Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.8 (phytase)
1,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study with three groups, each with 11 male, individually housed albino rats (initial average weight = 50 g) was undertaken to examine the effect of microbial phytase (added to a diet containing phytate) on the availability of zinc. The rats were fed diets on the basis of soy protein isolate and corn starch over a 3-week period. All diets contained 15-16 mg Zn/kg diet and 0.40% PA. Thus, molar PA:Zn-ratios of 26:1 were obtained. Group I (control) was fed the phytase-free basal diet. In groups II (pair-fed to group I) and III, 1,000 U of microbial phytase (Aspergillus niger var. van tighem) per kg diet were added. Some rats fed the phytase-free basal diet (control) showed typical symptoms of zinc deficiency, including cyclic changes in food intake, anorexia and partial alopecia. By the addition of 1,000 U microbial phytase the apparent absorption of zinc (percent of intake) significantly increased from 33% (control) to 63% (1,000 U, pair-fed) and 66% (1,000 U, ad lib.). Similar positive effects of the phytase-supplementation were observed for three zinc status parameters in plasma, zinc-concentration, percent unsaturated zinc-binding capacity, activity of alkaline phosphatase and the zinc-concentration in femur and testes. The present study shows that an addition of microbial phytase to phytate-rich diets based on soy protein isolate considerably improves the availability of zinc in growing rats.
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PMID:Enhancement of zinc utilization from phytate-rich soy protein isolate by microbial phytase. 812 52

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplemental microbial phytase on utilization of dietary zinc by weanling pigs. Experiment 1 was a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 24 pigs for 4 wk. Two levels of phytase activity (0 and 1350 units/g) and three levels of zinc (0, 30 and 60 mg/kg as ZnSO4.7H2O) were added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Weekly measures included growth performance, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma mineral concentrations. In Experiment 2, mineral balances were determined in 12 pigs fed the basal diet or the diet with added zinc (30 mg/kg) or phytase (1350 units/g). The results indicated that either supplemental phytase or supplemental zinc increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma zinc concentrations, but these increases were not additive. Supplemental phytase decreased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in pigs supplemented with zinc. Supplemental phytase also significantly enhanced weight gain, feed intake, gain:feed ratio, plasma concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, and retention of phosphorus and calcium. Neither supplemental phytase nor zinc affected zinc retention. Supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with microbial phytase at 1350 units/g feed improves bioavailability of zinc as well as of phytate phosphorus to weanling pigs.
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PMID:Supplemental microbial phytase improves bioavailability of dietary zinc to weanling pigs. 838

Forty-eight pigs (barrows:gilts, 1:1) with an average initial weight of 9.4 kg were used in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment to determine the influence of dietary phytase (0 or 1,500 phytase units/kg) and zinc (0 or 100 mg/kg) supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet on the utilization of P, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Zn. After a 21-d growth experiment, feed was withheld for 24 h and blood was collected from the anterior vena cava of all pigs for plasma mineral analyses. Twenty-four barrows from the growth experiment were then placed in metabolism cages and used in an 8-d mineral balance study. All pigs were maintained on their previous diet. Growth rate was fastest (P < .05) and feed efficiency was highest (P < .05) for pigs fed phytase-supplemented diets. Feed intake was unaffected (P > .05) by dietary treatment. Plasma P (P < .01) and Mg (P < .05) concentrations increased with phytase addition. Plasma Zn concentration increased (P < .05) when phytase was added to the diet containing no supplemental Zn, but plasma Zn concentration was not affected (P > .05) by phytase when the diet was supplemented with 100 mg of Zn/kg. Apparent Ca, P, and Cu balance were improved (P < .05) with phytase addition; however, Cu balance was reduced (P < .05) by Zn supplementation. Zinc balance was increased (P < .05) with supplemental zinc and phytase in the diet. These results indicate that the growth-promoting effect of phytase may be due to an overall increase in the availability of minerals.
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PMID:Phytase-induced changes in mineral utilization in zinc-supplemented diets for pigs. 858 98

