Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
 3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) were determined in homogenates of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms and compared with the activities in homogenates of rat liver and rat skeletal muscle, tissues with a high and a low gluconeogenic capacity, respectively. All four gluconeogenic enzymes were present in S. mansoni. The enzymes were less active than in rat liver, but the activities of G6Pase, PEPCK and PC were at least an order of magnitude higher than in rat skeletal muscle whereas FBPase was approximately equally active in S. mansoni and in rat muscle. Experiments with 14C-labelled substrates or [14C]NaHCO3 failed to demonstrate the actual occurrence of gluconeogenesis in S. mansoni. Some possible other functions of the gluconeogenic enzymes were investigated. Experiments with inhibitors of PEPCK gave no indications that this enzyme was involved in the degradation of glucose. This was confirmed by 13C-NMR experiments which indicated that lactate was formed from phosphoenolpyruvate via the actions of pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and that PEPCK did not participate in the formation of lactate. Substrate cycling between fructose-6-dehydrogenase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate was demonstrated to occur in adult S. mansoni. This shows that FBPase participates in the glucose metabolism of this parasite.
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PMID:The enigmatic presence of all gluconeogenic enzymes in Schistosoma mansoni adults. 164 28

Fetal liver was examined in rats, whose mothers during pregnancy received Turinal (firm: Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter LTD Budapest, Hungary) in a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg BW in the experimental group I and 1 mg/kg BW in the experimental group II. Reaction to the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, PAS-reaction (Periodic acid Schiff reaction) and hematoxylin-eosin staining were carried out. Changes in the activity of examined enzymes and PAS-reaction in fetal liver depending on dosage were observed. These changes testify to a large influence of administered hormone on metabolism of developing fetal liver.
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PMID:[Effect of progestagens administered during pregnancy on histochemical reaction in fetal liver]. 167 38

Primary cultures of renal rabbit proximal tubule cells were initiated from a pure suspension of proximal tubule fragments. Proximal tubule cells were grown in a hormone-supplemented, serum-free medium containing low concentrations of antibiotics. Confluent monolayers exhibited multicellular dome formation, indicating the presence of transepithelial solute and water transport. Ultrastructural examination revealed a monolayer of polarized epithelial cells with tight junctions and sparse membraneous microvilli facing the culture medium. Time course biochemical characterization was performed using a palette of 12 enzymes, representative of important metabolic functions or pathways. Brush-border-associated enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminopeptidase) were moderately reduced throughout the culture whereas alkaline phosphatase was markedly decreased at confluency. Mitochondrial and lysosomal marker enzymes were well preserved over the culture period. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained stable during the 16-day culture period investigated. Glycolysis enzyme activities (lactate dehydrogenase and hexokinase) were enhanced, as a function of culture age. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity rise was concomitant with the increase of glycolysis marker enzymes. In contrast, the gluconeogenesis marker enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, fell dramatically to reach a low level equivalent to 4% of the activity measured in isolated proximal tubules. Primary cultures exhibited several differentiated functions of the proximal tubule cell: (a) PTH alone was able to induce a significant stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity, unlike isoproterenol, thyrocalcitonin, and arginine vasopressin, and (b) sodium-dependent alpha-methylglucoside (AMG) transport was detected. This AMG uptake was selectively inhibited by phlorizin (5 X 10(-3) M), which is a competitive inhibitor of glucose uptake at the apical membrane. Complete characterization made it possible to investigate hitherto unexplored aspects of in vitro cultured proximal tubule cells. This primary culture model could provide a useful and reliable tool to investigate in vitro renal proximal tubule function, under normal conditions or after a drug-induced toxicity.
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PMID:Biochemical, functional, and morphological characterization of a primary culture of rabbit proximal tubule cells. 167

Oral administration of embelin (75 mg/kg per day, daily for 15 and 30 days) to male rats caused significant elevation in the uptake of D-glucose, L-alanine, L-leucine and calcium in small intestinal segments. Embelin also produced significant increases in intestinal brush border membrane-associated enzymes (sucrase, lactase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase) in both intestinal homogenates and partially purified brush border membrane preparations. Significant increases were also noted for microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase and cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase. Increase in brush border membrane-associated total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, unesterified fatty acids and ganglioside sialic acid were seen but not in the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio. All these changes returned to control or near control levels following withdrawal of the drug.
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PMID:Effects of embelin, a male antifertility agent, on absorptive and digestive functions of rat intestine. 192 15

Haemonchus contortus, incubated in 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml concentrations of Nilzan and albendazole in Tyrode solution were stained for histoenzymatic demonstration of various phosphatases, oxido-reductases and esterases. The intestine showed major alterations after drug treatments. The alkaline phosphatases (AkPase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase showed a decreased activity in intestine after Nilzan treatment, whereas lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and monoamine oxidase resisted increased reaction. The albendazole treatment resulted in altered distribution pattern of the AkPase, ATPase, SDH, and GDH; while LDH, G-6-PD, and non-specific esterases exhibited slightly enhanced activity in the epithelium. The functional significance of these changes has been fully discussed.
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PMID:Effect of Nilzan and albendazole on the absorptive surfaces of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda)--a histoenzymic study. 196 79

