Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.8 (phytase)
1,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of genetically engineered microbial (Natuphos) and plant (Phytaseed) phytase for enhancing the utilization of phytate P in corn-soybean meal-based diets fed to young broilers and to evaluate the safety of Phytaseed phytase. Three levels of each of the two sources of phytase (250, 500, and 2,500 U/kg of diet) were added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 0.46% total P, 0.21% nonphytate P, and 0.92% Ca. There were eight cages per treatment (eight birds per cage for Weeks 2 to 3 and seven birds for Weeks 4 to 5), except for the basal diet without added phytase that had 16 cages. Cage BW and feed consumption were recorded weekly. During Week 5, cage excreta samples were collected for determination of apparent retention coefficients of DM, Ca, and P. At the end of Week 5, all birds were killed, and the left and right toes were removed for determination of toe ash weight and percentage. Forty birds (one per cage from the diet without added phytase and diets with 500 or 2,500 U phytase/kg from both sources) were randomly selected for gross necropsy and histologic evaluation of liver, kidney, and bone tissues. Addition of both sources of phytase resulted in similar increases (P < 0.05) of BW gain; feed intake; gain:feed; apparent retention of DM, P and Ca; and toe measurements. Phosphorus excretion decreased as phytase addition increased. No significant abnormalities were seen in any of the 40 broilers necropsied. Further, the fit of a nonlinear function revealed that most measurements reached a plateau at 2,500 U/kg. Based on performance, bone characteristics, and retention of P, Ca, and DM of young broilers, the efficacy of Phytaseed phytase was similar to that of Natuphos phytase for enhancing the utilization of phytate P in corn-soybean meal-based diets. General necropsy and histologic examination of liver, kidney, and tibial tissues revealed no adverse effects of phytase source or level.
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PMID:Comparison of genetically engineered microbial and plant phytase for young broilers. 1082 60

Hens were fed corn-soybean meal diets containing 0.35, 0.25, 0.15, or 0.10% nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) (40 to 60 wk). Phytases A and B were added at 0.25, 0.15, and 0.10% at 250 to 300 units of phytase (FTU)/kg feed in a 3 x 3 factorial; 0.35% was a control diet. Treatments were replicated with eight cages per treatment (five hens per cage) in a randomized complete block design. Phytase supplementation had a significant effect on several production parameters: feed intake, feed conversion, and egg mass. Results showed nonsignificant effects (P < 0.06) on feed intake when hens were supplemented with phytase A or B and consumed more feed compared to the basal diet at 0.10% NPP. The feed conversion of birds fed 0.10% NPP without phytase was the least efficient compared to the other nine treatments (P < 0.05). Egg mass was significantly greater for hens supplemented with phytases A and B than for hens fed the basal diet at low (0.10%) NPP (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, Haugh units, wet shell, or dry yolk percentages. Dry shell percentage was higher among basal diets at 0.15 and 0.25% NPP in contrast to phytase, whereas albumen and dry yolk percentages were significantly higher for diets with phytase than for the basal diet at 0.10% NPP. Bone ash percentage was uncharacteristically high in hens fed 0.10% NPP without phytase; however, mortality was 22% in this group. Phytase supplementation improved Ca and P digestibilities to varying degrees. Supplementation of phytase in normal, corn-soybean meal diets improved feed intake, feed conversion, and egg mass and elicited a response in shell quality and egg components at the low (0.10%) NPP.
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PMID:Effect of supplementation of two different sources of phytase on egg production parameters in laying hens and nutrient digestiblity. 1159 6

