells, but not that of other enzymes. The majority of neoplasms displayed a deficiency of iron accumulation. The macroscopic appearance of neoplasms was closely related to their cytoplasmic staining properties and cytochemical characteristics.
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PMID:Morphologic and cytochemical properties of mouse liver neoplasms induced by diethylnitrosamine and promoted by 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, chlordane, or heptachlor. 242 23

Mercuric chloride was administered once i.p. to female Fischer-344 rats at doses of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg. Although there were no alterations in the urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase, significant elevations in the activities of urinary (U) alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) indicated that mercuric chloride was nephrotoxic. There was no evidence of hepatotoxicity as hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase were essentially unaffected by mercuric chloride administration. The activities of ethylmorphine demethylase, hexobarbital oxidase and aldrin epoxidase determined in vitro were not inhibited by mercuric chloride although aniline hydroxylase activity was decreased. Of the four phase-II reactions measured, only the glucuronidation of chloramphenicol was diminished by treatment with mercuric chloride. Results from the in vivo studies on the metabolism of lindane, which indicated no change in the excretion of free or conjugated metabolites, were in close agreement with the in vitro data suggesting that the nephrotoxic effects of mercuric chloride do not alter the urinary excretion of the model substrate lindane.
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PMID:A comparison of in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluating alterations in hepatic drug metabolism following mercuric chloride administration. 242 44

Dietary hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and gamma-isomer of HCH produced significant increase in liver weights of mice. Elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of these animals suggested hepatotoxicity. Hepatic soluble enzymes--aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase--were markedly lowered. Among the hepatic lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and acid cathepsin were increased in the experimental animals. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase was lowered by HCH while aldolase activity was increased. Hydrolytic enzymes in small intestine, viz., disaccharidases, lipase, amylase, dipeptidase and phosphatases, were also affected by dietary HCH and gamma-HCH. The results suggested cellular toxicity in hepatocytes of HCH and gamma-HCH fed animals, and also interference in gastrointestinal absorption.
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PMID:Biochemical toxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane and its gamma-isomer in albino mice. 248 47


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