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Query: EC:3.1.3.8 (phytase)
 1,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-wk feeding trial with 240 sexed, day-old broiler chickens was conducted to determine the efficacy of microbial phytase at different levels of dietary Ca on performance and utilization of minerals in broiler chickens fed a low-P corn-soybean diet. The experimental design was a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments; Ca at 0.6, 1.0, and 1.25% and phytase at 0 and 600 phytase U/kg diet. Phytase supplementation, regardless of Ca level, increased (P < or = 0.005) feed intake, (P < or = 0.0001) body weight, and (P < or = 0.025) feed efficiency at 21 d; the optimum levels of body weight, feed intake, and feed efficiency were obtained with low (0.6%) dietary Ca plus phytase. Retentions of P, Ca, and N were increased (P < or = 0.05) by phytase supplementation. Although maximum retentions of P and N were obtained at the 1.0 and 1.25% Ca levels, respectively, they were not significantly different from the values obtained at 0.6% Ca. The increasing level of dietary Ca decreased plasma P ( P < or = 0.05) and Cu (P < or = 0.06). Phytase supplementation had the opposite effect; i.e., increased plasma P (P < or = 0.03) and Cu (P < or = 0.02). The maximum level of plasma P was obtained with phytase at the 1.0% Ca level, but this value was not significantly different from the value obtained with phytase at the 0.6% Ca level. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.04) the ash content of both tibia head and shaft but had no effect on mineral contents in the ash. The optimum level of ash content was observed with the 0.06% Ca diet plus phytase. The results show that microbial phytase supplementation to a low P diet improved growth performance and mineral utilization in broiler chickens. Dietary Ca levels had a significant effect on the response to phytase; the optimum growth performance and mineral utilization were achieved at the low (0.6%) level of dietary Ca supplemented with phytase.
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PMID:Efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase at different dietary calcium levels on growth performance and mineral utilization of broiler chickens. 900 Feb 77

The present study was performed to evaluate the potential of microbial phytase and cholecalciferol (D3) for improving the utilization of phytate P and Ca and the influence of the Car:total (t) P ratio in a corn-soybean meal diet fed to broilers from hatch to 21 d of age. A 4 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used: 1.1, 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0:1 Ca:tP ratio; 0, 300, 600, and 900 U of phytase/kg of diet; and 66 and 660 micrograms of D3/kg of diet. Another four treatments were included: the four Ca:tP ratios with 6,600 micrograms of D3 addition, but without phytase. Added phytase linearly increased (P < 0.001) BW gain, feed intake, toe ash content, and P and Ca retention; these measurements were negatively influenced by widening the dietary Ca:tP ratio, and synergetically improved by addition of D3. Increasing the Ca:tP ratio decreased (P < 0.001) all measurements in the presence or absence of supplemental phytase and D3. Dietary Ca:tP ratios between 1.1:1 to 1.4:1 appears critical to the efficient use of supplemental phytase and D3 for improving the utilization of phytate P and Ca. The addition of D3 in corn-soybean meal diets indicated a potential for improving the utilization of phytate P and Ca by increasing Ca and P retention by about 5 to 12% in birds, which led to an increase in toe ash content (P < 0.03). The enhanced phytate P utilization (P < 0.001) was also observed during assay of the phytase activity in the mixed diets with an addition of D3 and without added phytase. In summary, the findings of this study suggested that phytase, D3, and Ca:tP are important factors in degrading phytate and improving phytate P and Ca utilization in broilers.
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PMID:Utilization of phytate phosphorus and calcium as influenced by microbial phytase, cholecalciferol, and the calcium: total phosphorus ratio in broiler diets. 903 86