High available phosphorus corn (HAP) developed using the low phytic acid 1-1 (lpal-1) allele of the corn LPA1 gene containing 0.27% P, with 0.17% nonphytate P (NPP), was compared to near isogenic normal corn (LPA1), which contained 0.23% P and 0.05% NPP. Five levels of NPP from either HAPC or normal corn (0.40, 0.35, 0.30, 0.25 and 0.20% + 300 phytase units (FTU)/kg microbial phytase) were combined in a 2 x 5 factorial experiment for a total of 10 dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment was fed to eight replicate cages with five Hy-Line W-36 hens per replicate cage from 20 to 40 wk of age. Feed consumption and egg production were not significantly affected by dietary NPP level or corn type. Feed conversion ratio (g feed:g egg mass) was improved at the 0.35% NPP level (1.856) compared to the other levels of NPP--0.40, 0.30, 0.25, and 0.20% + phytase having feed conversion ratios of 1.872, 1.905, 1.930, and 1.898, respectively. Egg weight and egg mass decreased significantly as dietary NPP decreased; diets with 0.20% NPP plus phytase had equal egg mass to the 0.35 and 0.40% NPP diets. A significant corn type x NPP interaction effect was observed for egg weight, such that within the HAP corn diets, egg weight decreased more markedly at the 0.25% NPP levels compared to the normal corn 0.25% NPP diets. Specific gravity was not affected by dietary treatment, but percent dry shell was improved at the lower AP levels and with phytase treatment. Dietary NPP level and corn type had no significant effect on bone ash. Excreta levels of total phosphorus decreased significantly as dietary NPP decreased and were lower in the HAP corn excreta compared to normal corn excreta. Total P, Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn retention were significantly affected by NPP level and corn type. HAP corn reduced Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn retention compared to normal corn; this negative effect was alleviated by phytase supplementation to HAP corn diets. HAP corn allowed less dicalcium phosphate supplementation in layer diets compared to normal corn while supporting equal egg production. Phytase supplementation of low NPP diets had no significant positive effects on egg production parameters in either corn type diets.
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PMID:High available phosphorus corn and phytase in layer diets. 1276 2

The efficacy of three Escherichia coli-derived phytase preparations on the performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chicks was evaluated. Two hundred sixteen 7-d-old male broiler chicks were grouped by weight into 6 blocks of 6 cages with 6 birds per cage. Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were randomly assigned to cages within each block. The 6 diets were adequate P, very low P, and low P and contained (g of P/kg of diet) 7.7, 4.0, and 5.1, respectively; and low-P diet plus phytase preparation A, B, or C at 1,000 units/kg of feed. All 3 phytase preparations were produced in different yeast production systems with slightly different glycosylation patterns. Preparation A was produced in Pichia pastoris, B in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The chicks were fed the experimental diets from 8 to 22 d of age. Excreta samples were collected between 17 and 21 d of age. At the end of the study, blood was collected, chicks were killed, and tibiae were removed from 3 birds per cage. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency among the 3 phytase preparations did not differ, although only phytase A diet outperformed (P < 0.05) the low-P diet in terms of weight gain and feed efficiency. All 3 phytase diets outperformed (P < 0.05) the low-P diet in bone mineral content, density, strength, percentage ash, P retention, and serum P levels. Phytase B diet outperformed the adequate-P diet in bone strength. All 3 preparations increased (P < 0.05) Ca retention with phytase B or C showing a better retention of Ca than phytase A. All 3 phytase preparations showed similar P use as indicated by BW gain and tibia bone characteristics.
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PMID:The yeast production system in which Escherichia coli phytase is expressed may affect growth performance, bone ash, and nutrient use in broiler chicks. 1504 95

Copper is often added to broiler diets at prophylactic concentrations as an antimicrobial despite purported chelation with and reduced utilization of phytin phosphorus. Therefore, male chicks were fed 0, 62.5, 125, 250, or 375 ppm Cu from Cu sulfate in combination with 600 phytase units (FTU)/kg phytase from 9 to 22 d of age (6 cages/diet, 8 birds/cage). Nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) and Ca were formulated to 0.2 and 0.7% of the diet, respectively. Three additional control diets were formulated to contain 0.27, 0.34, and 0.40% NPP, each with 0.7% Ca. Birds fed increasing concentrations of Cu with 600 FTU phytase/kg had linear reductions in performance characteristics (P < or = 0.05). Birds fed increasing concentrations of Cu with 600 FTU phytase/kg had linear increases in toe ash percentage (P < or = 0.027), but tibia ash percentage was not affected (P > 0.05). Birds fed increasing Cu concentrations with 600 FTU phytase/kg had linear reductions in apparent P retention as a percentage of total P (P < or = 0.0005). Supplementation with increasing concentrations of Cu to a diet containing 600 FTU phytase/kg resulted in decreases in 21 d BW, BW gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, tibia and toe ash weights, and apparent P retention as a percentage of total P. In this experiment, Cu supplementation did not reduce the efficacy of phytase (i.e., improvement in apparent P retention with phytase supplementation) but did decrease apparent P retention, BW gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and tibia ash and toe ash weights.
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PMID:The effects of copper on the efficacy of phytase, growth, and phosphorus retention in broiler chicks. 1533 8

