Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase)
 3,167 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Centrifugation of homogenates of bovine retinas to isopycnic equilibrium in sucrose density gradients yielded three partially overlapping bands of particles which were, in the order of increasing density: (a) photoreceptor cell (rod) outer segments; (b) plasma membranes, lysosomes, and large fragments of endoplasmic reticulum; and (c) mitochondria. The only enzyme activity investigated which had a peak coinciding only with outer segment fractions was guanylate cyclase. Enzyme activities with peaks in both the outer segment and denser fractions included 5'-nucleotidase and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. Enzyme activities with peaks only in the denser fractions included sodium and potassium ion-activated ATPase ((Na+ + K+)-ATPase), adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, and succinate-dependent cytochrome c reductase. These results suggest that some of the activities once thought to be present in rod outer segments are actually present in particles from elsewhere in the retina which contaminate rod outer segment preparations.
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PMID:Distribution of enzyme activities in subcellular fractions of bovine retina. 0 65

1. Highly sensitive technique are described for the assay of plasma membrane (5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase), microsomal (neutral alpha-glucosidase, leucyl-2-naphthylamidase) and biliary canalicular (gamma-glutamyltransferase) enzymes and for nine acid hydrolases (acid phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase) in human liver. 2. Optimum and specific assay systems have been developed which give linear kinetics for all enzymes. 3. The range of enzyme activities in samples of human liver, obtained by closed needle biopsy, and sera have been determined.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in human liver biopsies: assay methods and activities of some lysosomal and membrane-bound enzymes in control tissue and serum. 1 4

Serum enzymes have not proved useful in evaluation of patients with early colon cancer, but certain enzymes such as transpeptidase, phosphohexone isosomerase, or 5'-nucleotidase have been of assistance in following the course of the disease, particularly in patients with metastatic spread to the liver. Attempts have been made to improve the utility of enzyme analysis in colon cancer by examination of enzyme patterns in colon biopsy specimens, feces, and colon washings. These studies, which will be summarized, are of importance in the possible development of diagnostic tools and as probes in the understanding of the etiology of colon cancer. The technical problems in carrying out these assays in humans, as well as the significance of the activity of aryl sulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-p-osphate dehydrogenase, and other enzymes will be considered.
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PMID:Enzymes in colon cancer. General information. 76 57

Release of PI-anchoring enzymes and other effects of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Bacillus thuringiensis on TN-368 cells from a moth ovary. Toxicon 27, 637-645, 1989.--The effect of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C(PIPLC) from Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated on TN-368 cells, derived from the ovary of a moth, Trichoplusia ni. Quantitative analysis of lipids showed that phosphatidylinositol (PI) was contained as one of the major phospholipids in TN-368 cells, whereas sphingomyelin and cholesterol were minor lipid components. When TN-368 cells were treated with PIPLC, significant amounts of alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and beta-glucosidase were released from these cells. Thus, these enzymes were shown to be PI-anchoring proteins in the plasma membrane of these cells. In the presence of 4.2 units of PIPLC, the cell growth of TN-368 was inhibited by 50%. In contrast with normal cells, the cells cultured in the presence of PIPLC became swollen and globular, losing their protoplasmic extensions. Also, there was degeneration of the interior of TN-368 cells cultivated in the presence of PIPLC. Mitochondria became swollen with a decrease in number of granules while the crista turned transparent. Also, an increase in lysosomes was observed and vacuoles seemingly derived from smooth endoplasmic reticula appeared.
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PMID:Release of PI-anchoring enzymes and other effects of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Bacillus thuringiensis on TN-368 cells from a moth ovary. 274 61

Smooth muscle cells were dissociated from normal rabbit aorta by incubating the tissue in Hanks' solution containing elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. The isolated cells contained significant amounts of the following acid hydrolases: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsins C and D. The cells were disrupted and fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation on sucrose density gradients in the Beaufay automatic zonal rotor. Lysosomes with a modal density of 1.16 were identified by the distribution of these acid hydrolases and by the latency of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase. Other particulate enzymes studied in these sucrose gradients included cytochrome oxidase and monoamine oxidase (mitochondria), 5'-nucleotidase and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (plasma membrane), and catalase (? peroxisome). This microanalytical subcellular fractionation technique is applicable to the study of milligram quantities of many other tissues, both normal and pathological.
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PMID:Lysosomes of the arterial wall. I. Isolation and subcellular fractionation of cells from normal rabbit aorta. 434 42

The time-course of the ultrastructural changes and activities of 6 marker enzymes of subcellular particles (succinate dehydrogenase, beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid RNAse, glucose-6-phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase) has been studied in the liver, spleen and thymus in rats administered T-2 toxin (mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species). A pronounced difference in the effect of T-2 toxin on the organs has been found. In the liver, the toxin induced a destruction of rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes, reduced ribosome number and progressively decreased activities of most enzymes. In the spleen, early and significant ultrastructural disturbances of all the cell membrane components and simultaneous lysosomal activation were observed. The changes in the thymus were characterized by a fast development of cell hydratation, organelle swelling and necrosis of some thymocytes with parallel increase in repair processes, infiltration by phagocytes and a selective activation of lysosomal hydrolases in the end of experimental time (72 h.). The results obtained emphasize an importance of cellular and subcellular membrane alterations in the mechanism of T-2 toxin action.
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PMID:[Effect of T-2 toxin on organ ultrastructure and organelle-specific enzyme activity in rats]. 665 69

Recent advances in cytokinin analysis have made it possible to measure the content of 22 cytokinin metabolites in the tissue of developing tobacco seedlings. Individual types of cytokinins in plants are interconverted to their respective forms by several enzymatic activities (5'-AMP-isopentenyltransferase, adenosine nucleosidase, 5'-nucleotidase, adenosine phosphorylase, adenosine kinase, trans-hydroxylase, zeatin reductase, beta-glucosidase, O-glucosyl transferase, N-glucosyl transferase, cytokinin oxidase). This paper reports modelling and measuring of the dynamics of endogenous cytokinins in tobacco plants grown on media supplemented with isopentenyl adenine (IP), zeatin (Z) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR). Differences in phenotypes generated by the three cytokinins are shown and discussed, and the assumption that substrate concentration drives enzyme kinetics underpinned the construction of a simple mathematical model of cytokinin metabolism in developing seedlings. The model was tested on data obtained from liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry cytokinin measurements on tobacco seedlings grown on Murashige and Skoog agar nutrient medium, and on plants grown in the presence of IP, Z and DHZR. A close match was found between measured and simulated data, especially after a series of iterative parameter searches, in which the parameters were set to obtain the best fit with one of the data sets.
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PMID:Dynamics of endogenous cytokinin pools in tobacco seedlings: a modelling approach. 1264 3