The efficacy of a recombinantly derived microbial phytase (Natuphos 5000, BASF Corp.) was evaluated in sorghum-soybean meal-based diets of finishing swine. During the 50- to 80- and 80- to 118-kg BW intervals, diets contained .40 and .39% plant P, respectively; control diets fed during the two weight intervals were supplemented with .08 and .04% inorganic P from dicalcium phosphate. The all plant-P diets were supplemented with 0, 300, or 500 phytase units (FTU) per kilogram of diet. Supplemental P (P = .09) and phytase (linear, P = .01) increased growth rate but did not affect feed efficiency. Dietary treatment did not affect quantitative carcass traits, CP, fat, or moisture content of the loin or taste panel scores of the cooked loin other than a quadratic decrease (P = .02) in connective tissue amount as phytase supplementation increased. Apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities of DM, GE, and N were not affected (P > .25) by phytase supplementation, whereas ileal and total tract digestibilities of Ca and P increased (P < .05 or P < .01) with increasing phytase supplementation. Ultimate load and ash content of the third and fourth metacarpals and metatarsals and serum P levels increased in response to inorganic P and phytase supplementation. Pig performance, carcass traits, and bone traits were essentially equal for the 300 and 500 FTU/kg treatments. These results show that phytase effectively liberates P in sorghum-based diets, and that 300 FTU/kg (or less) will optimize performance and carcass merit of finishing swine.
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PMID:Efficacy of Natuphos in sorghum-based diets of finishing swine. 915 77

Ninety-six (Finnish Landrace x Dutch Landrace) reproductive sows were used at parities 1, 3, 5, and 7 + 8 from d 107 of gestation to d 21 of lactation to investigate the effects of diet and parity on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Animals were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were 1) a P-deficient (1.1 g digestible P [dP]/kg) Dutch semipractical diet; 2) Diet 1 supplemented with 400 FTU Aspergillus niger phytase per kilogram of diet (1.7 g dP/kg); 3) a corn-soybean meal-based diet (1.3 g dP/kg); and 4) Diet 3 supplemented with extra monocalcium phosphate (MCP; 2.4 g dP/kg of diet). Animals were fed twice daily at 2.8 times maintenance (418 kJ ME/ BW75) from d 8 to the end of lactation. Feces and urine were collected during d 11 to 13 and d 18 to 20 of lactation. The ATTD of DM, OM, ash, CP, Ca, Mg, and total P (P < .01) were higher for the corn-soybean meal-based diets than for the Dutch semipractical diet not supplemented with phytase. Addition of MCP enhanced total P ATTD by an average of 6.7 percentage units. Addition of microbial phytase improved Ca, Mg, and total P ATTD, but the effects were dependent on the stage of lactation. Lower ATTD of OM and CP were seen for first parity animals compared with higher parity sows. The ATTD of Mg increased with increasing parity. Parity had little effect on the ATTD of minerals during lactation, and dietary effects were prominent and followed a similar trend to those seen in growing-finishing pigs.
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PMID:The effects of sow parity on digestibility of proximate components and minerals during lactation as influenced by diet and microbial phytase supplementation. 926 62

Two chick assays were conducted in an attempt to understand how 1alpha-hydroxylated cholecalciferol compounds [1,25-(OH)2 D3 and 1alpha-OH D3] function in chicks to improve utilization of phytate-bound phosphorus (P) and trace minerals. Mucosal tissue from chicks fed a P-deficient corn-soybean meal diet, with or without supplemental 1alpha-OH D3, was incubated with sodium phytate. Inorganic P (Pi) release from sodium phytate, a measure of mucosal phytase activity, was not influenced by 1alpha-OH D3 presence in the diet. Increasing doses of mucosal protein in tubes containing sodium phytate resulted in marked increases (P < 0.01) in Pi release, but 1alpha-OH D3 in the diet from which the duodenal mucosal tissue was obtained had no effect on Pi release. Similarly, addition of either 1alpha-OH D3 or 1,25-(OH)2 D3 directly to the incubation tubes had no effect on Pi production. Efficacy of supplemental 1alpha-OH D3 and phytase was also tested in cecectomized vs. sham-operated chicks that were fed P-deficient and cholecalciferol-adequate corn-soybean meal diets. Removal of the twin ceca was done in an attempt to remove much of the intestinal microbial activity, and in turn, much of the gut microbial phytase activity. Marked increases (P < 0.01) in bone ash occurred in response to phytase or 1alpha-OH D3 supplementation, and cecectomized birds responded to either addition in the same manner as sham-operated controls. The data suggest that the marked phytate-P releasing capacity of dietary 1alpha-OH D3 or 1, 25-(OH)2 D3 is not caused by an increased specific activity of intestinal phytase.
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PMID:1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol does not increase the specific activity of intestinal phytase but does improve phosphorus utilization in both cecectomized and sham-operated chicks fed cholecalciferol-adequate diets. 931 64

