Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This work has been carried out to investigate the effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on mice livers after treatment with the ethanolic extract of Citrus reticulata root or the oleo-resin extract from Myrrh of Commiphora molmol tree (Mirazid), as a new antishistosomal drug. Marker enzymes for different cell organelles were measured; succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes; glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase); acid phosphatase (AP) and 5'- nucleotidase. Liver function enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also estimated. Parasitological studies through ova count and worm burden will also be taken into consideration. The results showed a marked reduction in SDH, LDH, AST, and ALT enzyme activities and a significant increase in G-6-Pase, AP, 5'- nucleotidase, and ALP after S. mansoni infection. A noticeable alteration in LDH subunits were also noticed. Treatment with C. reticulata or Mirazid improved all the previous enzyme activities with a noticeable reduction in ova count and worm burden.
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PMID:Efficacy of Citrus reticulata and Mirazid in treatment of Schistosoma mansoni. 1641 Sep 68

Gentamicin (GM) is one of the most important of the aminoglycoside antibiotics used widely for the treatment of serious and life-threatening infections and whose clinical use is limited by its nephrotoxicity. As the pathogenesis of GM-induced renal dysfunction and injury involves reactive oxygen species, the polyphenolic constituents of soybean with antioxidant property may protect against GM-induced renal toxicity. We therefore tested this hypothesis using phenolic extract of soybean (PESB) on GM-induced nephrotoxicity rat model. Administration of GM (80 mg/kg, s.c.) for 12 days to rats induced marked renal failure, characterized by a significantly increased plasma creatinine, urea and Na(+) ions levels, with K(+) depletion. This was also associated with decreases in the activity of the renal antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] measured and depletion of both blood and renal reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. The activities of membrane-bound glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and 5(1)-nucleotidase (5(1)-NTD) enzymes as well as gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (enzymes that are located in the proximal tubule) were decreased. Renal histology examination further confirmed the damage to the kidney as it reveals severe necrosis of the proximal renal tubules with deposition of colloid casts. These alterations were ameliorated in rats pretreated with PESB. The decrease in the activities of SOD, CAT, GST as well as GSH depletion observed in GM-treated rats was prevented in the rats pretreated with PESB. The activities of gamma-GT, AST and G6Pase were also increased in the kidney. These protective effects were dose dependent except for G6Pase activity and GSH levels that were preserved only at 500 mg/kg dose of PESB, and 5'-NTD activity that was dose dependently decreased. Furthermore, the extent of tubular damage induced by GM was reduced in rats that also received PESB. The lower dose (500 mg/kg) of the extract, however, appeared to provide better histological protection. These results suggest that the PESB has protective effects on GM-mediated nephropathy and this may be related to the action of the antioxidant polyphenolic content of the soybean.
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PMID:Modulation of gentamicin-induced renal dysfunction and injury by the phenolic extract of soybean (Glycine max). 1667 61

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) continues to function as a flavor enhancer in West African and Asian diets. The present study examines the modulatory effects of dietary antioxidant vitamin C (VIT C), vitamin E (VIT E) and quercetin on MSG-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidney and brain of rats. In addition, the effect of these antioxidants on the possible genotoxicity of MSG was investigated in a rat bone marrow micronuclei model. MSG administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 4 mg/g body wt markedly increase malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the liver, the kidney and brain of rats. Simultaneous administration of VIT C, VIT E and quercetin to MSG-treated rats significantly reduced this increase in MDA induced by MSG. VIT E reduced lipid peroxidation most in the liver followed by VIT C and then quercetin, while VIT C and quercetin showed a greater ability to protect the brain from membrane damage than VIT E. The decreased glutathione (GSH) level elicited by MSG in the three organs corresponded with marked increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). While MSG increased (P < 0.001) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver, it decreased significantly the activities of these enzymes in the kidney and the brain. The three antioxidants were effective at ameliorating the effects of MSG on GSH levels and the enzymes in the three organs examined. While MSG increased the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver and kidneys of rats (P < 0.001), the activity of the enzyme was abysmally low in the brain. There were marked increases in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in rats treated with MSG. The antioxidants tested protected against MSG-induced liver toxicity significantly. MSG at a dose of 4 mg/g significantly (P < 0.01) induced the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs). Co-treatment of rats with VIT C and quercetin inhibited the induction of MNPCEs by MSG (P < 0.001). VIT E failed to protect against MSG-induced genotoxicity. The results indicate that dietary antioxidants have protective potential against oxidative stress induced by MSG and, in addition, suggest that active oxygen species may play an important role in its genotoxicity.
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PMID:Monosodium glutamate-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in the rat: modulatory role of vitamin C, vitamin E and quercetin. 1802 56

