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Query: EC:3.1.3.8 (phytase)
 1,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Crossbred weanling pigs (an equal number of barrows and gilts) with an average initial weight of 7.4 (Exp. 1) or 9.6 kg (Exp. 2) were used in two 4-wk experiments (Exp. 1, n = 96; Exp. 2, n = 96) to investigate the effects of added phytase or citric acid on performance, rib mineralization, gastric pH, and digestibility measurements. A corn-soybean meal-based diet low in Ca and P was used in both experiments. In Exp. 1, three citric acid levels (0, 1.5, or 3.0%) and four phytase levels (0, 250, 500, or 750 U/kg) were used in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. In Exp. 2, two citric acid levels (0 or 2.0%) and three phytase levels (0, 250, or 500 U/kg) were used in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Phosphorus was maintained at .33 and .34% in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Calcium was maintained at a 2.5:1 ratio with total available P (available P plus the estimated released phytate P by phytase) in Exp. 1 and at a level of .44% in Exp. 2. In both experiments, BW and feed consumption were measured weekly, and pen fecal samples were collected twice daily for 5 d during wk 4. At the end of wk 4, the barrow in each pen was killed following a fast-refeed-fast (22-1-2 h) regimen for collection of 10th ribs and stomach digesta. In Exp. 1 and 2, phytase addition did not affect (P > .05) performance but linearly increased (P < .05) rib shear force, shear energy, dry bone weight, ash weight, ash percentage, and Ca and P digestibilities. Addition of citric acid in both experiments reduced dietary pH and stomach digesta pH (P < .05). The addition of citric acid improved (P < .05) ADG, feed efficiency, and Ca digestibility in Exp. 1, but it had no effect on performance and Ca digestibility in Exp. 2. In summary, the additions of citric acid and phytase to weanling pig diets were each beneficial, but no synergistic effects were observed.
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PMID:The effects of microbial phytase, citric acid, and their interaction in a corn-soybean meal-based diet for weanling pigs. 969 Jun 44

A feeding trial was performed using 4 x 60 day-old chickens (Ross 208 cockerels) raised up to 42 days of age to determine whether exogenous phytase addition increases phosphorus utilisation by broiler chickens, and to assess its effects on some production traits as well as on the ash content and mechanical stability of the tibia. The chickens' feed consisted of maize, wheat, soybean meal, fish meal, yeast, and fat powder. The basic feed was supplemented with inorganic phosphorus in groups A and B. In groups C and D, the amount of the inorganic phosphorus supplement (DCP) was decreased by 50%, at the same calcium/phosphorus ratio. The 50% reduction of inorganic phosphorus supplementation represents a 20% decrease of total phosphorus. To the diets of groups B and D a phytase enzyme preparation (Phytase Novo CT) was added. The calculated exogenous phytase activity was 600 FYT/kg feed. The decrease of inorganic phosphorus did not cause significant differences in the daily weight gain but lowered the feed conversion rate by 10%. Calcium and phosphorus excretion decreased by 18% and 15%, and the breaking strength of the tibia was also lower. Phytase supplementation of the feed at a lower rate of inorganic phosphorus supplementation did not cause changes in the body weight gain but improved the feed conversion rate by 5.6%. Phosphorus and calcium output decreased by 21% and 11%, respectively, but chemical composition and mechanical stability of the tibia were unaltered.
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PMID:Effects of phytase supplementation on calcium and phosphorus output, production traits and mechanical stability of the tibia in broiler chickens. 970 26

