Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase)
 3,167 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rat brains have been studied after treatment with oral doses of 50 mg imipramine/day for 3 and 6 months. 20 brains have been studied histologically, 3 brains electronmicroscopically, 6 brains histochemically as well as 34 controll brains. On the light microscopic level no pathologic changes of intravital origin have been revealed. The hyperchromatic changes of neurons were of the same character and degree and showed the same topic distribution in the experimental and in the control group. They should be regarded as postmortem artifacts. The pyramidal cells of hippocampus field h3, the Purkinje cells and the Golgi epithelial cells have been examined by electron microscopy. Besides a possible slight induction of lysosomes no alterations could be found. The histochemical studies (succinate dehydrogenase, ATPase, AMPase, acid phosphatase, PAS, methylgreenpyronin) revealed no differences between the experimental and the control group.
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PMID:[Histological, electromicroscopical and histochemical studies on the central nervous system of rats after chronic treatment with imipramine (author's transl)]. 15 68

Distinct morphological regions, initial, middle and terminal segments, were distinguishable histologically; the middle segment was further subdivided into proximal, intermediated and distal parts. PAS-positive, diastase-resistant reaction was detected in the blood vessels, subepithelial tissue and stereocilia of all segments. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in the epithelial cells with the highest activity being in the proximal part of the middle segment. Non-specific esterase gave a similar reaction but the strongest activity was in the terminal segment. Alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and adenosine monophosphatase were of similar activity in the subepithelial tissue, blood vessels, stereocilia and luminal contents; the strongest reaction occurred in the middle segment. Lactate, succinate, glutamate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases were examined; LDH was more active than the others particularly in the terminal segment. Some reaction was found in the epithelial cells, subepithelial tissue and luminal contents.
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PMID:On the regional histology and histochemistry of the epididymis of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). 15 47

The intestinal epithelium of Ascardia galli has been studied with various cytological and cytochemical techniques. It consists of large epithelial cells resting on a thick collagenous basal lamina. Their luminal surface is provided with microvilli. The intestinal cells store considerable amounts of glycogen and neutral lipids. Some intracellular granular inclusions, which stain for proteins, phospholipids and lipoproteins, are distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The brush border is composed of microvilli whereas the outer surface coat consists of saliva resistant PAS-positive material. The detailed histochemical analysis of surface material has revealed that it is composed of nonacetylated acid mucopolysaccharides rich in hyaluronic acid with carboxylate polyanions. The brush border shows intense activities of acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase, moderate of ATPase, and lipase, weak of 5'-nucleotidase. Acid phosphatase-positive intracellular structures are seen in the intestinal epithelium which form distinct aggregations.
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PMID:Morphological and histochemical observations on the intestinal epithelium of Ascardia galli (Nematoda: Ascaridida). 21 46

In tissue decalcified with MgNa2EDTA at a neutral pH activity for ATPase can used be for demonstration of the vascular structures at the muscle-bone interface. The GOMORI method for alkaline phosphatase is only of value, when fresh unfixed tissue is to be examined. The azo-dye method for alkaline phosphatase failed to give satisfactory results, and so did the alpha-amylase PAS method. 5'-nucleotidase activity is present in both capillaries and in cells lining the surfaces of bones, while larger blood vessels are poorly stained.
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PMID:Methods for histochemical demonstration of vascular structures at the muscle-bone interface from cryostate sections of demineralized tissue. 616 24

The spatial distribution and migration of Kurloff cells containing PAS-positive large inclusion bodies in the thymus of estradiol-treated guinea pigs were histochemically studied by a combination of light and electron microscopy. Male guinea pigs were examined at various intervals from 7 days to 3 months after a single subcutaneous injection of estradiol. Differentiation of lymphatics from blood capillaries was performed by a 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) staining method and the occurrence of Kurloff cells within 5'-Nase-positive lymphatics was confirmed by ultrastructural histochemistry. Several Kurloff cells first appeared at 7 days within lymphatics in the thymic capsule or interlobular connective tissues. At 12-15 days after estradiol administration, a lymphatic accumulation, a so-called "lymphatic center", was seen in the thymic septa even though few Kurloff cells were present within the thymic parenchyma. The "lymphatic center" contained many Kurloff cells located in its periphery and in the surrounding marginal sinus which communicated with the thymic interlobular lymphatics. At 21 days after estradiol, Kurloff cells were preferentially accumulated along the corticomedullary junction extravascularly. Later the distribution was more diffuse. The conspicuous accumulation of Kurloff cells in the corticomedullary region could reflect an inability of Kurloff cells to use blood vessels as a route for migration. These findings strongly suggest the afferent migration of Kurloff cells into the thymus via lymphatics.
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PMID:Afferent migration of the Kurloff cells via lymphatics into the thymus of estradiol-treated guinea pigs. 916 93