Commercial and laboratory-strain crossbred chicks responded (P < .01) markedly to 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha-OH D3) during the 2nd and 3rd wk of life. Bone-ash responses exceeded 50% when this compound was added at 20 microg/kg to phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets containing surfeit levels (25 microg/kg) of cholecalciferol (D3). Phosphorus excretion was decreased (P < .01) and, thus, retention was increased (P < .01) when 1alpha-OH D3 was supplemented. A P-deficient (.10% P) casein-amino acid purified diet, devoid of D3, was used to determine whether 15 microg/kg of D3 was sufficient to facilitate optimal absorption of the nonphytate P contained in this diet. Bone ash responded to .075% P addition (KH2PO4), and chicks fed diets with .175% nonphytate P exhibited further bone-ash responses to 15 microg/kg of D3 or 10 microg/kg 1alpha-OH D3. Higher levels of either of these D3 compounds did not produce additional responses. This suggested that 15 to 25 microg/kg of D3 in a P-deficient corn-soybean meal diet (.28% phytate P and .14% nonphytate P) is more than adequate to facilitate optimal absorption of the nonphytate P present in the diet. A P-deficient casein-dextrose diet (.13% nonphytate P and 15 microg/kg D3) was fed in the final chick assay, and chicks fed this diet did not show bone ash responses to 1alpha-OH D3 or to microbial-derived phytase (1,470 units/kg). Thus, with P-deficient corn-soybean meal diets containing at least 15 microg D3/kg, 1alpha-OH D3 supplementation markedly increased weight gain and bone ash because it increased the utilization of phytate P.
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PMID:Utilization of phytate and nonphytate phosphorus in chicks as affected by source and amount of vitamin D3. 937 14

Two experiments using 413 crossbred growing-finishing pigs were conducted to assess the use of a commercial microbial phytase (Natuphos) in corn-soybean meal diets to improve phytate P bioavailability and thus reduce inorganic P supplementation and fecal P excretion. In Exp. 1 (n = 189), the following diets were used: 1) .50/.40% total P, respectively, for grower and finisher phases, and no phytase; 2) .40/.35% P and no phytase; 3) diet 2 plus 250 U phytase/kg; and 4) diet 2 plus 500 U phytase/ kg. The total Ca level was .58/.48% for diet 1 and .53/.43% Ca for diets 2, 3, and 4 in the grower and finisher phases, respectively. Feeding the low-P diet without supplemental phytase resulted in an overall 18% reduction in ADG (P < .05), 15% reduction in ADFI (P < .05), and 3% poorer feed efficiency (P < .08). Adding 250 to 500 U phytase/kg to the low-P diet restored ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion to levels not significantly different from and within 96% of that observed for pigs fed the adequate-P diet. The overall apparent digestibility of P was linearly (P < .01) improved with addition of 250 and 500 U phytase/kg to the low-P diet, but Ca and DM digestibilities were not affected by phytase or P level. In Exp. 2 (n = 224) the following diets were used: 1) .38/.33% total P, respectively, for grower and finisher phases, and no phytase; 2) .42/.37% P and no phytase; 3) .46/.41% P and no phytase; 4) diet 1 plus 167 U/kg phytase; 5) diet 1 plus 333 U/kg phytase; and 6) diet 1 plus 500 U/kg phytase. All diets contained .41/.36% Ca for grower and finisher phases, respectively. Pigs fed the low-P control diet grew slower (P < .01) and less efficiently (P < .10) than pigs fed diets with added P or phytase. With increasing levels of supplemental phytase or P there was a linear increase (P < .01) in ADG, digestibility of P, and digested P and a quadratic improvement (P < .05) in feed efficiency. Tenth rib mineralization based on shear force and ash were linearly increased (P < .08 to .001) as phytase or P was added to the low-P diet. There were generally no effects of P or phytase level on carcass quality. Using prediction equations derived from the response traits of ADG and P digestibility in Exp. 1 and ADG, P digestibility, and bone shear force in Exp. 2 to added phytase or P, we estimated that 500 U phytase released an amount of phytate P that was approximately equivalent to .87 to .96 g of P from dicalcium-monocalcium phosphate supplements. Fecal P excretion was estimated to be reduced 21.5%.
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PMID:Phytase supplementation of low-phosphorus growing-finishing pig diets improves performance, phosphorus digestibility, and bone mineralization and reduces phosphorus excretion. 941 91