1. In the first of 2 experiments ducklings grown from 2 to 19 d were given diets with 0, 200 or 400 g rice bran, with or without a phytase and with 1 or 3 g inorganic phosphorus (Pi) per kg for rice bran-based diets only. In the 2nd experiment rice bran concentrations were 0, 300 or 600 g rice bran per kg with or without a phytase and 1 g Pi/kg. Ducks were grown from 19 to 40 d of age. 2. In experiment 1, a response to phytase was observed for weight gain and food intake on most diets except those with 200 g rice bran (3 g Pi) and 4.00 g rice bran (1 g P)i/kg. Main effects showed that 400 g rice bran depressed growth rate and food conversion ratio (FCR); increasing Pi depressed food intake, while food phytase increased food intake and growth rate over 2 to 19 d. There were several interactions. Dry matter and P retention were reduced but N digestibility improved when rice bran was increased from 200 g to 400 g/kg at 2 to 10 d of age; apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and calcium retentions were improved, similar results being seen at 10 to 19 d of age. Calcium and P retentions increased with the addition of food phytase and, at 10 to 19 d of age, phytase increased dry matter digestibility. Increasing Pi improved calcium and P retention, but only at 2 to 10 d of age. 3. Tibia ash (g or g/kg) content of bone was lowest on the diet without rice bran and without phytase; Pi concentration had no effect but phytase increased tibia ash on diets with 0 and 200 g rice bran and 1 g Pi/kg. Retention of several minerals in tibia ash declined at the highest rice bran inclusion rate; Pi level and phytase both increased Mg retention. 4. In experiment 2, food intake and growth rate of ducks, but not FCR, declined as rice bran inclusion increased from 0 to 600 g/kg. Phytase improved growth rate but not food intake and FCR on all 3 diets. Dry matter digestibility declined with increasing rice bran inclusion, but AME increased; retention of P and Mg declined but those of Ca and Fe increased. Phytase improved dry matter digestibility and retention of N and P. AME also increased but this was only on diets with 0 and 600 g rice bran/kg. There were reductions of 8% and 10% in P excreted in experiments 1 and 2 respectively when food phytase was added. 5. Tibia ash declined with increasing dietary inclusion of rice bran. Zn and Mn in ash tended to decline and Mg to increase; Ca and P showed no change in concentration in tibia ash. Again, phytase increased tibia ash content in bone. 6. It was concluded that there were a number of unexpected benefits from adding a food phytase to these diets, which resulted in improved nutrient yield and bird performance, although several of the diets appeared to be adequate in available P.
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PMID:Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets. III. The addition of inorganic phosphorus and a phytase to duck diets. 992 12

1. Ducklings were given diets with vegetable protein (VP) and 0 or 600 g rice bran/kg; fish meal (60 g/kg) and a phytase (+, -) were added to the diets (VP + AP). An additional 40 g soyabean meal/kg was added to the diet with rice bran (VP ++). Amino acid digestibility and mineral retention were measured in the lower ileum of ducklings killed at 23 d of age. Acid insoluble ash was used as an inert marker. Trypsin and amylase activities were also measured and weights of the pancreas and small intestine recorded at slaughter. 2. Addition of soyabean meal (VP ++) to the diet with rice bran improved growth rate and food intake compared to the diet without (VP) and gave the same food intake and growth rate as the comparable basal diet (VP) without rice bran. Fish meal improved growth rate on the diets without rice bran and improved food intake on this diet (VP + AP). Rice bran depressed growth rate and food conversion ratio (FCR); protein source affected growth rate, food intake and FCR; phytase increased food intake only. There were several interactions. 3. Determined total amino acid composition of the diets appeared to meet the essential amino acid requirements of ducklings. Rice bran depressed the ileal digestibility of virtually all amino acids and phytase had no direct effect, although there were interactions. Fish meal addition to diets with rice bran improved the apparent digestibility of several essential amino acids as well as that of dry matter and crude protein. 4. Ileal retention of some minerals and tibia ash content were reduced by rice bran. Fish meal and phytase inclusion increased P retention and ash in tibia. 5. Higher intestinal trypsin activity and increased pancreas size were seen in ducklings on diets with rice bran compared to those without. Intestinal amylase activity was reduced in ducklings given rice bran, probably because of its low starch content. 6. The stimulating effect of fish meal on duckling performance was probably caused in part by the improvement in the digestibility of some amino acids. The addition of small amounts of minerals in fish meal may have increased mineral retention. Phytase gave benefits anticipated from our previous work, but also improved lysine and threonine digestibility in diets containing vegetable protein only.
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PMID:Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets. IV. Effects of addition of fish meal and a microbial phytase to duckling diets on bird performance and amino acid digestibility. 992 13