Cupric sulfate is an inorganic salt which is widely used in industry, agriculture, and veterinary medicine. Its applications include use as an algicide in potable waters and as a feed additive and therapeutic agent in swine, sheep, and cattle. Because copper salts are found in human water supplies, toxicity studies of cupric sulfate pentahydrate were conducted in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice by the drinking water (2-week studies only) and dosed feed routes (2-week and 13-week studies). Animals were evaluated for hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, reproductive toxicity, tissue metal accumulation, and histopathology. In the 2-week drinking water studies, groups of five rats and five mice per sex received cupric sulfate at concentrations of 300 to 30,000 ppm for 15 days. One female rat, one male mouse, and three female mice in the 3000 ppm groups and all rats and mice in the 10,000 and 30,000 ppm groups died before the end of the studies. The remaining mice and rats in the 3000 ppm groups gained little or lost weight. Water consumption in the three highest dose groups of both species was reduced by more than 65%. Clinical signs observed in these groups were typical of those seen in moribund animals and were attributed to dehydration. The only gross or microscopic change specifically related to cupric sulfate toxicity was an increase in the size and number of cytoplasmic protein droplets in the epithelium of the renal proximal convoluted tubule in male rats from the 300 and 1000-ppm groups. In the 2-week feed studies, groups of five rats and five mice per sex were fed diets containing 1000 to 16,000 ppm cupric sulfate. No chemical-related deaths occurred in any dose group. Compared to the controls, rats and mice in the two highest dose groups had reduced body weight gains which were attributed to decreased feed consumption. Hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis of the squamous epithelium on the limiting ridge of the forestomach was seen in rats and mice of each sex; this lesion was more severe in rats than in mice. Inflammation of the liver, periportal to midzonal in distribution, occurred in rats in the 8000 and 16,000 ppm groups. Depletion of hematopoietic cells was evident in rats of each sex in the bone marrow (8000 and 16,000 ppm) and spleen (16,000 ppm). Kidneys of male and female rats in the 4000, 8000, and 16,000 ppm groups had an increased number and size of protein droplets in the epithelia of the renal cortical tubules. In the 13-week feed studies, groups of 10 rats per sex received diets containing 500 to 8000 ppm cupric sulfate, and groups of 10 mice per sex received diets containing 1000 to 16,000 ppm cupric sulfate for 92 days; estimates of cupric sulfate consumption ranged from 32 to 551 mg/kg per day for rats and 173 to 4157 mg/kg per day for mice. There were no chemical-related deaths in rats or mice, and no clinical signs of cupric sulfate toxicity were recorded. Final mean body weights were lower than those of the controls for animals of both species receiving doses of 4000 ppm cupric sulfate and greater. In mice in the 13-week studies, there was a dose-related decrease in liver weights. Hematologic, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis evaluations of rats in the 13-week study revealed variable chemical-related changes that were, for the most part, restricted to the 4000 and 8000 ppm groups. Increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities in both sexes were indicative of hepatocellular damage, as were increases in 5'-nucleotidase and bile salts in males. Decreases in mean cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin indicated the development of a microcytic anemia, while increases in reticulocyte numbers at the same time points suggested a compensatory response to the anemia by the bone marrow. Increases in urinary glucose and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (a lysosomal enzyme) and aspartate aminotransferase (alpha-cytosolic enzyme) were suggestive of renal tubule epithelial damage. Dose-related increases in copper occurred in all male rat tissues examined (lissues examined (liver, kidney, plasma, and testis). These increases were accompanied by increases in zinc in the liver and kidney. Plasma calcium was significantly reduced in the 4000 and 8000 ppm groups, and there was a trend toward reductions in calcium in the kidney and testis as well. In the 8000 ppm group, plasma magnesium was significantly increased relative to the controls. Rats in the three highest dose groups had hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the forestomach, inflammation of the liver, and increases in the number and size of protein droplets in the epithelial cytoplasm and the lumina of the proximal convoluted tubules. These effects were similar to those seen in the 2-week feed study, and the incidence and severity of these lesions were dose related. Many of the droplets in male rat kidneys were large and had irregular crystalline shapes. These droplets stained strongly positive for protein but were negative by iron, PAS, and acid-fast (lipofuscin) staining methods. α-2-Microglobulin was present in the droplets of male rats, but there was no dose- related, qualitative difference in the content of this protein. In the 4000 and 8000 ppm groups, copper was distributed in a periportal to midzonal pattern in the liver and was restricted to the cytoplasm of the proximal convoluted tubule epithelium in the kidney. Copper was present in some, but not all, of the protein droplets. Transmission electron microscopy of the livers of rats of each sex revealed increases in the number of secondary lysosomes in hepatocytes in the periportal area. In mice of each sex receiving 4000 ppm cupric sulfate and higher in the 13-week study, there was a dose-related increase in hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis of the squamous mucosa on the limiting ridge of the forestomach. Minimal positive staining for copper was present in the liver and was limited to high-dose (16,000 ppm) male and female mice. Cupric sulfate produced no adverse effects on any of the reproductive parameters measured in rats or mice of either sex. In summary, administration of cupric sulfate to rats in feed or drinking water resulted in significant gastric changes and hepatic and renal damage. The primary lesion in rats was an increase in the size and number of proteinaceous droplets in the epithelial cytoplasm and lumen of the proximal convoluted tubule. For rats in the 13-week study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for evidence of histologic injury to the kidney was 1000 ppm for males and 500 ppm for females, while the NOAEL for liver inflammation was 1000 ppm for males and 2000 ppm for females. Hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis of the epithelium on the limiting ridge separating the forestomach from the glandular stomach was also seen in rats of each sex, and the NOAEL for this change was 1000-ppm cupric sulfate in the feed. Additionally, clinical pathology alterations noted in the 13-week study, along with histologic changes in bone marrow noted in the 2-week feed study, were indicative of a microcytic anemia with a compensatory bone marrow response. Mice appeared to be much more resistant to the toxic effects of cupric sulfate than rats. The primary target tissue in mice was the epithelium of the limiting ridge of the forestomach. The NOAEL for the hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis seen at this site in mice was 2000-ppm cupric sulfate in the feed. Synonyms: Chalcanthite; Copper sulfate; cupric sulfate pentahydrate; bluestone; blue vitriol; Roman vitriol; Salzburg vitriol. (NOTE: These studies were supported in part by funds from the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act trust fund (Superfund) by an interagency agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public Health Service.)
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PMID:NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Cupric Sulfate (CAS No. 7758-99-8) Administered in Drinking Water and Feed to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. 1220 95