Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
 3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aavirai Kudineer (AK) is an herbal decoction of seven botanical drugs, cited in the Gunapadam; a Tamil Siddha medical text. The anti-diabetic efficacy of this formulation was evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetic and normal rats. Glucose tolerance was observed within 1 hr in AK-treated rats (10 ml/kg body ) as compared to control. A significant decrease in the severe hyperglycemia characteristic of alloxan diabetes was noted after 15 days of AK treatment. Further AK treatment reversed the elevated urea, creatinine, cholesterol and decreased protein values to near normal levels. Assay of glycogen content and chief carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, viz. hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6 diphosphatase in the liver of diabetic and AK-treated diabetic rats clearly ascertains the hypoglycemic efficacy of this formulation. The mode of action of this herbal formulation remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Biochemical studies on hypoglycemic effect of Aavirai kudineer: a herbal formulation in alloxan diabetic rats. 1183 78

We evaluated the effect of sodium molybdate on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and mitochondrial enzymes in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in the activities of glucose metabolising enzymes like hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and in the level of glycogen. An elevation in the activities of aldolase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6- bisphosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase and in the level of blood glucose were also observed in diabetic rats when compared to control rats. The activities of mitochondrial enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADH-dehydrogenase and cytochrome-C-oxidase were also significantly lowered in diabetic rats. Molybdate administration to diabetic rats reversed the above changes in a significant manner. From our observations, we conclude that administration of sodium molybdate regulated the blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Sodium molybdate therapy not only maintained the blood glucose homeostasis but also altered the activities of carbohydrate metabolising enzymes. Molybdate therapy also considerably improved the activities of mitochondrial enzymes, thereby suggesting its role in mitochondrial energy production.
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PMID:Effect of sodium molybdate on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 1183 16

Effect of vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAc) and metformin on gluconeogenesis has been studied in isolated hepatocytes and kidney-cortex tubules of rabbit. Glucose formation from alanine+glycerol+octanoate, pyruvate or dihydroxyacetone was inhibited by 50-80% by 100 microM VAc or 500 microM metformin in renal tubules of control and alloxan-diabetic animals, while the inhibitory action of these compounds in hepatocytes was less pronounced (by about 20-30%). In contrast to VAc, metformin increased the rate of lactate formation by about 2-fold in renal tubules incubated with alanine+glycerol+octanoate. In view of VAc-induced changes in intracellular gluconeogenic intermediates and gluconeogenic enzyme activities, it is likely that this compound may decrease fluxes through pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase. In contrast to VAc, metformin-induced decrease in renal gluconeogenesis may result from a decline of cytosolic oxaloacetate level and consequently PEPCK activity. Following 6 days of VAc administration (1.275 mg Vkg(-1) body weight daily) the blood glucose level in alloxan-diabetic rabbits was normalised while blood glucose changes in control animals were not observed. On the contrary, in diabetic animals treated for 6 days with metformin (200 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1)) a high blood glucose level was maintained. Unfortunately, VAc-treated control and diabetic rabbits exhibited elevated serum urea and creatinine levels. In VAc-treated animals vanadium was accumulated in kidney-cortex up to 7.6+/-0.6 microg Vg(-1) dry weight. In view of a potential vanadium nephrotoxicity a therapeutic application of vanadium compounds needs a critical re-evaluation.
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PMID:Inhibition of gluconeogenesis by vanadium and metformin in kidney-cortex tubules isolated from control and diabetic rabbits. 1196 Jun 14

The whole plant aqueous extract of E. littorale was tested for its hypoglycemic activity on normoglycemic, hyperglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Blood sugar lowering activity was not observed in normoglycemic and glucose loaded hyperglycemic rats in the short time experiment. But in case of diabetic rats, the fall of blood sugar after 30 days treatment with the aqueous extract was found to be significant (P < 0.001). The decrease in the plasma glucose level was accompanied with decrease in the level of glycosylated haemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in liver. The potent anti-diabetic properties of E. littorale has been reported for the first time.
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PMID:Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale Blume (chhota chirayata) on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats. 1255 10

Previous studies in our lab had confirmed the blood glucose lowering effect of E. littorale Blume in alloxan induced diabetic rats with no change in normoglycemic control rats. Present paper deals with dose dependent (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 g dry plant equivalent extract/100 g body wt., p.o.) blood glucose lowering effect of aqueous extract of E. littorale Blume in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The effective dose was found to be 1.5 g dry plant equivalent extract/100 g body wt.. The above dose caused significant decrease in glycosylated haemoglobin, liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity and significant increase in serum insulin levels of the diabetic rats. No significant changes were observed in the toxicity parameters of extract treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control rats. The above results suggest that E. littorale is a potent antidiabetic agent without any toxic effect at this particular dose (1.5 g dry plant equivalent extract/100 g body wt.).
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PMID:Dose dependent hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale blume in alloxan induced diabetic rats. 1272 76

The hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic effect of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharide (ROS) in glucose-induced hyperglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats and its mechanism was investigated in this paper. It was found that pretreatment of ROS in normal rats with 100 mg/kg for 3 days, i.p., induced a partial prevention of hyperglycemia caused by glucose (2g/kg, i.p.), while when hyperglycemia was induced in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats, the preventive effect of ROS on hyperglycemia was lost. In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, ROS (100 mg/kg for 15 days, i.p.) showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity with an increase in hepatic glycogen content. Furthermore, ROS raised plasma insulin level and lowered plasma corticosterone level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The results indicated that oligosaccharide of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. exerted a significant hypoglycemic effect in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The regulatory mechanism of ROS on glucose metabolism was adrenal dependent and had a close relation with the neuroendocrine system.
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PMID:Hypoglycemic effect of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharide in hyperglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats and its mechanism. 1469 6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of daily oral administration of aqueous solution of Boerhaavia diffusa L. leaf extract (BLEt) (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks on blood glucose concentration and hepatic enzymes in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. A significant decrease in blood glucose and significant increase in plasma insulin levels were observed in normal and diabetic rats treated with BLEt. Treatment with BLEt resulted in a significant reduction of glycosylated haemoglobin and an increase in total haemoglobin level. The activities of the hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase was significantly increased and glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased by the administration of BLEt in normal and diabetic rats. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed in the same groups, in which there was a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in rats treated with BLEt. A comparison was made between the action of BLEt and antidiabetic drug-glibenclamide (600 microg/kg). The effect of BLEt was more prominent when compared to glibenclamide.
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PMID:Antidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L.: effect on hepatic key enzymes in experimental diabetes. 1503 78

The effect of Gymnema montanum leaves on alloxan-induced hyperlipidemia was studied in male Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract of G. montanum leaves was administered orally and different doses of the extract on blood glucose, serum and tissue lipids, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides, and glutathione in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were studied. G. montanum leaf extract (GLEt) at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks suppressed the elevated blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. GLEt at 200 mg/kg body weight was found to be comparable to glibenclamide, a reference drug. These data indicate that G. montanum represents an effective antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic adjunct for the treatment of diabetes and a potential source of discovery of new orally active agent for future therapy.
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PMID:Effect of Gymnema montanum leaves on serum and tissue lipids in alloxan diabetic rats. 1506 46

Effect of vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAc), tungstate and molybdate on gluconeogenesis has been studied in isolated hepatocytes and kidney-cortex tubules. In renal tubules of control and alloxan-diabetic animals, the rank order of the metal-compounds-induced (i) inhibition of glucose formation from alanine+glycerol+octanoate or aspartate+glycerol+octanoate, (ii) decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psim), (iii) increase in the hydroxyl free radicals (HFR) generation and (iv) decline in glucose-6-phosphatase activity was the following: VAc > tungstate > molybdate. Moreover, in contrast to VAc, both tungstate and molybdate at 100 microM concentration did not practically decrease glucose production in hepatocytes isolated from diabetic rabbits, and significantly increased the rate of lactate formation in renal tubules. N-acetylcysteine at 2 mM concentration partially attenuated vanadium-induced alterations in glucose formation, delta psim and the cellular glutathione redox state, whereas 0.1 mM melatonin did not abolish vanadium-induced changes in gluconeogenesis despite attenuation of vanadium effects on HFR formation and delta psim decline. However, similarly to control rabbits, following 6 days of intraperitoneal administration of both VAc (1.275 mg V/kg body weight daily) and melatonin (1 mg/kg body weight daily) to alloxan-diabetic animals, vanadium-induced elevated serum creatinine and urea levels were decreased, indicating the beneficial effect of melatonin on diabetes- and vanadium-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. As serum glucose levels were also significantly diminished by vanadium+melatonin treatment of diabetic animals, the combination therapy of vanadium compounds and melatonin needs a careful evaluation.
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PMID:Differential effects of vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum on inhibition of glucose formation in renal tubules and hepatocytes of control and diabetic rabbits: beneficial action of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine. 1536 81

Eclipta alba, an indigenous medicinal plant, has a folk (Siddha and Ayurvedha) reputation in rural southern India as a hypoglycemic agent. In order to confirm this claim, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of E. alba and to study the activities of liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in the liver of control and alloxan-diabetic rats. Oral administration of leaf suspension of E. alba (2 and 4 g/kg body weight) for 60 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose (from 372.0 +/- 33.2 to 117.0 +/- 22.8), glycosylated hemoglobin HbA(1)c, a decrease in the activities of glucose-6 phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and an increase in the activity of liver hexokinase. E. alba at dose of 2 g/kg body weight exhibited better sugar reduction than 4 g/kg body weight. Thus, the present study clearly shows that the oral administration of E. alba possess potent antihyperglycemic activity.
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PMID:Antihyperglycemic activity of Eclipta alba leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 1536 23


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