A 20-wk feeding trial (21 to 40 wk of age) was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation on egg production, egg quality, nutrient retention, and P excretion of laying hens fed diets containing different levels of P. Nine hundred and sixty ISA Brown hens were randomly allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of four diets: corn-soybean diet (1.4% tricalcium phosphate, TCP) without (T1, control) and with phytase (T2); 0.7% TCP (T3) or 0% TCP (T4) diet with phytase. Dietary microbial phytase was added at a level of 500 U/kg. Both hen-day and hen-housed egg production of T2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than other treatments, which were not different among themselves. Egg weights were also significantly (P < 0.05) different among treatments ,with T2 being the highest. Feed consumption of T2 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than other treatments but feed conversion ratio was not significantly different from others. Specific gravity and shell thickness of the eggs were highest in the control (T1) but eggshell strength and broken egg to total egg ratio were not different among treatments. Haugh units were not different among treatments. Retention of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, and Zn were greater (P < 0.05) in phytase-supplemented groups. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in excretion of ash, P, and Zn. The excretion of these components were highest in the control, whereas P excretion was significantly lower in the T3 and T4 groups. In conclusion, supplementation of the microbial phytase to normal corn-soybean diet improved egg production and can reduce TCP level in the diet without affecting egg production and egg quality. Significant reduction of P excretion can be also achieved.
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PMID:Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on egg production, eggshell quality, and mineral retention of laying hens fed different levels of phosphorus. 1002 51

1. A 3-week feeding trial with 96 sexed d-old broiler chickens was conducted to examine the effects of microbial phytase supplementation (Natuphos 5000) at 2 dietary energy concentrations on their performance, and the utilisation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and on tibiae ash, Ca, P and Zn concentrations. Four replicate pens (6 birds per pen) of a completely randomised design were used in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 contents of metabolisable energy (11.72 and 12.55 MJ ME/kg) and 2 additions of phytase (0 and 500 U of microbial phytase/kg). 2. Phytase supplementation significantly improved the utilisation of N, P, Ca and Zn (as a percentage of intake) and increased the concentration of Ca and Zn in the tibiae (P<0.05) because of higher intakes of dry matter, N, P, Ca and Zn. Phytase also significantly reduced the amount of P in the excreta (P<0.05). 3. The AME content of the diet influenced significantly (P<0.05) the excretion of N, P, Ca and Zn and the concentration of P and Ca in tibiae with the birds fed on the high AME diet excreting more minerals and having a smaller percentage of these minerals in their tibiae. However, there were strong interactions between phytase addition and AME in tibia ash and P, with the phytase supplementation producing a higher ash content at the higher AME a and a lower P content at the lower AME.
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PMID:Effects of microbial phytase on growth and mineral utilisation in broilers fed on maize soyabean-based diets. 1047 31

The efficacy of Aspergillus niger (APhy) phytase, Trichoderma reesei (TPhy) phytase and acid phosphatase (TAcPh) preparations in improving the utilization of phytin-phosphorus in the maize-soybean meal (SBM) or barley-SBM (800:200 g kg-1) diets was studied in two separate digestibility and balance trials with ten growing pigs using 5 x 5 Latin square designs. The positive control diet contained a total phosphorus (P) of 6.5 g kg-1, while the negative control as well as the APhy, TPhy and TAcPh supplemented diets which did not contain additional inorganic-P, had a total P of 4.1 g kg-1. The APhy and TPhy supplements provided phytase activity of 1000 PU g-1 together with AcPh of 8000 HFU g-1. TAcPh at a level of 8000 HFU g-1 was the only addition to one diet. The intrinsic phytase activity of barley was 355 PU g-1 while maize and soybean meal showed no phytase activity. Phytase supplements of the APhy and TPhy sources increased ash digestibility in both diets but had only a minor effect on nitrogen utilization. The addition of phytase improved absorption of P by 21%-units in barley-SBM diet and 29%-units in maize-SBM diet, without any difference between the two phytase sources. The retained P in diets with phytase was higher than in diets without phytase, 4.4 (APhy), 4.5 (TPhy) vs. 2.9 g d-1 in barley-SBM-diets and 3.7 (APhy), 4.0 (TPhy) vs. 1.8 g d-1 in maize-SBM-diets. No difference was found between the two sources of phytase. TAcPh without additional phytase did not show any effect on P absorption or retention. Ca absorption and retention were improved due to the phytase treatments. Supplementing pig diets with either APhy or TPhy sources seems to be equally effective in enhancing the availability of phytate-P. Consequently, these supplements can reduce the P-excretion of pigs by 32-40% as compared with the diet supplemented with inorganic-P.
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PMID:Comparison of Aspergillus niger phytase and Trichoderma reesei phytase and acid phosphatase on phytate phosphorus availability in pigs fed on maize-soybean meal or barley-soybean meal diets. 1054 73

