Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.8 (phytase)
 1,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary concentration of defatted rice bran (DRB) and phytase and fiber-degrading enzyme (FDE) supplementation of DRB-containing diets on performance, characteristics of selected parts of the gastrointestinal tract, and tibia ash of broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, four concentrations of DRB (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5%) were tested in diets formulated to be isonitrogenous (22% CP) and isocaloric (3,000 kcal MEn/kg). Body weight and feed to gain ratio of broilers from 4 to 35 d of age were not affected by DRB concentration. A decrease in percentage tibia ash (P < 0.08) as dietary DRB increased was indicated. In Experiment 2, diets containing 22.5% DRB were supplemented with phytase (0 and 665 units/kg of diet) and FDE (equivalent to 0 and 1,000 units of xylanase/kg) in a complete factorial arrangement. A corn-soybean meal diet (CS) was included as a fifth treatment. No significant differences among dietary treatments were observed for weight gain and feed efficiency of broilers from 4 to 35 d of age. The MEn values of the DRB diets were greater (P < 0.01) than those of the CS diet, although phytase supplementation of the DRB diet, with or without FDE, reduced (P < 0.01) MEn. Phytase supplementation did not affect percentage tibia ash of chicks fed the DRB diet. The results show that up to 22.5% dietary DRB can be used successfully for broiler chickens when diets are supplemented with available P and fat.
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PMID:Utilization of defatted rice bran by broiler chickens. 882 34

Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of a microbial phytase (Natuphos), individually and in combination with glycanase preparations with predominantly xylanase (Natugrain Blend) and glucanase (Natugrain) activities, on the nutritive value of wheat and barley. In Experiment 1, the addition of xylanase and phytase increased the AME of a low-AME wheat by 9.7 and 5.3%, respectively. The differences, however, were not significant (P > 0.05). The combination of the two enzymes increased (P < 0.05) the AME of wheat by 19.0% from 2,646 to 3,149 kcal/kg dry matter. A similar trend was seen in terms of ileal amino acid digestibility values of the wheat-casein diet. In Experiment 2, the AME of normal wheat was increased (P < 0.05) by 6.3 and 4.5%, respectively, with the addition of xylanase and phytase. The combination of the two enzymes, however, did not further improve (P > 0.05) the AME values. In Experiment 3, performance of broilers fed a wheat-based diet was not influenced by the addition of individual enzymes, but increasing inclusion levels of the xylanase plus phytase combination linearly improved weight gain (r = 0.58; P < 0.01) and feed efficiency (r = 0.71; P < 0.001). In Experiment 4, the AME of barley was not influenced by the addition of glucanase or phytase. The enzyme combination marginally (P < 0.07) improved the AME at lower concentrations, but had no benefit at the highest concentration.
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PMID:Effects of phytase supplementation, individually and in combination, with glycanase, on the nutritive value of wheat and barley. 1056 Aug 33

Rice bran protein isolate (RBPI) containing approximately 92.0% protein was prepared from unstabilized and defatted rice bran using phytase and xylanase. The yield of RBPI increased from 34% to 74.6% through the use of the enzymatic treatment. Nitrogen solubilities of RBPI were 53, 8, 62, 78, 82, and 80% at pHs 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that RBPI had denaturation temperature of 83.4 degrees C with low endotherm (0.96 J/g of protein). RBPI had similar foaming properties in comparison to egg white. But emulsifying properties of RBPI were significantly lower than those of bovine serum albumin. The result of amino acid analysis showed that RBPI had a similar profile of essential amino acid requirements for 2-5-year-old children in comparison to that of casein and soy protein isolate.
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PMID:Preparation and functional properties of rice bran protein isolate. 1056 9