An evolved Escherichia coli-derived phytase was evaluated for its efficacy in improving growth performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chicks. One hundred forty-four 7-d-old male broiler chicks were grouped by weight into 6 blocks of 6 cages with 4 birds per cage. Six corn-soybean meal-based mash diets were randomly assigned to cages within each block. The 6 diets were adequate P (7.7 g of P/kg of diet), low P (3.9 g of P/kg of diet), low P diet plus 0.75 or 1.5 g of inorganic P from monosodium phosphate, and low P diet plus the evolved Escherichia coli phytase at 500 or 1,000 units/kg of diet. The chicks were fed the experimental diets from 8 to 22 d of age. The evolved Escherichia coli phytase improved weight gain (P < 0.05), feed intake (P < 0.01), percentage tibia ash (P < 0.01), and retention of P (P < 0.001), Ca (P < 0.01), N (P < 0.05), and a number of amino acids (P < 0.05). The evolved Escherichia coli phytase was, therefore, efficacious in improving broiler growth performance, bone characteristics, and retention of P, Ca, N, and a number of amino acids.
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PMID:Efficacy of an evolved Escherichia coli phytase in diets of broiler chicks. 1574 61

Higher concentrations of Ca in the diet may decrease phytate-phosphorus hydrolysis because of chelation of Ca with the phytin molecule. In experiment 1, drakes were fed 0.74, 0.85, 0.95, or 1.11% Ca (analyzed) from 7 to 18 d of age (6 birds/cage, 8 cages/diet). Intestinal mucosa was collected at 18 d of age from birds fed 0.74 and 1.11% Ca for determination of intestinal phytase activity. In experiment 1, 17 d BW gain and feed consumption exhibited a quadratic response to increasing concentrations of Ca and were found to be maximal for ducks fed the 0.95% Ca diet. Toe ash percentage (18 d) had a quadratic response to increasing concentrations of Ca with a maximal response for birds fed the 0.85% Ca diet. Increasing dietary Ca did not affect P retention from 15 to 17 d of age or intestinal phytase activity and brush border vesicle Ca concentration. A positive correlation was found between the Vmax and the Ca concentration within the vesicles (r = 0.59, P < 0.02), suggesting that the vesicle Ca concentration did not negatively affect the kinetics of the phytase assay. In experiment 2, drakes were fed 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, or 1.2% Ca (formulated) with 826 or 8,260 ICU/kg of vitamin D3 from 0 to 13 d of age. There was no response to increasing concentrations of Ca for performance characteristics or bone ash measurements.
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PMID:Effect of dietary calcium and vitamin D3 on calcium and phosphorus retention in white Pekin ducklings. 1584 12

An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of a so-called consensus phytase preparation produced by Hansenula polymorpha on growth, tibia and toe ash and P retention of young turkeys. A total of 192 female turkeys (BUT 9 strain) were placed into 96 batteries at two per cage and assigned to one of eight diets: A negative control containing 2.5 g non-phytate P per kg feed (T-1); T-1 plus 125, 250, 500, 1000 or 10 000 phytase units (U) per kg feed, respectively, (T-2 to T-6); T-1 plus 0.5 or 1.0 g Pi/kg feed as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCP), respectively, (T-7 and 8). The experiment lasted 32 d, and excreta were collected and weighed between 26 and 29 d of age. Feed was also weighed during this period in order to calculate P retention. Performance was calculated for the 0 to 32 d period. At the end of the experiment one bird per pen was killed for tibia and toe ash content determination, except for T-2, T-3, and T-7. Body weight, FCR, toe and tibia ash, and P retention responded to phytase or Pi supplementation. Using linear or quadratic models for comparing performance of the treatments containing supplemental Pi with phytase treatments, an equivalence between phytase and Pi was calculated. Body weight, toe ash, tibia ash and P retention showed a significant response to phytase supplementation. The values of equivalence for body weight, toe ash, tibia ash and P retention were 251, 597, 391 and 390 U to 1 g Pi/kg feed. At 10 000 U/kg feed there was a significant response in terms of weight gain and P retention, indicating that turkeys respond to levels greater than 1 000 U/kg feed.
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PMID:Phosphorus equivalence of a Consensus phytase produced by Hansenula polymorpha in diets for young turkeys. 1588 52