Three groups of individually housed albino rats (n = 6, initial average weight = 47 g) were fed diets based on egg white and cornstarch (basal diet 8 g Ca, 5.2 g P, 0.76 g Mg, 100 mg Zn, 100 mg Fe, 50 mg Mn, 7 mg Cu, and 5 mg Cd per kilogram diet) over a 4-week period. Group I (controls) was fed the basal diet free of phytic acid (PA) and microbial phytase. In groups II and III cornstarch was replaced by 0.5% PA from NaPA (molar PA/Zn ratio approximately 5). In group III, 2,000 U of microbial phytase from Aspergillus niger per kilogram diet was added. Live weight gain, zinc status (zinc in plasma, femur, liver, and testes; activity of the plasma alkaline phosphatase), and apparent absorption of zinc, iron, copper, and manganese remained unchanged by the different dietary treatments. The apparent phosphorus absorption was highest in the phytase group. PA decreased and microbial phytase improved the apparent absorption of calcium and magnesium. Liver cadmium concentration, total liver and kidney cadmium content, as well as fractional liver and kidney cadmium accumulation in rats fed the diet containing PA were significantly higher than those in the controls. Phytase supplementation lowered liver and kidney cadmium accumulation. Differences in calcium and magnesium bioavailability due to PA and microbial phytase may be one factor in the alteration of tissue cadmium accumulation.
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PMID:Effect of phytic acid and microbial phytase on Cd accumulation, Zn status, and apparent absorption of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn in growing rats. 867 72

Day-old male broilers (n = 384) were used in a 21-d trial to investigate the effect of microbial phytase on the retention and utilization of Zn. A corn-soybean isolate basal diet containing 20 ppm Zn was fed alone and supplemented with 5, 10, or 20 ppm Zn as ZnSO4.7H2O or with 150, 300, 450, or 600 U of phytase/kg of diet. Total excreta were collected during Days 18 to 20. Toe, tibia, and liver samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Adding Zn and phytase to the low Zn basal diet linearly increased BW gain and feed intake of broilers (P < 0.01). The gain to feed ratio was not changed by adding Zn but was decreased by adding phytase (P < 0.01). The amount of DM retained was linearly increased by adding Zn and phytase (P < 0.10), but DM retained as a percentage of intake was only increased by adding Zn (P < 0.05). The amount of Zn retained per bird was linearly improved by adding Zn and phytase (P < 0.01). Zinc retained as a percentage of intake was linearly decreased by adding Zn but was linearly increased by adding phytase (P < 0.10). Ash percentage of toe and tibia were not affected by adding Zn but were linearly improved by adding phytase (P < 0.10); however, the amount of ash in toe or tibia was increased by Zn (P < 0.05) and phytase (P < 0.01 for toe; not significant for tibia). The concentration and amount of Zn in toe and tibia were linearly increased by adding Zn and phytase (P < 0.001). The concentration of Zn in liver increased by adding Zn (P < 0.10) but was not significantly improved by adding phytase. The amount of Zn retained in liver was linearly improved by adding Zn and phytase (P < 0.05). Nonlinear or linear response equations of the effects of Zn and phytase levels were generated and used to calculate the Zn equivalency values. The average function of Zn equivalency values (Y, milligrams per kilogram) of microbial phytase (X, units per kilogram of diet) was developed: Y = 0.20 + 0.0082X. The results indicate that approximately 0.9 mg of Zn was released per 100 U of phytase over the range of 150 to 600 U of phytase.
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PMID:Supplemental microbial phytase improves zinc utilization in broilers. 878 46

Three groups of individually housed albino rats (n = 6 each, initial average weight = 47 g) were fed diets based on egg white and corn starch over a 4-week period. All diets were supplemented with 15 mg/kg of Zn and 5 mg/kg of Cd. Group I (Control) was fed the basal diet free of phytic acid (PA) and phytase. By replacing corn starch by 0.5% PA (as NaPA) in groups II and III, a molar PA/Zn ratio of 33 was obtained. In group III, 2000 U of microbial phytase per kg diet were added. Addition of PA to diet (group II) resulted in a significant decrease in growth and zinc status. The negative effect of dietary PA on growth and zinc status was considerably counteracted by the supplementation of 2000 U microbial phytase (group III). In group I the highest apparent zinc absorption (58.2%) was measured. The addition of 0.5% PA (group II) significantly decreased apparent zinc absorption to 23.4%. In rats receiving the phytase-enriched diet (group III) 46.5% of ingested zinc was apparently absorbed. Liver cadmium concentration in rats fed the diet containing PA was significantly higher than that in the control group, whereas phytase supplementation lowered liver cadmium accumulation. In tendency similar effects were obtained for kidney cadmium accumulation.
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PMID:Supplemental phytic acid and microbial phytase change zinc bioavailability and cadmium accumulation in growing rats. 882 85

