Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve acid hydrolases, 4 near-neutral hydrolases, and alkaline phosphatase were demonstrated in 0.34 M sucrose homogenates of Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y: p-nitrophenylphosphatase and alpha-naphthylphosphatase, with optimum pH at approximately 6.0; alpha=ga;actpsodase. beta=ga;actpsodase. beta=g;icpsodase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cathepsin A and peptidase I and III, with optimum pH between 5.0 and 6.0; and arylsulfatase, cathepsin D, alpha-arabinase and alpha-mannosidase with optimum pH at approximately 4.0. alpha-Glucosidase, glucose-6-phosphatase and peptidase II had optimum pH at approximately 7.0. beta-Glycerophosphatase had a broad pH-activity curve from 4,0 to 7.4, with maximum activity at pH 7.0. The main kinetic characteristics of these enzymes and their quantitative assay methods were studied. No activity was detected for alpha-fucosidase, beta-xylosidase, beta-glucuronidase, elaidate esterase, acid lipase, and alkaline phosphodiesterase.
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PMID:Acid and neutral hydrolases in Trypanosoma cruzi. Characterization and assay. 4 19

The authors studied the modifications of the activities of some enzymes in cell cultures submitted to the action of biliverdin. This biliary pigment rapidly induces a remarkable increase in alkaline phosphatase and ATP-ase activities and subsequently, an activation of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. On the contrary, 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities remain unchanged. These results are discussed and compared with those obtained in our and other laboratories by using unconjugated bilirubin on different biological substrates.
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PMID:A cytochemical study of some enzyme activities in biliverdin-treated cell cultures. 16 46

The effect of complete subphrenic vagotomy and simultaneous pyloromyotomy on the morphological state and the activities of some intracellular enzymes of the albino rat was studied histochemically. Within the first weeks after vagotomy, the pancreatic acini were found to diminish in size, and the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans became oedematous. In the acini, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, AS naphthol acetate esterase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were observed to decline, but the reactions for beta-glucuronidase and aryl sulphatase showed intensifications and polymorphic behaviour both in acinar and in islet cells. The latter also and particularly the beta-cells simultaneously revealed enhanced activities of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, beta-glucuronidase, and aryl sulphatase, and an entire disappearance of the reaction for glucose-6-phosphatase. The alpha-cells increased their AS naphthol acetate esterase activity. After 5 weeks following vagotomy, morphological and enzymatic changes in the acini and islets were negligible, and after 5 and 9 months no differences were noted between the vagotomized rats and the control animals.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the albino rat pancreas in different periods following vagotomy and simultaneous pyloromyotomy. 17 15

Ultrastructural changes and intracellular enzyme activities in the hepatocytes were studied in rabbits irradiated with 550 rads of gamma rays at 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation. Swelling and marked rarefaction of the mitochondrial matrix observed on the first day were followed by gradual condensation of the matrix between the 6th and 9th day. This state was accompanied by marked reduction in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, ehich gradually returned to the normal by the 30th day of observation. In the hyaloplasm, the most intense changes developed between the third and sixth day and were manifested by clearing of the cytoplasm and marked fragmentation of the endoplasmic membranes, with concurrent negligible decline of the lactate dehydrogenase activity and unchanged glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In the Golgi apparatus, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of smooth membranes were most pronounced on the 6th day and were correlated with a weakened and diffuse reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was irregularly distributed in the lobule. The activities of lysosomal hydrolases, i.e. acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase, had various localizations within the lobules. The strongest deviations from the normal and of longest duration. (up to 9 days) were seen in the Browicz-Kupffer cells. Complex studies on the same material conducted concurrently with the use of different methods showed that radiation damages structure and function in unequal degrees. Moreover, within the same organ the cellular response to ionizing radiation varies according to the character, localization and functional state of the cells. Deviations from the normal state occur between the first and ninth days, most of the structural and functional elements showing sings of return to the normal about the 15th day after irradiation.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of gamma-irradiated rabbits. 18 69

In this first paper of a series comparing the membranes of normal lymphocyte populations from male outbred Syrian hamsters with those of neoplastic transformants (GD 248) induced by simian virus 40, a method is described for the isolation of representative plasma membrane (PM) fragments from both cell types. Multiple criteria were used to monitor the purity and yield of PM material after cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation and after membrane fractionation by a combination of differential centrifugation and isopyknic ultracentrifugation in dextran density gradients. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination before cell disruption was used as an extrinsic surface marker; Na+,K+-activated ATPase, as well as alkaline phosphatase, was used as intrinsic functional PM markers. The distribution of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during fractionation was monitored by the measurement of DNA, succinate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase, beta-glucuronidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, and NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase, respectively. According to the three PM markers employed, a 15- to 20-fold purification (over homogenate) and a PM yield of about 65% were obtained for both cell categories, with negligible contamination by DNA, mitochondria, lysosomes, and er. The procedure also allowed recovery of 60% of the mitochondria free of other cell elements.
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PMID:Membranes of normal hamster lymphocytes and lymphoid cells neoplastically transformed by simian virus 40. I. High-yield purification of plasma membrane fragments. 18 92