1. Seven-day old male broilers (n=900) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal-based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid (10.4, 13.2 and 15.7 g/kg; equivalent to 2.9, 3.7 and 4.4 g/kg phytate phosphorus), 2 of non-phytate phosphorus (2.3 and 4.5 g/kg) and 3 of microbial phytase (Natuphos 5000 L; 0, 400 and 800 FTU/kg) in a 19-d trial. The dietary phytic acid contents were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollard. 2. Each dietary treatment was fed to 5 pens (10 birds/pen) from 7 to 25 d of age. Records of body weight, food intake and mortality were maintained. On d 25, all surviving birds were killed and toe samples were obtained for toe ash measurements. 3. Increasing dietary phytic acid negatively influenced body weight gain, food intake and food/gain. These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase. 4. Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets, resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions. 5. Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid, resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction. Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction. 6. In general, there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg. 7. The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability.
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PMID:Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorus contents. I. Effects on bird performance and toe ash. 1067 Jun 79

A study was conducted to determine the cumulative effects of phosphorolytic enzymes, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and citric acid and Ca levels on feed intake, BW gain (BWG), feed conversion, intestinal viscosity, and toe ash of broilers (d 1 to 21) fed wheat-based diets. Broilers were fed the following six diets at either 0.59, 0.69, or 0.79% Ca: 1) a negative control (NC) diet, 0.17% available P; 2) NC + 750 phytase units/kg diet; (3) phytase + 3,156 units of acid phosphatase/kg diet; 4) phytase + acid phosphatase + 1,900 units of pectinase/g diet; 5) phytase + acid phosphatase + pectinase + 3% citric acid; and (6) NC plus 0.24% available P. The 18 dietary treatments were fed to four pen replicates of eight birds each. Phytase addition at the low Ca level increased BWG, improved feed intake and conversion and toe ash, and reduced intestinal viscosity and ileal length. Subsequent addition of acid phosphatase, at 0.69% Ca, resulted in increases in BWG, 42%; feed intake 32%; feed conversion 7.5%; and toe ash, 63% over the NC diet. Pectinase addition produced further improvements in 21-d BWG and feed intake at 0.59 and 0.79% Ca, increased toe ash in chicks fed 0.79% Ca, and reduced intestinal viscosity. Supplementation of wheat-based 0.17% available P diets with phytase and acid phosphatase and with appropriate concentrations of pectinase, citric acid, and Ca significantly improved BWG, feed intake and conversion and intestinal viscosity over the 0.41% available P diets. Bone mineralization of chicks fed phytase + acid phosphatase and 0.69% Ca and those fed phytase + acid phosphatase + pectinase + citric acid and 0.59% Ca was similar to that of chicks fed the 0.41% available P diets.
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PMID:Effects of phosphorolytic and cell wall-degrading enzymes on the performance of growing broilers fed wheat-based diets containing different calcium levels. 1068 91

In the first of two experiments (20 to 70 wk of age), eight treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal diets (0.34% total P, 3.8% Ca, 17% CP, 2,758 kcal ME/kg) containing 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, or 0.45% available P (AP), with the three lowest AP diets supplemented with 300 units of phytase/kg of diet. A second experiment evaluated the effect of feeding the 0.10% AP diet with and without phytase on performance and time required for onset of P deficiency in older hens (70 to 76 wk of age). In Experiment 1, the 0.10% AP diet with no supplemental phytase depressed performance by 28 wk of age. No other significant differences in performance were observed among treatments for the entire 20- to 70-wk period except that the 0.15% AP diet with no phytase resulted in body weights and tibia ash that were lower (P < 0.05) than those of hens fed the 0.45% AP diet during the last 30 wk. The mean daily AP intake of hens fed the 0.10% AP, 0.15% AP, 0.45% AP, or 0.10% AP + phytase diets was 94,159, 499, or 108 mg, respectively. Excreta P concentration was decreased by approximately 50% in birds consuming 0.10% AP + 300 U/kg phytase compared with those consuming 0.45% AP. In the second experiment, P deficiency signs occurred within 3 wk of consuming the unsupplemented corn-soybean meal diet (0.10% AP) compared with 8 wk in Experiment 1. The results of this study indicate that phytase improves P utilization in corn-soybean meal diets for laying hens and that a corn-soybean meal diet containing 0.15% AP (159 mg AP/d) or containing 0.10% AP + 300 units of phytase/kg (108 mg AP/d) supported optimal egg production from 20 to 70 wk of age. Additionally, results suggested that older hens may exhibit P deficiency symptoms sooner than younger hens.
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PMID:The effects of dietary available phosphorus levels and phytase on performance of young and older laying hens. 1073 51


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