Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.9 (glucose-6-phosphatase)
3,081 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Permeability of hepatocyte cell membrane was studied from the release into blood of hepatospecific enzymes and from 5'-nucleotidase activity in plasma membranes. A study was also made of membrane permeability of mitochondria, lysosomes and microsomes in liver cells of burnt rats from the level of non-sedimented activity and activity of malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cathepsin D and glucose-6-phosphatase in appropriate organelles. Permeability of cell and lysosomal membranes was demonstrated to be disordered within the first hours after burn. One day after burn generalized disturbance of membrane permeability in the cell was observed, followed by the release into cytosol of organelles template enzymes and a decrease in the activity of membrane-bound enzymes in these organelles. The alterations persisted during 7 days of observation.
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PMID:[Structural and enzymatic disorganization of biological membranes in rat liver cells in thermal burns]. 631 92

Chicks were given biotin-deficient diets containing either suboptimal (low) or supraoptimal (high) concentrations of protein from 1-d-old until they were used during their fourth week of life. The low-protein diet predisposed chicks to develop fatty liver and kidney syndrome and the high-protein diet to develop classical biotin deficiency signs. Two other groups, as controls, received biotin-supplemented rations. Low dietary protein increased lipogenesis by isolated hepatocytes but had little effect on gluconeogenesis compared to high dietary protein. Low dietary protein decreased activities of hepatic isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) and glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9; GP) and increased activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS), citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8; CCE) and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.39). When biotin deficiency was superimposed, the rate of lipogenesis by isolated hepatocytes (from fed birds) was decreased. Gluconeogenesis from lactate and glycerol was also depressed. Activity of GP was further decreased by biotin deficiency on the low-protein regimen and FAS and CCE were further increased. PK activity was increased by biotin deficiency.
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PMID:The effect of biotin deficiency and dietary protein content on lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and related enzyme activities in chick liver. 661 62

Trans unsaturated fatty acids are formed during hydrogenation of edible oils and their consumption in the United States has increased with increasing utilization of margarines. The effect of elaidic acid and trielaidin on atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits were studied many years ago by Weigensberg and McMillan, who found these fatty acids to be significantly more hypercholesterolemic but not more atherogenic. Jackson et al. have found that trans fatty acids are not inordinately atherogenic in swine. We have fed rabbits semipurified, cholesterol-free diets containing either 3.2 or 6.0% of trans fatty acid. The diets were slightly hyperlipidemic but no more atherogenic than the control diet. We measured the activities of five hepatic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, fatty acid synthetase, malate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and monoamine oxidase [EC 1.4.3.4]). The diets affected only the activity of monoamine oxidase, which was lower in the livers of rabbits fed 6.0% trans fatty acid. Vervet monkeys were fed the same diets either for 1 year or for 6 months and then returned to the control diet for 6 months. The dietary manipulations had no effect on serum or lipid levels or aortic sudanophilia. Trans fatty acid levels of the serum reflected dietary concentration. Six months after cessation of feeding of the trans fat the levels of trans fatty acids in serum were virtually normal. Trans fatty acids appear to exert a hypercholesterolemic effect but do not influence aortic atherosclerosis in rabbits or aortic sudanophilia in vervet monkeys.
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PMID:Trans fatty acid effects in experimental atherosclerosis. 681 29

To test the effects of trans unsaturated fatty acids (t-FA) on atherosclerosis, lipidemia and enzyme activities, rabbits were fed a semipurified, cholesterol-free diet containing 40% sucrose, 25% casein and 14% fat for 5 months. Two experimental diets provided either 6% (high) or 3.2% (low) t-FA. The control group was fed a fat of composition similar to the two experimental diets but free of t-FA. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated in the rabbits fed 6% t-FA. Liver glycerides were also elevated in this group. The fatty acids of plasma, erythrocytes, epididymal fat, liver microsomes and liver mitochondria reflected the dietary composition. Levels of aortic atherosclerosis were identical in the three groups. There were no significant differences in activity of five hepatic enzymes: glucose-6-phosphatase (microsomal), fatty acid synthetase (cytosolic), malate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase (mitochondrial).
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PMID:Influence of trans unsaturated fats on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. 683 52

1. Analytical differential centrifugation of rat heart homogenates revealed a single population of mitochondria and microperoxisomes. Using cytochrome c oxidase, malate dehydrogenase and amine oxidase as mitochondrial marker enzymes, the s-value of mitochondria was estimated to s = 10326 +/- 406 S (average for the three marker enzymes). The s-value of microperoxisomes was found to be s = 1381 +/- 40 S using catalase as the marker enzyme. The s-value for the two organelles did not change significantly when the isoosmotic sucrose medium was substituted by an isoosmotic mannitol medium. 2. Analytical differential centrifugation revealed a polydispercity of the microsomal fraction using glucose-6-phosphatase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase as the marker enzymes. The s-values were found to be sH1 = 1569 +/- 412 S (NADPH-cytochrome c reductase), sH2 = 1195 +/- 400 S (glucose-6-phosphatase) and sL = 153 +/- 28 S (NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase). The recovery of marker enzymes in the isolated subcellular fractions was in the range of 84-94%. 3. When the mitochondrial and microperoxisomal fractions were subjected to isopycnic gradient centrifugation, using a self-generating gradient of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated colloidal silica particles (Percoll) in 0.25 M sucrose medium, buoyant densities of 1.10 g/cm3 (main fraction of mitochondria) and 1.06 g/cm3 (main fraction of microperoxisomes) were obtained. The density gradient centrifugation separated microperoxisomes from contaminating lysosomes of high specific activity in acid phosphatase. A value 1.04 g/cm3 was found for the density of the microsomal fraction. 4. Based on the estimated s-values, an optimal procedure is described for the isolation of mitochondrial and microperoxisomal fractions from rat heart muscle.
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PMID:Hydrodynamic parameters and isolation of mitochondria, microperoxisomes and microsomes of rat heart. 715 Jun 62

