Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
 3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experiments with albino rats it was found that after administration of phytobacteriomycin, trichotecin, hygromycin B or levoristatin into the stomach in doses of 1/20 of LD50 activity of the microsomal enzymes of the liver cells significantly changed and the changes persisted within at least 2 weeks. The above antibiotics induced similar changes in the lysosome enzyme, i.e. acid phosphatase, providing an increase in its activity. Changes in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (mytochondria indicator enzyme), glucose-6-phosphatase (ribosome indicator enzyme) and aspartate aminotransferase (cytoplasm indicator enzyme) were different for each antibiotic. It is concluded that the above antibiotics were capable of impairing on intoxication the enzymatic function of various cell microstructures, though the levels of the change direction may be different.
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PMID:[Effect of phytobacteriomycin, trichotecin, hygromycin B and levoristatin on some rat liver enzymes]. 5 75

The distribution of succinic dehydrogenase, HApi-diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphatase was studied by means of the incubation of whole cestodes. Succinic dehydrogenase, NAD-diaphorase and glucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase are connected in general with the fixating apparatus of the scolex and genital organs; phosphatases -- with the integument tissues, excretory system and calcareous corpuscles. The results obtained are in complete agreement with the available data on the distribution of the enzymes studied. The incubation method of whole cestodes can be useful for field works.
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PMID:[Distribution of certain enzymes in totally stained Cestode preparations]. 6 56

Male Wistar rats were given 50 mug of aflatoxin B1 twice a week for 4 weeks, and thereafter 75 mug twice a week for 10 weeks. Their livers were investigated histologically and histochemically for glycogen, RNA, fat, alkaline and acid phosphatases, adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, and alkaline and acid nucleases. No significant lesions occurred before 15 weeks. During this period, the liver was histochemically unchanged except for a periportal decrease of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Scattered hepatocytes with a strong glucose-6-phosphatase activity appeared. These changes represent toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and are irrelevant to carcinogenesis. From 15 weeks onward, three types of liver cell hyperplastic foci and nodules developed. Histologically, and with respect to glycogen, fat, and RNA content, only two of these types were considered as potential precursors of hepatocarcinomas. However, all types exhibited a decrease or absence of the enzymes studied. Both histological and histochemical changes stressed the complex heterogeneity existing between and within hepatic foci and nodules. From 11 months on, hepatocarcinomas developed. The tumors disclosed similar histochemical changes. This similarity further supports the "precarcinomatous" nature of hyperplastic foci and nodules. It appears that focal changes in surface as well as in cytoplasmic and nuclear enzymes are intimately and very early linked to the carcinogenic process. Whether they are fundamental or only represent an epiphenomenon remains unclear.
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PMID:Sequential histological and histochemical study of the rat liver during aflatoxin B1-induced carcinogenesis. 16 70

Plasma membranes were isolated from rat liver mainly under isotonic conditions. As marker enzymes for the plasma membrane, 5'-nucleotidase and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase were used. The yield of plasma membrane was 0.6-0.9 mg protein per g wet weight of liver. The recovery of 5'-nucleotidase and (Na+ +K+)-ATPase activity was 18 and 48% of the total activity of the whole-liver homogenate, respectively. Judged from the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase in the plasma membrane, and from the electron microscopic observation of it, the contamination by microsomes and mitochondria was very low. A further homogenization of the plasma membrane yielded two fractions, the light and heavy fractions, in a discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The light fraction showed higher specific activities of 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, (Na+ +K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase, whereas the heavy one showed a higher specific activity of adenylate cyclase. Ligation of the bile duct for 48 h decreased the specific activities of (Na2+ +K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in the light fraction, whereas it had no significant influence on the activities of these enzymes in the heavy fraction. The specific activity of alkaline phosphate was elevated in both fractions by the obstruction of the bile flow. Electron microscopy on sections of the plasma membrane subfractions showed that the light fraction consisted of vesicles of various sizes and that the heavy fractions contained membrane sheets and paired membrane strips connected by junctional complexes, as well as vesicles. The origin of these two fractions is discussed and it is suggested that the light fraction was derived from the bile front of the liver cell surface and the heavy one contained the blood front and the lateral surface of it.
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PMID:Subfractionation of rat liver plasma membrane. Uneven distribution of plasma membrane-bound enzymes on the liver cell surface. 17 48

The effect of complete subphrenic vagotomy and simultaneous pyloromyotomy on the morphological state and the activities of some intracellular enzymes of the albino rat was studied histochemically. Within the first weeks after vagotomy, the pancreatic acini were found to diminish in size, and the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans became oedematous. In the acini, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, AS naphthol acetate esterase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were observed to decline, but the reactions for beta-glucuronidase and aryl sulphatase showed intensifications and polymorphic behaviour both in acinar and in islet cells. The latter also and particularly the beta-cells simultaneously revealed enhanced activities of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, beta-glucuronidase, and aryl sulphatase, and an entire disappearance of the reaction for glucose-6-phosphatase. The alpha-cells increased their AS naphthol acetate esterase activity. After 5 weeks following vagotomy, morphological and enzymatic changes in the acini and islets were negligible, and after 5 and 9 months no differences were noted between the vagotomized rats and the control animals.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the albino rat pancreas in different periods following vagotomy and simultaneous pyloromyotomy. 17 15