A 24-week performance trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental phytase on performance, egg quality, tibia ash content and phosphorus excretion in laying hens fed on either a maize- or a barley-based diet. At the end of the trial, an ileal absorption assay was conducted in order to determine the influence of phytase supplementation on the apparent absorption of calcium and total phosphorus (P). Each experimental diet was formulated either as a positive control containing 3.2 g/kg non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), with the addition of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), or as a low P one, without DCP addition. Both low P diets (containing 1.3 or 1.1 g/kg NPP) were supplemented with microbial phytase at 0, 150, 300 and 450 U/kg. The birds were housed in cages, allocating two hens per cage as the experimental unit. Each of 10 dietary treatments was assigned to 16 replicates. Low dietary NPP (below 1.3 g/kg) was not able to support optimum performance of hens during the laying cycle (from 22 to 46 weeks of age), either in maize or barley diets. Rate of lay, daily egg mass output, feed consumption, tibia ash percentage and weight gain were reduced in hens fed low NPP diets. The adverse effects of a low P diet were more severe in hens on a maize diet than in those on a barley diet. Low dietary NPP reduced egg production, weight gain, feed consumption and tibia ash content and microbial phytase supplementation improved these parameters. Hens given low NPP diets supplemented with phytase performed as well as the hens on positive control diets containing 3.2 g/kg of NPP. A 49% reduction of excreta P content was achieved by feeding hens on low NPP diets supplemented with phytase, without compromising performance. Phytase addition to low NPP diets increased total phosphorus absorption at the ileal level, from 0.25 to 0.51 in the maize diet and from 0.34 to 0.58 in the barley diet. Phosphorus absorption increased linearly with increasing levels of dietary phytase. Mean phosphorus absorption was higher in barley diets than in maize diets (0.49 vs 0.39).
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PMID:Effects of an experimental phytase on performance, egg quality, tibia ash content and phosphorus bioavailability in laying hens fed on maize- or barley-based diets. 1605 Jan 88

Two experiments were conducted with laying hens (Lohmann Brown) in an individual cage system and with single feeding conditions. Experiment 1 (n = 24) was a performance trial (22 to 61 wk) to evaluate phytase effects on performance and nutrient utilization in corn-soybean meal (CSM1) and wheat-soybean meal (WSM1) basal diets (0.12% NPP; 3.1% Ca) supplemented (300 U/kg) with an experimental microbial phytase (CSM2 and WSM2) or 1.5 g/kg inorganic P (CSM3 and WSM3). Experiment 2 (n = 16) was also conducted as a performance trial (22 to 61 wk) only using CSM diets with dietary treatments similar to those in experiment 1. In addition, parallel N and P balance experiments in 2 age periods (26 and 33 wk, respectively) were conducted. In experiment 1, no significant (P < 0.05) differences in mortality, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, or body weight were observed. Tibia bone mineral composition was significantly affected by microbial phytase. Microbial phytase in the low-P CSM diet significantly (P < 0.05) improved the feed conversion ratio. In experiment 2, only feed conversion ratio was significantly improved by microbial phytase. The phytase supplementation had no significant effect on P excretion, P balance, P utilization, N balance, N utilization, or AMEn in the balance experiments.
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PMID:Performance and nutrient utilization of laying hens fed low-phosphorus corn-soybean and wheat-soybean diets supplemented with microbial phytase. 1633 27


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