The production of phytase by three feed-grade filamentous fungi ( Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135, Mucor racemosus NRRL 1994 and Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 5905) on four commonly used natural feed ingredients (canola meal, cracked corn, soybean meal, wheat bran) was studied in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). A. ficuum NRRL 3135 had the highest yield [15 IU phytase activity/g dry matter (DM)] on wheat bran. By optimizing the supplementation of wheat bran with starch and (NH(4))(2)SO(4), phytase production increased to 25 IU/g DM. Optimization was carried out by Plackett-Burman and central composite experimental designs. Using optimized medium, phytase, phosphatase, alpha-amylase and xylanase production by A. ficuum NRRL 3135 was studied in Erlenmeyer flask and tray SSF. By scaling up SSF from flasks to stationary trays, activities of 20 IU phytase activity/g DM were reproducibly obtained.
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PMID:Optimization of phytase production by solid substrate fermentation. 1271 56

Two experiments with young pigs (25 d of age) were conducted to investigate the effect of multienzyme preparations on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and P utilization and excretion. In Exp. 1, 24 pigs (six pigs per treatment) were used in a 28-d performance and digestibility trial using four diets: control (no enzyme) and control supplemented with enzyme preparation A, B, or C. The control diet was formulated to meet 95% of NRC (1998) nutrient specifications (except for available P, which was at 44% NRC) and composed of corn, wheat, wheat by-products, barley, soybean meal, canola meal, and peas. All three enzyme preparations contained xylanase, glucanase, amylase, protease, invertase, and phytase activities and differed in the type of plant cell wall-degrading activities; Enzyme A contained cellulase, galactanase, and mannanase; Enzyme B contained cellulase and pectinase; and Enzyme C contained cellulase, galactanase, mannanase, and pectinase. Pigs fed enzyme-supplemented diets had higher ADG (P = 0.02) and G:F (P = 0.01) than those fed the control diet. On average, and when compared with control diet, enzyme supplementation improved (P = 0.001 to 0.04) ileal digestibility of DM (60 vs. 66%), GE (62.8 vs. 70.4%), CP (62 vs. 72%), starch (86.7 vs. 94.2%), nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; 10.1 vs. 17.6%), and phytate (59 vs. 70%). Compared with the control, total-tract digestibility of nutrients was increased (P = 0.001 to 0.01) owing to enzyme supplementation, with Enzyme C showing the highest improvement in DM, GE, CP, starch, NSP, phytate, and P utilization. Pigs fed enzyme-supplemented diets had decreased (P = 0.04) fecal P excretion. The benefit from improved nutrient utilization with enzyme supplementation was further substantiated in a 38-d growth performance study with 48 pigs. The control and Enzyme C-supplemented diets (same as Exp. 1) were assigned to six replicate pens (four pigs per pen). The study was conducted in three phases (Phase 1 = d 0 to 7; Phase 2 = d 7 to 21; Phase 3 = d 21 to 38). Individual BW and pen feed disappearance were monitored. Average daily gain and G:F were 231 and 257 g (P = 0.01), and 0.56 and 0.63 (P = 0.001) for the control and enzyme-supplemented diets, respectively. It is evident from this study that the use of enzyme preparations may allow for cost-effective and environmentally friendly formulation of young pig diets.
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PMID:Dietary supplementation with multienzyme preparations improves nutrient utilization and growth performance in weaned pigs. 1508 Mar 27

1. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of microbial phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digesta viscosity, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed on wheat-soy diets containing adequate phosphorus (P). The wheat-soy basal diet was formulated to contain 4.5 g/kg non-phytate P and the experimental diets were formulated by supplementing the basal diet with xylanase (1000 xylanase units/kg diet), phytase (500 phytase units/kg diet) or a combination of phytase and xylanase. 2. Supplemental phytase improved the weight gains and feed efficiency by 17.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Corresponding improvements due to the addition of xylanase were 16.5 and 4.9%, respectively. The combination of phytase and xylanase caused no further improvements in broiler performance. 3. Individual additions of xylanase or phytase resulted in numerical improvements in apparent metabolisable energy (AME), but the differences were not significant. The combination of the two enzymes significantly increased AME. Addition of xylanase and the combination of the two enzymes reduced the viscosity of digesta in all sections of the intestine. Phytase supplementation reduced digesta viscosity in the duodenum and ileum, but not in the jejunum. 4. Enzyme supplementation lowered the relative weight and length of the small intestine. Additions of xylanase and phytase reduced the relative weight of the small intestine by 15.5 and 11.4%, respectively, while the corresponding reductions in the relative length of the small intestine were 16.5 and 14.1%, respectively. The combination of phytase and xylanase had no further effects on the relative weight and length of the small intestine compared with the xylanase group. 5. The addition of phytase increased villus height in the duodenum and decreased the number of goblet cells in the jejunum compared with those on the unsupplemented basal diet. Xylanase supplementation tended to increase goblet cell numbers in the duodenum and decreased crypt depth in thejejunum. The combination of phytase and xylanase increased villus height in the ileum and crypt depth in thejejunum and ileum. 6. In summary, the present results showed that the addition of a microbial phytase, produced by solid state fermentation and containing significant activities of beta-glucanase and xylanase, was as effective as xylanase in improving the performance of broiler chickens fed on wheat-based diets containing adequate levels of P. Improved performance with enzyme supplementation was generally associated with reduced digesta viscosity, increased AME, and reduced relative weight and length of small intestine.
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PMID:Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus. 1511 4

The global livestock population is estimated to be close to 4 billion animals, and to produce around 500 million tons of manure annually (Baidoo, 2003). This is expected to increase in the future with the projected greater demand for meat for human consumption. The problem of manure disposal is exacerbated by the concentration of animal production in increasingly large units, to obtain economies of scale and keep up with the demand for cheap food. The primary environmentalfactors are manure volume, manure nitrogen and phosphorus contents, methane production and odour (Jongbloed and Lenis, 1998). Legislation in many regions now restricts the amount of manure that can be applied per hectare, to prevent environmental pollution (Centner, 2001; Pellini and Morris, 2001). There are a number of strategies the animal production industry can take to reduce environmental impact. These include taking steps to improve the efficiency of conversion of feed into edible products, reduce feed wastage and formulate diets that more closely satisfy animal requirements for specific nutrients. At present 50-80% of the nitrogen and phosphorus fed to animals are not utilized but are excreted via manure and urine to the environment (Baidoo, 2003). Biotechnology could play a very important role in reducing the environmental impact of animal production. Examples include the development of animals more efficient at converting nutrients into edible products, and of higher quality, more digestible feedstuffs. Biotechnology can also be used to produce a range of feed additives that can improve the efficiency of animal production, including for example recombinant somatrophin, amino acids and enzymes. This paper summarizes a series of four experiments looking at the effects of microbial xylanase or phytase supplementation on excretion in swine and poultry. This summary indicates that the inclusion of these enzymes in animal feeds can reduce manure volume by up to 14%, and nitrogen and phosphorus outputs by up to 13% and 70%, respectively.
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PMID:Reducing environmental pollution using animal feed enzymes. 1529 79

The effects of microbial 3-phytase and glycosidase enzymes, and their interactions, on energy values and nutrient digestibility in diets rich in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) were studied in diets based on corn, wheat, or barley. Four diets were prepared with each cereal grain. One had no enzymes, a second had 500 units of phytase, a third had glycosidase enzyme, and a fourth had phytase and glycosidase. The glycosidases used were alpha-galactosidase (corn diet), xylanase (wheat), and beta-glucanase (barley). Glycosidase decreased intestinal viscosity, whereas phytase increased this parameter in corn diets. Phytase increased AME in corn diets, whereas beta-glucanase in barley diets improved AME and AMEn, and digestibility of dry matter, starch, beta-glucans, and lipid. Xylanase in wheat diets improved dry matter and starch digestibility. Phytase increased total phosphorus retention in all diets, and significant interactions between glycosidase enzymes and phytase were detected in wheat and barley diets. Phytase decreased phosphorus excretion in corn and barley diets, whereas alpha-galactosidase increased phosphorus excretion in corn diets. Phytase in corn diets and beta-glucanase in barley diets increased calcium retention, whereas inclusion of xylanase decreased calcium retention in wheat diets. Phytase and beta-glucanase decreased calcium excretion in corn- and barley-based diets, respectively. An interaction was detected between phytase and beta-glucanase in barley diets, in which calcium excretion was reduced. In general, no negative interactions between phytase and glycosidase enzymes were found, indicating that both types of enzymes may be used together in feeds based on corn, wheat, or barley.
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PMID:Assessment of potential interactions between phytase and glycosidase enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility in broilers. 1584 13