The glucose-6-phosphatase activity of microsomes and phosphorylative mitochondrial activity of liver cells, alanine- and aspartate aminotransferase activities in plasma of blood of young (3 month) and adult (21 month) male rats kept under three various diets resulting in a various degree of a growth inhibition and losses of weight of a body have been studied. There were selected diets giving to animals the food full-valued by composition but limited by quantity. Experiment proceeded 50 days. It was found out various metabolic strategy of adaptation in young and adult animals in reply to this influence. Experimentally this phenomenon revealed itself in various correlations between researched metabolic parameters at young and adult rats. Activity of researched enzymes in adult animals changed in a greater degree in comparison with a base level than at young ones. Researchers suppose that the revealed distinctions of metabolic strategy of adaptation in young and adult animals can be attributed to their generated epigenotypes.
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PMID:[The growth constraining diet causes various strategy of adaptation in young and adult animals]. 1715 19

In the present work the effect of intramuscular administration of 30.000, 50.000 and 100.000 IU of vitamin A palmitate daily for seven days, respectively, on the liver enzyme activity in 45 white male Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 180-200 g, have been studied. The group control was integrated by 15 healthy rats with similar characteristics (strain, gender, age and weight) to treated animals. Food and water consumption and body weights were recorded at the end of the experimental period. Rats were observed for clinical signs of toxicity. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed under ether anesthesia. Liver samples were taken for the determination of enzyme activity. Administration of excess of vitamin A produced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the content of liver vitamin A, determined diverse and variable clinical signs (such as, anorexia, loss of body weight, alopecia, conjunctivitis, external and internal hemorrhages, skin abnormalities and death) and increased (p < 0.05) the activity of the following enzymes: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, acid maltase (acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase), acid proteases, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase while glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase, alpha-amylase, cholinesterase and arginase decreased (p < 0.05) as compared with untreated controls. These changes depend on the doses given of vitamin A. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that short-term administration of high doses of vitamin A determined diverse and variable clinical signs and produces a marked alteration of activity of liver enzymes.
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PMID:[Clinical and biochemical alterations in rats treated with high doses of vitamin A]. 1827

Synergistic therapeutic potential of ferritin (5mg/kg, i.p.) and propolis (honeybee hive product; 200mg/kg, p.o.) was analyzed to encounter the beryllium induced biochemical and ultra morphological alterations. Female albino rats were exposed to beryllium nitrate (1mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 days followed by treatment of above mentioned therapeutic agents either individually or in combination for five consecutive days. Exposure to beryllium increased its concentration in serum, liver and kidney and significantly altered the activities of CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymes, microsomal lipid peroxidation and microsomal proteins. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin, protein, creatinine and urea in serum as well as hemoglobin and blood glucose level; activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, total protein contents, glycogen contents, lipid peroxidation and glutathione level in liver and kidney were significantly altered after beryllium administration. Beryllium exposure severely altered ultramorphology of liver and kidney that proved its toxic consequences at cellular level. Ferritin in combination with propolis dramatically reversed the alterations of these variables towards control in a synergistic manner concluding its beneficial effects over monotherapy in attenuating beryllium induced systemic toxicity.
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PMID:Synergistic effects of ferritin and propolis in modulation of beryllium induced toxicogenic alterations. 1862 18

The hepatoprotective activity of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds, and its purified fractions was investigated in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). The ability of vitamin E to attenuate the toxicity was also examined. KV was extracted from powdered seeds of G. kola and then separated by thin-layer chromatography into three fractions--Fraction I (FI), Fraction II (FII), and Fraction III (FIII), with ratio of fronts values of 0.48, 0.71, and 0.76, respectively. Pretreatment with KV, FI, and FII at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight for 2 weeks and then challenge with CCl(4) at a dose of 1.2 g/kg of body weight, three times a week for 2 consecutive weeks, decreased the CCl(4)-induced increase in activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 31%, 30%, and 31% and 41%, 55%, and 42%, respectively. CCl(4) intoxication also caused a significant (P < .05) accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products as revealed by the formation of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances: CCl(4) induced LPO levels in serum and microsomes by 112% and 89%, respectively. However, pretreatment with KV, FI, and FII decreased LPO levels in serum by 31%, 41%, and 40% and in microsomes by 48%, 39%, and 35%, respectively. Vitamin E was protective in reducing the CCl(4)-induced increase in levels of AST, ALT, and gamma-glutamyl transferase as well as LPO. Furthermore, CCl(4) intoxication significantly (P < .05) decreased the activities of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase, aniline hydroxylase, and cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST). While pretreatments with KV, FI, and FII were able to ameliorate the levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and GST, there were no significant (P > .05) effects on the levels of aniline hydroxylase and DT-diaphorase. This study confirms that FI and FII from KV enhanced recovery from CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the extent of LPO and also inducing the levels of phase II enzyme (GST). These fractions are responsible for the observed antihepatotoxic effect of KV.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective activity of purified fractions from Garcinia kola seeds in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. 1880 Sep 5

