Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
 3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High intake of dietary fructose has been shown to exert a number of adverse metabolic eff ects in humans and experimental animals. The present study was designed to investigate the eff ect of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem (TCAE) on the adverse eff ects of fructose loading toward carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats. Adult male Wistar rats of body weight around 200 g were divided into four groups, two of which were fed with starch diet and the other two with high fructose (66 %) diet. Plant extract of TC (400 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to each group of the starch fed rats and the highfructose fed rats. At the end of 60 days of experimental period, biochemical parameters related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were assayed. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and elevated levels of hepatic total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids (p < 0.05) observed in fructose-fed rats were completely prevented with TCAE treatment. Alterations in the activities of enzymes of glucose metabolism (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and lipid metabolism (fatty acid synthetase, lipoprotein lipase, and malic enzyme) as observed in the high fructose-fed rats were prevented with TCAE administration. In conclusion, our fi ndings indicate improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fructose fed rats by treatment with Tinospora cordifolia, and suggest that the plant can be used as an adjuvant for the prevention and/or management of insulin resistance and disorders related to it.
 ...
PMID:Beneficiary effect of Tinospora cordifolia against high-fructose diet induced abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. 1976 7

During diabetes mellitus, endogenous hepatic glucose production is increased as a result of impaired activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, which leads to the condition known as hyperglycemia. D-pinitol, a bioactive constituent isolated from soybeans, has been shown to reduce hyperglycemia in experimental diabetes. We therefore designed this study to investigate the effect of oral administration of D-pinitol (50 mg/kg b. w. for 30 days) on the activities of key enzymes in carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in the liver tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The efficacy was compared with glyclazide, a standard hypoglycemic drug. Oral administration of D-pinitol to diabetic group of rats showed a marked decrease in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and an increase in plasma insulin and body weight. The activities of the hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and hepatic glycogen content were significantly (p < 0.05) increased whereas the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen phosphorylase were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in diabetic rats treated with D-pinitol. The results suggest that alterations in the activities of key metabolic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism could be one of the biochemical rationale by which D-pinitol attenuates the hyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats.
 ...
PMID:D-pinitol attenuates the impaired activities of hepatic key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 2003 88

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diosmin on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Diosmin was administered to streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg b.w) diabetic rats at different doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.w) for 45 days to assess its effect on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, it was found that plasma glucose was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the diabetic control. In addition, oral administration of diosmin (100mg/kg b.w) significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin and increased hemoglobin and plasma insulin. The activities of the hepatic key enzymes such as hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly increased whereas, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased. Furthermore, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals was also observed. These results showed that diosmin has potential antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.
 ...
PMID:Antihyperglycemic effect of diosmin on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. 2036 9

We have shown that separate dose of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. exerts antidiabetic potential in streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg b.w.) nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. In the present study we have attempted to compare the antihyperglycemic activity exerted by the combined treatment of THC/CGA with THC and CGA alone treated diabetic rats. After the experimental period of 45 days we observed that supplementation with combined dose of THC/CGA significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)) and increased the levels of plasma insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin and glycogen which were decreased upon STZ treatment and also significantly reversed the altered activities of gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and of glycolytic enzymes such as glucokinase and hexokinase in the tissues of experimental rats as compared to their individual supplementation. Thus our results substantiate that though THC and CGA alone found to exert hypoglycemic activity the maximum hypoglycemic effect was always observed in diabetic rats treated THC/CGA and this summed effect seems to have a promising value for the development of a potent phytomedicine for diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Combined treatment of tetrahydrocurcumin and chlorogenic acid exerts potential antihyperglycemic effect on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. 2037 77

Protein malnutrition in utero that induces permanent changes in metabolism has been investigated intensively in various animals in recent years, but to the best of our knowledge, not yet in the mink, a strict carnivore. In the present study, minks were fed either a low-protein (LP) diet, i.e., with a protein:fat:carbohydrate ratio of 14:51:35% of metabolisable energy (ME), or an adequate-protein diet (AP), i.e. 29:56:15% of ME, from when implantation was completed until parturition (17.9 +/- 3.6 days). Respiration and balance experiments were performed during both gestation and lactation. Plasma concentrations of leptin, IGF-1, and insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay; the relative abundances of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-1,6-P2ase), phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and pyruvate kinase (PKM2) were determined in liver, and abundances of adiponectin and leptin in adipose tissue were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (q PCR). The protein supply only affected quantitative metabolism traits during the period of differentiated feeding. The dietary composition was reflected in the nitrogen metabolism and substrate oxidation, but no effects remained during lactation. The LP dams tended to have a smaller liver mass in relation to body weight than did AP dams (2.5% vs. 2.9%; p = 0.09), significantly less leptin mRNA (p < 0.05), and 30.6% fewer kits per mated female (p = 0.03). Furthermore, F1-generation kits exposed to protein restriction during foetal life (FLP1; 10.3 g) had a lower birth weight (p = 0.004) than did F1-generation kits exposed to adequate protein (FAP1; 11.3 g). Differences remained significant until 21 days of age (120.4 g vs. 127.6 g; p = 0.005). The FLP1 foetuses displayed a lower abundance of Fru-1,6-P2ase mRNA (p = 0.007) and of PKM2 mRNA (p = 0.002) than did FAP1 foetuses. Whether these changes during foetal life cause permanent changes in the glucose homeostasis of the offspring and result in the transmission of epigenetic phenotypic changes, as seen in the rat, needs further investigation.
 ...
PMID:Effect of late gestation low protein supply to mink (Mustela vison) dams on reproductive performance and metabolism of dam and offspring. 2049 62