To investigate the additive effects of xylanase, amylase, protease, and phytase in the diets of broiler chickens, a study was conducted using 1,152 growing broiler chicks (8 treatments with 12 replicate pens of 12 chicks). The birds were fed a corn/soybean-based negative control (NC) diet that was formulated to be nutritionally marginal in terms of metabolizable energy, Ca, and P. A nutritionally adequate positive control (PC) diet was fed for comparison. The NC diet was supplemented with phytase; a cocktail of xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP); or a combination of phytase and XAP at 100 or 200 mg of each enzyme/kg (200 mg of XAP/kg provided a guaranteed minimum of 300 U of xylanase, 400 U of amylase, and 4,000 U of protease/kg; 200 mg of phytase/kg provided a guaranteed minimum of 1,000 U of phytase/kg). Growth performance, ileal digestible energy (IDE), and the digestibility coefficients of N, Ca, P, and DM were calculated. Individually and in combination, both phytase and XAP improved (P < 0.05) gain-to-feed ratio compared with the NC diet, particularly at the highest inclusion concentration. Body weight gain followed a similar trend, showing an improvement of approximately 6 to 7% with either enzyme individually and a 14% improvement with a combination of phytase and XAP. The effect of enzymes on IDE and nutrient digestibility coefficients was not as marked, but a 165 kcal/kg reduction in IDE was noted between the NC and PC diets, and a combination of phytase and XAP improved IDE by >100 kcal/kg. It can be concluded that the use of phytase and XAP individually in a corn/soybean meal-based diet is effective in improving nutrient digestibility and performance of broilers fed nutritionally marginal diets. Furthermore, there may be an additive effect of phytase and XAP on broiler performance, giving a cost-effective nutritional strategy for the profitable production of poultry products.
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PMID:Carbohydrases, protease, and phytase have an additive beneficial effect in nutritionally marginal diets for broiler chicks. 1647 42

A trial was conducted to investigate potential interactions between phytase and xylanase enzymes in wheat-based laying diets. Hens (480 ISA-White and 480 ISA-Brown) were distributed into 160 experimental units and fed one of 10 diets containing 75 to 77% wheat from 33 to 64 wk of age with a diet change at 49 wk. Two diets were adequate in P content (0.3 and 0.25% available P in the 2 phases) with or without xylanase (0 or 2,000 U/kg; Avizyme 2300, Danisco Animal Nutrition, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom), and 8 diets had reduced P (0.2 and 0.15% available P) with or without xylanase and phytase (0, 300, 500, and 700 ppu/kg; Phyzyme 5000G, Danisco Animal Nutrition). Egg production was higher for ISA-Brown than for ISA-White hens, and ISA-Brown hens were larger. Eggs from ISA-Brown hens had lower albumen height; higher egg, shell, and albumen weights; and lower yolk weight than those from ISA-White hens. Egg production was not affected by the diet. In P-reduced diets without xylanase, phytase significantly increased BW gain in the first period with no change in feed intake or feed efficiency. In P-adequate diets, xylanase increased egg and albumen weight and albumen height. In P-reduced diets with xylanase, increasing levels of phytase increased egg and albumen weight. This trial demonstrated no negative interactions between these enzymes for production traits and no interactions between the diet and strain of hen. These data suggest that poultry producers can use these enzymes individually or together in feed for the Brown and White egg layers used in this study without concern for the strain of hen.
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PMID:A study on the interaction of xylanase and phytase enzymes in wheat-based diets fed to commercial white and brown egg laying hens. 1652 30


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