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Query: EC:3.1.3.8 (phytase)
 1,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The effects of Concanavalin A (Con A) on enzymes from the intestinal brush border were studied using membrane vesicles (BBMV) prepared from 3- and 6-week-old broiler chickens. 2. Maltase, sucrase, phytase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities were assayed in BBMV in the absence (T0) or presence (T1) of Con A, or in the presence of casein (T2). Disaccharidase specific activities were assayed in the presence of Con A that had been pre-incubated with the enzyme (T3) or with the substrate (T4). 3. Con A significantly affected maltase and sucrase activities in 3-week-old broiler chicken intestinal BBMV. Pre-incubation of the lectin with the maltase or its substrate had no effect on enzyme activity. Pre-incubation of Con A with sucrose reduced enzyme activity. 4. Con A did not affect phytase, alkaline phosphatase or leucine aminopeptidase activities. 5. Maltase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities were lower in 6-week-old than in 3-week-old broilers.
Br Poult Sci 2007 Dec
PMID:Effects of concanavalin A on intestinal brush border enzyme activity in broiler chickens. 1808 52

Phytase liberates inorganic phosphate from phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) which is the major phosphate reserve in plant-derived foods and feeds. An industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the Debaryomyces castellii phytase gene (phytDc) and D. occidentalis alpha-amylase gene (AMY) was developed. The phytDc and AMY genes were constitutively expressed under the ADC1 promoter in S. cerevisiae by using the delta-integration system, which contains DNA derived exclusively from yeast. The recombinant industrial strain secreted both phytase and alpha-amylase for the efficient degradation of phytic acid and starch as main components of plant seeds. This new strain hydrolyzed 90% of 0.5% (w/v) sodium phytate within 5 days of growth and utilized 100% of 2% (w/v) starch within 48 h simultaneously.
Biotechnol Lett 2008 Dec
PMID:Simultaneous degradation of phytic acid and starch by an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae producing phytase and alpha-amylase. 1862 38

The present article deals with the studies on the effect of media ingredients, such as carbon, nitrogen, inorganic phosphates, surfactants, and metal salts, on phytase enzyme production by Aspergillus niger CFR 335 in submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentations (SSF). The results obtained showed a 1.5-fold higher enzyme yield in the presence of sucrose in both SmF and SSF, while peptone was found to be a favorable nitrogen source for SmF. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH(2)PO(4)) favored 34% higher enzyme yield than the control, which was followed by 19% higher activity in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH(2)PO(4)) in SSF at 0.015% w/v. The addition of Tween-20 in SmF showed a maximum yield of 12.6 U/mL while, SDS suppressed the growth of the fungus. None of the surfactants favored the enzyme yield in SSF. Calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) was extensively efficient in stimulating more than 55% higher phytase production in SmF at 0.01% v/v. In SSF, none of the metal salts stimulated phytase production.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008 Dec
PMID:Effect of different cultural conditions for phytase production by Aspergillus niger CFR 335 in submerged and solid-state fermentations. 1866 3

The effect of dietary phytate and phytase on carbohydrase activity and hexose transport was investigated in broiler chickens. Diets containing phytate P (2.2 or 4.4 g/kg) with different phytase dose rates (0, 500, or 1,000 phytase units/kg) were fed to 504 female Cobb chicks for 3 wk. Diets containing high phytate concentrations depressed (P < 0.05) BW and G:F, whereas phytase supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the performance of birds. In the duodenum, phytate decreased (P < 0.05) the activities of disaccharidases, Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, and glucose concentrations by 5 to 11%, but phytase enhanced (P < 0.05) the concentrations of amylase, sucrase, maltase, Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, and glucose by 5 to 30%. In the jejunum, phytate decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of amylase, sucrase, Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, and glucose by 10 to 22%, and phytase alleviated the negative effect of phytate on the above variables. Ingestion of diets containing phytate also decreased (P < 0.05) serum amylase activity and glucose concentration, and phytase enhanced (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of amylase, sucrase, maltase, Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, and glucose. There were also interactions (P < 0.05) between phytate and phytase on the concentrations of serum amylase, duodenal amylase, sucrase, and jejunal glucose. Enzymatic analysis at a molecular level showed that neither phytate nor phytase influenced the mRNA expression of sucrase-isomaltase in the small intestine. Also, the investigation into the sodium glucose cotransporter gene may challenge the mechanism by which phytate interferes with glucose utilization, as partly indicated by bird performance, and transmembrane transport because diets containing increased phytate upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of the sodium glucose cotransporter gene in duodenum and did not influence it in the jejunum. These results indicate that phytate can impair endogenous carbohydrase activity and digestive competence, and phytase can ameliorate these effects for chickens.
J Anim Sci 2008 Dec
PMID:Effect of diet containing phytate and phytase on the activity and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of carbohydrase and transporter in chickens. 1870 94

Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate's corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque's microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2008 Dec
PMID:Pulque, an alcoholic drink from rural Mexico, contains phytase. Its in vitro effects on corn tortilla. 1875 61

Lactic acid bacteria responsible for the fermentation of a pearl-millet based fermented gruel, ben-saalga, were investigated for enzyme activity in relation with the nutritional characteristics of gruels used as complementary foods for young children. Thirty pre-selected LAB from a set of 155 isolates were characterized principally for their ability to produce amylase, phytase and alpha-galactosidase. Two Lactobacillus plantarum strains (4.4 and 6.1) and three Lactobacillus fermentum strains (11.11.2, 3.7, 7.4) able to produce one or more of these enzymes were selected. Only weak amylase activity was found in the two Lactobacillus plantarum strains. alpha-amylase activity was associated with cells and was lower than 0.05 Ceralpha Units/ml. Phytase activity was detected in all five strains and was linked to the cell. The highest phytase activity was found in Lb. plantarum 4.4 and 6.1 (348.7 +/- 17.4U/ml and 276.3 +/- 51.4U/ml, respectively) and Lb. fermentum 7.4. (276.3 +/- 13.2U/ml). All strains displayed a cell-linked alpha-galactosidase activity. In a medium containing 2% glucose, the highest cellular activity was found in Lb. fermentum 3.7 (1441.1 +/- 133.7U/ml) and Lb. plantarum 4.4 (1223.1 +/- 148.3U/ml) after 6h of fermentation in the presence of stachyose, and in Lb. plantarum 4.4 (763.3 +/- 23.5U/ml) and Lb. fermentum 7.4 (346.7 +/- 14.8U/ml) after 24h of fermentation with raffinose. These results are consistent with previous observations showing that phytates and alpha-galactooligosaccharides decreased during the natural lactic acid fermentation of pearl millet slurries, and that partial starch hydrolysis can be performed by endogenous microflora provided a pre-gelatinisation step is included in the process.
Int J Food Microbiol 2008 Dec 10
PMID:Enzyme activities of lactic acid bacteria from a pearl millet fermented gruel (ben-saalga) of functional interest in nutrition. 1893 91

Ten bean cultivars grown in southern Manitoba in 2006 were evaluated for variability in phytate, phenolic, and mineral contents, phytase activity, and antioxidant properties to elucidate the relationship of these components. Phytic acid content and phytase activity varied significantly among cultivars and market classes, ranging from 16.7 to 25.1 g/kg and from 224 to 361 phytase activity unit/kg of sample, respectively. The bean cultivars with total phenolic content ranging from 2.2 to 5.6 g of catechin equiv/kg of sample exhibited significant variation in antioxidant capacity [1.6-11.2 microM Trolox equiv (TE)/g of dry matter] and peroxyl radical scavenging activity (72-158 microM TE/g) using photochemiluminescence and fluorescence assays, respectively. Multivariate data analysis performed on 22 components analyzed in this study using principal component analysis and cluster methods demonstrate that differences in phytase, antioxidant activity, mineral contents, and bioavailability are much larger within market class than among bean cultivars.
J Agric Food Chem 2008 Dec 10
PMID:Phytic acid, phytase, minerals, and antioxidant activity in Canadian dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. 1898 70