Cassia auriculata traditionally has been used to treat diabetes from ancient times. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action for the antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extract of C. auriculata (CLEt) in streptozotocin-induced mildly diabetic (MD) and severely diabetic (SD) rats. CLEt was orally administered to MD and SD rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg once a day for 15 days. CLEt-treated MD and SD rats showed significant reduction in fasting blood glucose. Assessment of plasma insulin and C-peptide following treatment with CLEt revealed significant elevation in their levels. Administration of CLEt enhanced the activity of hepatic hexokinase and phosphofructokinase and suppressed glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in both MD and SD rats. A significant rise in glycogen content was also observed in both liver and muscles of CLEt-fed MD and SD rats. Histopathological examination of pancreatic sections revealed increased number of islets and beta-cells in CLEt-treated MD as well as SD rats. The findings of the study suggest that the antidiabetic effect of CLEt could be due to its insulinogenic action. In addition, impaired glucose homeostasis was improved by feeding the extract through amelioration in the carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Thus, the extract may exert an antidiabetic effect through pancreatic as well as extrapancreatic action.
 ...
PMID:Elucidation of mechanism of action of Cassia auriculata leaf extract for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 2052 78

The in vivo effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on hepatic glycogen content and on glucose metabolizing enzymes was investigated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 0.6% (w/w) DHEA in the diet for 3, 7, 14, 28 and 140 days. The glycolytic enzymes studied (glucokinase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase) showed a significant persistent decrease in activity in both sexes after 3-7 days of treatment. Gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) were increased after 3 days, but decreased after 7-14 days. Glycolytic enzymes showed a stronger reduction than gluconeogenic enzymes. Females were slightly more affected than males. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was unchanged in females, but increased in males. Glycogen content and the activity of glycogen phosphorylase were reduced after 3 days of treatment. mRNA analysis of glucokinase and phosphorylase indicated that these enzyme alterations were accompanied by reduced transcriptional expression, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels were unchanged. Withdrawal of DHEA from 4 week-treated rats was associated with an almost complete reversibility of the enzyme alterations after 2 weeks. After long-term treatment (140 days) glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities were no longer altered. Since DHEA treatment affects the key enzymes of glucose metabolic pathways in the same sense, it is suggested that DHEA does not regulate individual enzymes but rather common regulatory factors or signalling pathways.
 ...
PMID:Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces expression of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver of male and female rats. 2154 66

Fisetin (3, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a bioflavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. It exhibits a wide variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects. Recently we have reported the hypoglycemic actions of fisetin. Oral administration of fisetin (10mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days established a significant (P<0.05) decline in blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and a significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma insulin level. In the present study the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were assayed to establish the modulatory actions of fisetin in maintaining the glucose homeostasis. The altered activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were significantly (P<0.05) reverted to near normalcy by the administration of fisetin. Thus, fisetin regulates carbohydrate metabolism by modulating the key regulatory enzymes in the hepatic and renal tissues of diabetic rats.
 ...
PMID:Modulatory effects of fisetin, a bioflavonoid, on hyperglycemia by attenuating the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in hepatic and renal tissues in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 2181 45

In the present study, the effect of alcoholic stem extract of Gymnema montanum (GMSt) on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes were studied in experimental diabetes. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg bw). Five days after STZ induction, diabetic rats received GMSt orally at the doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg daily for 3 weeks. Graded doses of stem extract showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and improvement in plasma insulin levels. The effect was more pronounced in 100 and 200mg/kg than 50mg/kg. GMSt showed significant increase in hexokinase, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen content in liver of diabetic rats while there was significant reduction in the levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. The present study clearly indicated significant antidiabetic effect with the stem extract of G. montanum and lends support for its traditional usage.
 ...
PMID:Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic stem extract of Gymnema montanum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 2197 19

Rebaudioside A (Reb A), a major constituent of Stevia rebaudiana, was recently proposed as an insulinotropic agent. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of Reb A on the activities of hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male Albino Wistar rats, weighing 180-200 g, by a single intraperitoneal injection at a dose of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. Activities of gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly (P<0.05) increased while hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the liver along with glycogen. Oral treatment with Reb A to diabetic rats significantly (P<0.05) decreased blood glucose and reversed these hepatic carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in a significant manner. Histopathology changes of pancreas confirmed the protective effects of Reb A in diabetic rats. Thus, the results show that Reb A possesses an antihyperglycemic activity and provide evidence for its traditional usage in the control of diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Effect of Rebaudioside A, a diterpenoid on glucose homeostasis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. 2237 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>