Crossbred growing-finishing pigs (n = 120) were used to investigate the effect of three dietary Ca:total P (tP) ratios (1.5:1, 1.3:1, or 1.0:1) on P utilization in low-P corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase at 500 phytase units/kg. The basal grower (23 to 54 kg BW) diet contained .39% tP including .07% added inorganic P (iP), and the basal finisher (54 to 123 kg BW) diet contained .32% tP without added iP. An adequate-P positive control diet without phytase supplementation contained .60% Ca and .50% tP during the growing phase and .50% Ca and .40% tP during the finishing phase. Lowering the Ca:tP ratio linearly increased ADG during the growing phase (P < .03) and overall (P < .08), gain:feed ratio during the growing phase (P < .001), and P absorption during the finishing phase (P < .04). Lowering the Ca:tP ratio linearly increased BW at slaughter (P < .02), carcass weight (P < .04), bone breaking strength (P < .04), and bone ash weight (P < .06), whereas dressing percentage and backfat depth remained unchanged. In conclusion, pig performance and P utilization were increased by lowering the Ca:tP ratio from 1.5:1 to 1.0:1 in low-P corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase.
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PMID:Lowering the dietary calcium to total phosphorus ratio increases phosphorus utilization in low-phosphorus corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase for growing-finishing pigs. 953 41

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing a corn-soybean layer diet with either phytase, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3], or their combination. The basal diet was formulated to contain 3.00% Ca and 0.33% total P. In Experiment 1, 160, 56-wk-old laying hens were randomly assigned to treatment groups fed either the basal diet alone or diets supplemented with either 600 phytase units (FTU) per kilogram feed, 5 microg 1,25-(OH)2D3/kg feed, or their combination for an experimental period of 9 wk. Experiment 2 had the same design and treatment groups except that laying hens 24 wk of age were used for 8 wk. In both experiments, phytase had a positive effect on BW and increased plasma dialyzable P, tibia bone ash, and phytate P retention. In the first experiment, the addition of phytase, 1,25-(OH)2D3, or their combination prevented a rapid decrease in egg production due to a Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection observed in hens fed the basal diet. However, no benefit in egg production was obtained in the second experiment. No effects on egg weight and egg specific gravity were observed in both experiments. These results clearly indicate that phytase, and to a lesser extent 1,25-(OH)2D3, can be used to increase the utilization of phytate P by laying hens.
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PMID:The effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and phytase on the natural phytate phosphorus utilization by laying hens. 962 33

Male broilers (n = 416) were used to compare the efficacy of providing dietary phytase either as a commercial supplement or as a recombinant protein in transformed soybean. From 7 to 21 d of age, broilers were fed a basal diet containing 0.20% nonphytate P (nP) with additional supplementation by fungal phytase as Natuphos or as raw transformed soybeans expressing recombinant phytase at 400, 800, or 1,200 U/kg. For comparison, broilers were also fed the basal diet containing 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24 added nP. The basal diet was fed as the negative control. Diets were consumed ad libitum as a mash. All excreta were collected from each pen from 18 through 20 d of age, and the birds were killed at 21 d of age. Supplementing the basal diet with nP linearly increased body weight gain, feed efficiency, feed intake, toe ash weight and percentage, and tibia shear force and energy. Phosphorus digestibility decreased linearly as nP level increased, but P excretion increased. Dietary phytase linearly increased growth rate, feed intake, toe ash weight and percentage, tibia shear force and energy, and P digestibility, whereas excretion was decreased. Except for P digestibility, there was no difference in efficacy of responses for performance, bone mineralization, and P excretion between the two sources of phytase. It appears from this study that phytase can improve growth performance of broilers fed low nP diets when provided either as a commercial supplement or in the form of transformed seeds.
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PMID:Soybeans transformed with a fungal phytase gene improve phosphorus availability for broilers. 962 38


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