The effect of DL alpha-lipoic acid on the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin was examined. Intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) to rats resulted in decreased activity of the glycolytic enzymes-hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase. The two gluconeogenic enzymes--glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, the transmembrane enzymes namely the Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and the brushborder enzyme alkaline phosphatase, also showed decreased activities. This decrease in the activities of ATPases and alkaline phosphatase suggests basolateral and brush border membrane damage. Decreased activity of the TCA cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), suggests a loss in mitochondrial integrity. These biochemical disturbances were effectively counteracted by lipoic acid administration. Lipoic acid administration by gastric intubation at two different concentrations (10 mg and 25 mg/kg/day) brought about an increase in the activity of the glycolytic enzymes, ATPases and the TCA cycle enzymes. The gluconeogenic enzymes however showed a further decrease in their activities at both the concentrations of lipoic acid administered. These observations shed light on the nephroprotective action of lipoic acid against experimental aminoglycoside toxicity and the protection afforded at 25 mg/kg/day of lipoic acid was noted to be higher than that at 10 mg level.
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PMID:Role of DL alpha-lipoic acid in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. 765 73

The pregnant rats were treated with formaldehyde (0.5 mg/kg daily per os) during whole period of pregnancy. The activity of cytochrome-c-oxidase, malate dehydrogenase, nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, H(+)-ATPase, glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and content of protein in liver celts of offsprings (newborns, 2 weeks age and 2 months age) were studied. It was shown differences in development enzyme systems of control and experimental animals during ontogenesis.
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PMID:[Experimental study of the effect of formaldehyde during embryogenesis on the activity of rat liver enzyme systems in ontogenesis]. 913 53

A developmental block is induced by phosphate in rat embryos at the late two-cell stage. The present study was designed to examine the energy metabolism of rat two-cell blocked and non-blocked embryos. Enzyme activity was measured in individual embryos by histochemical techniques. The activities of malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and phosphorylase did not differ among non-blocked and blocked embryos. However, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase was significantly decreased in blocked embryos compared with non-blocked embryos. In blocked embryos, cytochrome oxidase activity was distributed homogeneously, but was located at the perinuclear region in non-blocked embryos. Active mitochondrial organization was visualized using the fluorescent probe rhodamine 123 and laser scanning confocal microscopy. In both non-blocked and blocked embryos, mitochondria were distributed homogeneously. The concentration of H2O2 measured fluorometrically in embryos cultured without phosphate did not change significantly during the culture period, but decreased in embryos cultured with phosphate. The timing corresponded to the occurrence of the two-cell block. In summary, these results suggest that the developmental block in rat two-cell embryos is induced by disturbance of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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PMID:Microscopic analysis of enzyme activity, mitochondrial distribution and hydrogen peroxide in two-cell rat embryos. 986 Nov 63

We evaluated the effect of sodium molybdate on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and mitochondrial enzymes in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in the activities of glucose metabolising enzymes like hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and in the level of glycogen. An elevation in the activities of aldolase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6- bisphosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase and in the level of blood glucose were also observed in diabetic rats when compared to control rats. The activities of mitochondrial enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADH-dehydrogenase and cytochrome-C-oxidase were also significantly lowered in diabetic rats. Molybdate administration to diabetic rats reversed the above changes in a significant manner. From our observations, we conclude that administration of sodium molybdate regulated the blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Sodium molybdate therapy not only maintained the blood glucose homeostasis but also altered the activities of carbohydrate metabolising enzymes. Molybdate therapy also considerably improved the activities of mitochondrial enzymes, thereby suggesting its role in mitochondrial energy production.
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PMID:Effect of sodium molybdate on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 1183 16

Long-term caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to extend maximum life span in laboratory rodents. We investigated the activities of gluconeogenic and transaminase enzymes in the livers of old and young mice fed either control or calorie-restricted diets. Livers were sampled 48 h after the last scheduled feeding time. Old mice on CR showed significant increases in the activities of pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase when compared with controls, indicating increased gluconeogenesis. Increased activities of tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, phenylalanine, alanine and aspartate transaminases, as well as of malate and glutamate dehydrogenases were also observed, while branched-chain amino acid transaminase was unchanged. Young mice on CR showed a significant increase only in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in the gluconeogenic pathway, while transaminases were increased significantly, except for tryptophan and branched-chain amino acid transaminases. Glutamate dehydrogenase also showed increased activity but malate dehydrogenase was unchanged. Increases in the level of acetyl-CoA and [Acetyl-CoA]/[CoA] ratio were observed only in the old CR mice. Our results demonstrate increased gluconeogenic activity in CR mice and are consistent with a state of increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and protein turnover during CR.
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PMID:Caloric restriction increases gluconeogenic and transaminase enzyme activities in mouse liver. 1258 90


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