Withania somnifera is an important medicinal plant, which is used in traditional medicine to cure many diseases. Flavonoids were determined in the extracts of W. somnifera root (WSREt) and leaf (WSLEt). The amounts of total flavonoids found in WSREt and WSLEt were 530 and 520 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), respectively. Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of WSREt and WSLEt were also investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. WSREt and WSLEt and the standard drug glibenclamide were orally administered daily to diabetic rats for eight weeks. After the treatment period, urine sugar, blood glucose, haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), liver glycogen, serum and tissues lipids, serum and tissues proteins, liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) and serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were determined. The levels of urine sugar, blood glucose, HbA1C, G6P, AST, ALT, ACP, ALP, serum lipids except high density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol (HDL-c) and tissues like liver, kidney and heart lipids were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, however Hb, total protein, albumin, albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio, tissues protein and glycogen were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Treatment of the diabetic rats with WSREt, WSLEt and glibenclamide restored the changes of the above parameters to their normal level after eight weeks of treatment, indicating that WSREt and WSLEt possess hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats.
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PMID:Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of Withania somnifera root and leaf extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 1956 54

The effect of carbofuran administration to rats has been studied on enzymes functions in rat intestine. Carbofuran was administrated 4.0 mg/kg body weight for 7 days or 2.8 mg/kg body weight for 30 days daily by Ryle's tube. Animals given carbofuran for 30 days exhibited retarded growth compared to control group. The activities of sucrase (56%), alkaline phosphatase (62%), leucine aminopeptidase (56%), and gamma-glutamyl trans peptidase (84%) were enhanced in animals given carbofuran for 7 days. Enhancement in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and leucine amino peptidase (92-96%) was also observed in animals exposed to carbofuran for 30 days, but the activities of sucrase (28%) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (49%) were reduced under these conditions. There was no change in activities of maltase, lactase, and trehalase in pesticide-treated animals for 7 or 30 days. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase was enhanced (p < 0.001) in 7 days and 30 days induced carbofuran toxicity. The activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase were also enhanced (p < 0.001) in pesticide-treated animals for 7 days, but were reduced by 46% and 26%, respectively, after 30 days of carbofuran exposure. The activity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase was unaltered in carbofuran toxicity. Kinetic analysis of brush border enzymes revealed a change in V(max) with no change in apparent Km. Western blot analysis of brush border sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase corroborated the enzyme activity data. Intestinal histological revealed distruption of the villi, and comet assay showed disintegration of DNA in enterocytes of animals exposed to carbofuran for 30 days. These findings suggest that carbofuran toxicity may modulate digestive functions in rat intestine.
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PMID:Subacute effects of carbofuran on enzyme functions in rat small intestine. 1977 59

The present study was designed to demonstrate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-ward, a Unani herbal formulation. The Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-ward (MD) at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o. was administered after carbon-tetrachloride (CCl(4); 1.5 ml/kg, i.p. once only) intoxication. Treatment with MD at three doses brought the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, albumin and urea in dose dependent manner. Signification reduction was found in TBARS content and restored the level of reduced glutathione, adenosine triphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase in liver. Therapy of MD showed its protective effect on biochemical and histopathological observation at all the three doses in a dose dependent manner. The study conducted showed that MD possesses strong hepatoprotective activity as decrease the hexobarbitone sleep time and improvement in physiological parameter, excretory capacity (BSP retention time) was seen. DPPH and H(2)O(2) scavenging effects indicated its potent antioxidant activities. The results revealed that MD could afford significant dose-dependent protection against CCl(4) induced hepatocellular injury.
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PMID:Evaluation of the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-ward against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. 2137 73


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