Treatment of rats with diazinon (40 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in hyperglycaemia and depletion of glycogen from the brain and peripheral tissues two hours after administration. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase were significantly higher in the brain and liver; that of glucose-6-phosphatase was not altered. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased only in the brain. The cholinesterase activity in the brain was reduced by treatment with diazinon. The activities of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes fructose 1,6-diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were significantly increased. The lactate level was increased in the brain and blood, whereas that of pyruvate was not changed. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not changed to any major extent. Cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents of adrenals were depleted in diazinon-treated animals. The changes were pronounced after intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg diazinon, they were slight but significant after 20 mg/kg, and absent after 10 mg/kg. Hyperglycaemia and changes in carbohydrate metabolism were abolished by adrenalectomy suggesting possible involvement of adrenals.
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PMID:The role of adrenals in diazinon-induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism in rats. 209 50

The neurochemical changes induced by malathion, an organophosphate compound, were determined in rats. Maximal changes were found in the brain 2 h after the administration of malathion in a dose of 500 mg/kg ip. The activities of cholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase were reduced whereas those of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, and hexokinase were increased; the lactate content of brain was also increase. In malathion treated adrenalectomized animals, changes in the activities of cerebral cholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase were still present; other changes were, however, abolished by adrenalectomy. Activities of certain enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase were not significantly altered by malathion in normal or adrenalectomized animals. The results indicate that cerebral cholinergic mechanism in malathion treated animals was not modified by adrenalectomy which, however, abolished or reduced changes in the activities of certain glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes that are involved in the utilization or metabolism of glucose. The brain lactate content in malathion treated adrenalectomized animals was, also, not significantly different from the control values, suggesting that modification of induced changes by adrenalectomy.
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PMID:Modification of malathion induced neurochemical changes by adrenalectomy in rats. 209 80

Administration of Embelin, an experimental antifertility agent, to male rats (20 mg/kg body wt/day, daily for 15 and 30 days), caused an elevation in the uptake of D-glucose, L-alanine, L-leucine, and calcium in the small intestinal segments. An increase was also noted in the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM)-associated enzymes, sucrase, lactase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase in both the intestinal homogenates and partially purified BBM preparations, particularly after 30-day administration of the drug. Embelin treatment also caused a significant increase in the microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase and the cytosolic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase. In the Embelin-treated animals BBM-associated total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, unesterified fatty acids, ganglioside-sialic acids as well as the cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio showed a considerable increase. All these changes in the Embelin-treated animals were restored back to the normal or near normal biochemical makeup when the drug therapy was withdrawn and the animals were allowed to recover for another 15 and 30 days, respectively.
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PMID:Changes in glucose/amino acid/calcium uptake and brush-border membrane-associated enzymes in rat small intestine after the administration of embelin (plant benzoquinone), an antifertility agent. 211 47

In Calotes versicolor, thyroidectomy did not alter the blood glucose level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH liver and heart), acid phosphatase (Ac.Pase liver and kidney), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk.Pase liver and kidney) activities; significantly decreased the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase liver and kidney), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT liver and heart), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT liver), and urea concentration (liver and kidney); and increased liver cholesterol when compared to sham-operated controls. Administration of L-thyroxine (L-T4) or triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) to thyroidectomized lizards significantly stimulated the activities of G-6-Pase, Ac.Pase, GOT and GPT, concentration of glucose and urea, and decreased the cholesterol level. While the activities of all the enzymes studied and cholesterol level remain unchanged, glucose and urea levels decreased and increased, respectively, in thyroidectomized animals treated with actinomycin D. Chloramphenicol treatment did not affect any of the parameters studied. Simultaneous injections of actinomycin D or chloramphenicol with L-T4 prevented the hormone-stimulated activities of Ac.Pase, GOT, and GPT while the activities of LDH, G-6-Pase, Alk.Pase, glucose, urea, and cholesterol levels remain unchanged.
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PMID:Intermediary metabolism in a lizard, Calotes versicolor: role of thyroid hormones. 215 52

Treatment with diazinon (40 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in hyperglycemia and depletion of glycogen from cerebral and peripheral tissues 2 hr after its administration in rats. The activities of the glycogenolytic enzymes glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase were increased significantly in brain and liver, whereas that of glucose-6-phosphatase was not altered. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased only in the brain. The cholinesterase activity of the brain was reduced by treatment with diazinon. The activities of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes fructose 1,6-diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were also increased significantly in diazinon-treated animals. The level of lactate was increased in brain and blood, whereas that of pyruvate was not changed. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not changed significantly. The cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents of adrenals were depleted in diazinon-treated animals. The hyperglycemia and changes in carbohydrate metabolism were abolished by adrenalectomy, suggesting the possible involvement of the adrenals in the induced changes in diazinon-treated animals.
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PMID:Modification of diazinon-induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism by adrenalectomy in rats. 234 75


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