The distribution of succinic dehydrogenase, (see article), glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphatase was studied by means of the incubation of whole cestodes. Succinic dehydrogenase, NAD-diaphorase and glucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase are connected in general with the fixating apparatus of the scolex and genital organs; phosphatases -- with the integument tissues, excretory system and calcareous corpuscles. The results obtained are in complete agreement with the available data on the distribution of the enzymes studied. The incubation method of whole cestodes can be useful for field works.
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PMID:[Distribution of some enzymes in totally stained preparations of cestodes]. 17 33

The activities of key gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver of newborn guinea pigs delivered vaginally at term were monitored as a function of time following birth. The activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase did not show a significant increase over the first 72 h of life, neither did the activity of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate carboxylase and the cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) both increased significantly in the first 24 h postpartum. Mitochondrial protein and succinate dehydrogenase activities showed only slight increases in the 72-hour period. Rapid depletion of liver glycogen was evident in these animals following birth, but severe hypoglycaemia was not evident. Mitochondrial and cytosolic PEPCK showed similar kinetic behaviour with respect to their affinities for oxalacetate and divalent metal cation Mn++, though the mitochondrial enzyme would accept Mg++ as the divalent metal in place of Mn++. The role of the compartmented PEPCK activities is discussed.
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PMID:Development of gluconeogenic enzymes in the newborn guinea pig. 17 23

Morphologic studies of the developing, gestational, and involuting corpus luteum show that rapid structural changes occur and that involution is not associated with an appropriate inflammatory response. Histochemical techniques were used to demonstrate several patterns of enzyme activity. The luteunized granulosa cells stained with increasing intensity for lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, but reactivity for these enzymes dropped markedly with early involution, and staining was never conspicuous in the organizing cavity. Reactions for acid phosphatase, glucosaminidase, galactosidase, glucuronidase, and nonspecific esterase were also present in the developing corpus luteum, but staining decreased more slowly during involution and was prominent in the occasional macrophages in the granulosa and the granulation tissue in the cavity. Staining was moderately intense for all of the enzymes in the corpus luteum of pregnancy. The decrease in activity for these metabolic enzymes confirms the histologic impression of degeneration, but the loss of staining for lysosomal enzymes was more rapid than expected. The latter finding complicates the hypothesis of involution of involution of the corpus luteum as an example of programmed cell death.
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PMID:Observations on the human corpus luteum: histochemical changes during development and involution. 18 5

Ultrastructural changes and intracellular enzyme activities in the hepatocytes were studied in rabbits irradiated with 550 rads of gamma rays at 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation. Swelling and marked rarefaction of the mitochondrial matrix observed on the first day were followed by gradual condensation of the matrix between the 6th and 9th day. This state was accompanied by marked reduction in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, ehich gradually returned to the normal by the 30th day of observation. In the hyaloplasm, the most intense changes developed between the third and sixth day and were manifested by clearing of the cytoplasm and marked fragmentation of the endoplasmic membranes, with concurrent negligible decline of the lactate dehydrogenase activity and unchanged glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In the Golgi apparatus, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of smooth membranes were most pronounced on the 6th day and were correlated with a weakened and diffuse reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was irregularly distributed in the lobule. The activities of lysosomal hydrolases, i.e. acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase, had various localizations within the lobules. The strongest deviations from the normal and of longest duration. (up to 9 days) were seen in the Browicz-Kupffer cells. Complex studies on the same material conducted concurrently with the use of different methods showed that radiation damages structure and function in unequal degrees. Moreover, within the same organ the cellular response to ionizing radiation varies according to the character, localization and functional state of the cells. Deviations from the normal state occur between the first and ninth days, most of the structural and functional elements showing sings of return to the normal about the 15th day after irradiation.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of gamma-irradiated rabbits. 18 69

In this first paper of a series comparing the membranes of normal lymphocyte populations from male outbred Syrian hamsters with those of neoplastic transformants (GD 248) induced by simian virus 40, a method is described for the isolation of representative plasma membrane (PM) fragments from both cell types. Multiple criteria were used to monitor the purity and yield of PM material after cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation and after membrane fractionation by a combination of differential centrifugation and isopyknic ultracentrifugation in dextran density gradients. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination before cell disruption was used as an extrinsic surface marker; Na+,K+-activated ATPase, as well as alkaline phosphatase, was used as intrinsic functional PM markers. The distribution of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during fractionation was monitored by the measurement of DNA, succinate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase, beta-glucuronidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, and NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase, respectively. According to the three PM markers employed, a 15- to 20-fold purification (over homogenate) and a PM yield of about 65% were obtained for both cell categories, with negligible contamination by DNA, mitochondria, lysosomes, and er. The procedure also allowed recovery of 60% of the mitochondria free of other cell elements.
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PMID:Membranes of normal hamster lymphocytes and lymphoid cells neoplastically transformed by simian virus 40. I. High-yield purification of plasma membrane fragments. 18 92


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