LC-MS technique described here is a new way for the separation and direct determination of UV-Vis insensitive inositol phosphates (InsP(2)-InsP(6)). This circumvents the need of radioisotopic labeling and post-column derivatization techniques. The method involves separation of various enzymatically dephosphorylated derivatives of InsP(6) on C(18)-column using MeOH/H(2)O (30:70 v/v) and their identification using electron spray ionization MS in positive ion mode (+pESI-MS). The LC-MS studies revealed that the purified phytase from Aspergillus niger van Teighem hydrolyzes InsP(6 )in a sequential manner leading to InsP(2 )(InsP(2) x 2Na, t(R) 4.4-4.54 min, base peak m/z 382.9) as the end product.
J Sep Sci 2008 Dec
PMID:Separation and identification of enzymatically prepared dephosphorylated products of myo-inositolhexakisphosphate using LC-MS. 1900 37

Effect of phytase pre-treatment of dietary plant feed stuffs (PF) on growth and mineral concentration in common carp (C. carpio L.) was investigated. Diets used were: C0, diet with no supplement; CI, diet with incubated PF; CP0, diet supplemented with 3 g P/kg; CPI, diet with incubated PF supplemented with 3 g P/kg; Phyt0, diet fortified with 4000 U phytase/kg; PhytI, diet with PF incubated with 4000 U phytase/kg. Mean weight gain, SGR and FCR were the same (p < 0.05) in fish fed CP0, CPI or PhytI but less (p < 0.05) in other fish. Bone P was similar in fish fed CP0 (74.9), CPI (75.9) or PhytI (71.5 mg/g DM) but higher (p < 0.05) than in fish fed C0. Bone Ca and Mg were similar in fish fed CP0, CPI or PhytI but less (p < 0.05) in other fish. Bone Zn in fish fed C0, Phyt0 or PhytI was higher (p < 0.05) than that in fish fed CP0 or CPI. In conclusion, CP0, CPI and PhytI had the same effect, suggesting phytase pre-treatment as the most effective method. CPI did not have any advantage over CP0. Phytase increased mineral availability and utilization, which would minimize cost of mineral supplementation and discharges into the environment.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008 Dec
PMID:Pre-treatment of dietary plant feedstuffs with phytase and its effect on growth and mineral concentration in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). 1901 13

Both intrinsic and exogenous phytase in poultry feeds can alter phytate utilization and the solubility of P excreted. This experiment determined the effects of feeding diets varying in cereal grain, P concentration and phytase addition on phytate and P utilization and P characterization of ileal digesta and excreta. Twelve treatments, consisting of diets based on corn, wheat, barley, or high fat-low lignin oat and 3 P treatments (low P with 0.30% nonphytate P; low P + 1,000 phytase units of phytase; high P with 0.45% nonphytate P), were fed to 300 broilers using a factorial design. Fresh excreta were collected at 20 and 21 d and ileal digesta was collected at 21 d. Ileal digesta and excreta were analyzed for total P, phytate P and Ca, with P composition determined by solution (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Excreta samples were also analyzed for water soluble P (WSP). Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for phytate P and total P ranged from 0.03 to 0.42 and 0.56 to 0.71, respectively. Diets supplemented with phytase had greater phytate P hydrolysis than unsupplemented diets. Apparent total tract digestibility coefficients for phytate P and total P ranged from 0.10 to 0.73 and 0.43 to 0.61, respectively. Across cereal grains, there was almost a 3-fold increase in total tract phytate P hydrolysis with phytase supplementation. The P composition of ileal digesta was predominantly phytate P (70 to 88% of total P), whereas excreta phytate P ranged from 26 to 76% of total P. Excreta WSP ranged from 3.2 to 7.5 g kg(-1) and was least for the barley diets. There was a 25% reduction in excreta WSP from the high P to the low P + phytase diets and a 37% reduction from the high P to the low P diets. As cereal grain had little influence on phytate digestibility, it is unlikely that intrinsic phytase in grain has much influence on phytate utilization by poultry. Both total P and WSP in excreta were reduced by the low P diet and the low P + phytase diet, irrespective of cereal grain, which reduces the risk of P transfer to water bodies when excreta are applied to land as fertilizer.
Poult Sci 2008 Dec
PMID:Phosphorus utilization and characterization of ileal digesta and excreta from broiler chickens fed diets varying in cereal grain, phosphorus level, and phytase addition. 1903 1


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