The transverse distribution of enzyme proteins and phospholipids within microsomal membranes was studied by analyzing membrane composition after treatment with proteases and phospholipases. Upon trypsin treatment of closed microsomal vesicles, NADH- and NADPH-cytochrome c reductases as well as cytochrome b5 were solubilized or inactivated, while cytochrome P-450 was partially inactivated. When microsomes were exposed to a concentration of deoxycholate which makes them permeable to macromolecules but does not disrupt the membrane, the detergent alone was sufficient to release four enzymes: nucleoside diphosphatase, esterase, beta-glucuronidase, and a portion of the DT-diaphorase. Introduction of trypsin into the vesicle lumen inactivated glucose-6-phosphatase completely and cytochrome P-450 partially. The rest of this cytochrome, ATPase, AMPase, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, and the remaining 50% of DT-diaphorase activity were not affected by proteolysis from either side of the membrane. Phospholipase A treatment of intact microsomes in the presence of albumin hydrolyzed all of the phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and 55% of the phosphatidylcholine. From this observation, it was concluded that these lipids are localized in the outer half of the bilayer of the microsomal membrane; Phosphatidylinositol, 45% of the phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin are tentatively assigned to the inner half of this bilayer. It appears that the various enzyme proteins and phospholipids of the microsomal membrane display an asymmetric distribution in the transverse plane.
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PMID:Enzyme and phospholipid asymmetry in liver microsomal membranes. 19 Feb 41

56 human liver biopsy specimens with insignificant or no histological changes, but with abnormally strong canalicular alkaline phosphatase activity, were studied histochemically for other enzyme changes. In comparison with normal specimens, more extensive and increased canalicular activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase, and increase of canalicular leucine aminopeptidase, was found, while the sinusoidal activity of the latter enzyme was decreased. Staining for adenosine triphosphatase regularly desclosed the normal pattern of sinusoidal and canalicular activity. The lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, stained more intensely than ordinarily, while the reactions for enzymes present in the cytosol (lactic dehydrogenase), in the mitochondria (succinic dehydrogenase, imonoamine oxidase) and in the endoplasmic reticulum (glucose-6-phosphatase) were normal.
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PMID:On histochemical enzyme changes in association with canalicular activity of alkaline phosphatase in human liver. 24 Dec 3

The dermal cells in grey, xanthic, and white goldfish integuments were cytochemically characterized for the following enzymatic activities: tyrosinase, DOPA-oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase, peroxidase, non-specific esterase, cholinesterase, NAD-diaphorase, NADP-diaphorase, aryl sulfatase, nucleotide phosphodiesterase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, aldolase, as well as succinate, malate, isocitrate, glutamate, glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, alpha-glycerophosphate, alcohol, lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases. It was found that the epidermis was a significant barrier to the access of cytochemical reaction substrates. Removal of the epidermal barrier provided dermal cell localizations of enzymatic activities which were reproducible. Further, alterations in reaction times and temperatures from the mammalian methodology provided conditions fe various integumental cells were compared for possible interrelationships. The basic foundations for future work with the dermis of poikilothermic vertebrates on an experimental basis were established. In addition, a previously undescribed non-pigmented dermal cell, the "x"-cell, was found to have enzymatic characteristics similar to both melanophores and lipophores. The "x"-cell may be the common precursor of both types of pigment cells.
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PMID:Cytochemical characterization of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) dermis with special reference to the pigment cells. 82 86

In the presented study the influence of freezing and freeze-drying on enzyme activity is described. Attention is paid to 16 enzymes which can be used for quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques. With the exception of succinate dehydrogenase only, no significant inactivation during freezing and freeze-drying procedures could be demonstrated with lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (NAD+), malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADH-oxydoreductase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, phosphoglucomutase, glucosephosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non specific aryl esterase. Therefore, the results supply a sound foundation for those quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques in which tissue specimens are frozen or frozen-dried before enzyme estimations are performed.
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PMID:The influence of freezing and freeze-drying of tissue specimens on enzyme activity. 87 Apr 61

An attempt has been made to study the protective effect of a new chelating agent named p-amino salicylic acid oxine azo dye complex and metallic zinc on the Ccl4 induced hepatic injury in squirrels. This is probably the first multidisciplinary approaching (histological, histochemical and biochemical), report, employing this chelating agent and zinc together in the cure of a hepatic tissue. Apart from a pathological support, biochemical estimation of two enzymes noticed: Viz glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase were treated as enzymatic denominators in liver cure. It further claims the suitability of the drug for clinical use. However, a detailed mechanism of action of this chelating agent remains practically unknown. It is hypothesized, that chelation of zinc facilitates the peneteration of a drug complex in the hepatic cells. Further zinc serves the purpose of drug transporter. The chelating agent masks the toxic substances (metabolites of Ccl4), which are eventually excreted, but still bound to it. The regeneration progresses speedily after the biomembranes are stabilized.
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PMID:Simultaneous protective effect of a new chelating agent and zinc, on the carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury in squirrels. 89 57


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