The extracellular activity of Aspergillus niger phytase at the end of the growth phase was 132 nkat/mL in a laboratory bioreactor. The purified enzyme has molar mass approximately 100 kDa, pH optimum at 5.0, temperature optimum at 55 degrees C and high pH and temperature stability. The Km for dodecasodium phytate, calcium phytate and 4-nitrophenyl phosphate are 0.44, 0.45 and 1.38 mmol/L, respectively. The enzyme is noncompetively inhibited by inorganic monophosphate (Ki = 2.85 mmol/L) and by Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Sn2+, Cd2+ ions and strongly by F- ones; it is activated by Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions. The substrate specificity of phytase is broad with the highest affinity to calcium phytate.
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PMID:Characterization of phytase produced by Aspergillus niger. 944 82

This study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of dietary microbial phytase on the bioavailability of zinc and the accumulation of cadmium and lead in growing rats. Five groups of seven albino rats (initial average weight 47 g) were housed individually and fed phytate-rich diets (7 g/kg) based on maize, soya bean meal, corn starch and soya bean oil over a 4-week experimental period. The basal diet contained 24 mg zinc (native concentration), 10 mg lead as Pb(CH3COO)2.3H2O and 5 mg cadmium as CdCl2 per kg and was supplemented with 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 U phytase from Aspergillus niger per kg diet. Supplementation of microbial phytase significantly increased apparent zinc absorption. Differences in zinc bioavailability due to supplementation of the diet with microbial phytase were evident in zinc concentration in plasma, femur and testes as well as in the percentage unsaturated plasma zinc binding capacity and the activity of the zinc metalloenzyme alkaline phosphatase. Cadmium concentrations in liver and kidneys were not significantly altered in response to the different dietary treatments. There was a tendency for femur lead concentration to be increased in response due to the phytase supplementation.
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PMID:Effect of microbial phytase on zinc bioavailability and cadmium and lead accumulation in growing rats. 948 59

Soybean flour was fermented with Aspergillus usamii to improve the availabilities of dietary zinc and iron through the degradation of phytate. Three kinds of experimental diets that differed in protein sources were prepared: one consisting of 40% fermented soybean flour (RS diet), one consisting of 40% fermented soybean flour (FS diet), and one consisting of 20% regular soybean flour and 20% fermented soybean flour (RF diet). Zinc solubilities in the upper and the lower segments of the small intestine were higher in rats fed the FS diet than in rats fed the RS diet. The FS group showed higher solubility of iron in the lower small intestine than the RS group did. Zinc concentrations in the femur and plasma and iron concentrations in the liver and plasma were higher in the FS group than in the RS group. These results suggested that the fermentation of soybean flour improved the availabilities of dietary zinc and iron, which may be induced by increasing the solubilities of these minerals in the small intestine through the reduction of phytate content. Femoral and plasma zinc concentrations in the RF group were higher than in the RS group, but lower than in the FS group. No difference was noted in liver and plasma iron concentrations between the RF group and the FS group. Although phytase activity in FS degrades phytate in the RF diet, higher activity may be needed to degrade phytate completely.
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PMID:Fermentation of soybean flour with Aspergillus usamii improves availabilities of zinc and iron in rats. 1019 18

1. A 3-week feeding trial with 96 sexed d-old broiler chickens was conducted to examine the effects of microbial phytase supplementation (Natuphos 5000) at 2 dietary energy concentrations on their performance, and the utilisation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and on tibiae ash, Ca, P and Zn concentrations. Four replicate pens (6 birds per pen) of a completely randomised design were used in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 contents of metabolisable energy (11.72 and 12.55 MJ ME/kg) and 2 additions of phytase (0 and 500 U of microbial phytase/kg). 2. Phytase supplementation significantly improved the utilisation of N, P, Ca and Zn (as a percentage of intake) and increased the concentration of Ca and Zn in the tibiae (P<0.05) because of higher intakes of dry matter, N, P, Ca and Zn. Phytase also significantly reduced the amount of P in the excreta (P<0.05). 3. The AME content of the diet influenced significantly (P<0.05) the excretion of N, P, Ca and Zn and the concentration of P and Ca in tibiae with the birds fed on the high AME diet excreting more minerals and having a smaller percentage of these minerals in their tibiae. However, there were strong interactions between phytase addition and AME in tibia ash and P, with the phytase supplementation producing a higher ash content at the higher AME a and a lower P content at the lower AME.
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PMID:Effects of microbial phytase on growth and mineral utilisation in broilers fed on maize soyabean-based diets. 1047 31


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