Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase)
 3,167 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of enzymes as markers of T or B cells in tissue sections has been studied in mouse lymphoid tissue and lymph nodes from the gerbil, rat and cat. Lymphocytes in the T-cell areas of murine lymph nodes and spleen contained discrete dots of non-specific esterase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (beta-glucosaminidase) activity, with weak acid phosphatase activity. Lymphocytes in the B-cell areas lacked this discrete staining. Cortical thymocytes contained slight esterase activity while medullary thymocytes were strongly positive for both esterase and beta-glucosaminidase. Lymphocytes with a T-cell staining pattern were only occasionally seen in lymph nodes from Nude (nu/nu) mice. ATPase staining was restricted to lymphocytes in the B-cell areas; weak 5'-nucleotidase staining was only present in a frew lymphocytes in both T- and B-cell areas. Blast cells stimulated by in vivo injection of ConA or PHA in the mouse showed strong discrete enzyme activity for non-specific esterase and beta-glucosaminidase. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blast cells and cells within germinal centres lacked this discrete staining. Comparison of lymph nodes from the gerbil, rat and cat suggested at least on enzymes as a T-cell marker in each species although considerable variation in staining profiles was seen in the different species.
 ...
PMID:Cytochemical identification of T and B cells in situ in mouse lymphoid tissue and lymph nodes from the rat, gerbil and cat. 8 10

The purpose of this study was to try to differentiate histochemically between the various enzymes which may catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in developing rat dental tissues. Freeze cut and freeze dried sections of molar and incisor teeth were incubated in lead capture-based media at pH 5.0, 7.2 or 9.4 with one of the following substrates: beta-glycerophosphate, AMP, ADP, ATP, AMP-PNP and tetrasodium pyrophosphate. To establish the enzymatic nature of the hydrolysis parallel sections were incubated after prior fixation in either formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. By comparing the enzymatic stainings obtained with the various substrates and at the different pH:s, it was concluded that ATP can be visibly hydrolyzed in rat dental tissues by alkaline phosphatase (stratum intermedium, apical part of maturation ameloblasts, basal part of all ameloblasts, odontoblasts and subodontoblastic layer), specific ATPase (apical and basal parts of secretory ameloblasts) and ATP pyrophosphatase and/or adenylate cyclase (stratum intermedium, odontoblasts). Acid phosphatase, specific ADPase, 5'-nucleotidase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, 3':5'-cyclic-AMP-phosphodiesterase and adenylate kinase on the other hand, seem not to be engaged in the ATP hydrolysis to such a degree as to complicate the interpretation of the histochemical staining. The alkaline phosphatase part of the ATP hydrolysis appeared to be rather insensitive to aldehyde fixation, while the hydrolysis effected by specific ATPase and ATP pyrophosphatase and/or adenylate cyclase was extinguished after fixation with formaldehyde for 4 h or glutaraldehyde for 10 min.
 ...
PMID:Adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis in rat dental tissues. A histochemical study to differentiate the enzymes involved. 18 60

The suitability of freeze-substitution in n-butanol and paraffin embedding of tissues for the histochemical demonstration of 5'-nucleotidase was investigated and compared with commonly used preparation techniques, such as fresh frozen sections and cryostate sections of cold formalin and glutaraldehyde-fixed rat liver. The influences of each step of the preparation techniques on the enzyme activity were controlled by a quantitative radiochemical assay. Freeze substitution was revealed to be superior to the commonly used preparation techniques with respect to: 1) high sensitivity and specificity of the histochemical 5'-nucleotidase reaction (this is based on the fact that incubation media with very low lead concentrations (0,6 mM/1) can be used); 2) excellent morphological appearance of the tissues showing cytological details of enzyme localization; 3) unlimited storage of the tissue materials and ease of sectioning.
 ...
PMID:Freeze substituted tissue in 5'-nucleotidase histochemistry. Comparative histochemical and biochemical investigations. 57 82

This review presents some recent observations made on membranes in the mammalian sympathetic ganglia after application of freeze-fracturing and histochemistry. After freeze-fracture clear differences have been found between the neuronal and the satellite cell plasmalemma. The satellite cell plasma membrane exhibits specialized intramembrane particles not found in the neuronal membrane. Freeze-fracture cytochemistry reveals a further difference between the neurons and satellite cells i.e., a higher density of beta-hydroxysterols is present in the satellite cell membrane than in the neuronal membrane. Histochemical methods to localize 5'-nucleotidase, Ca2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase in the membranes have been utilized. The cytochemical reaction products of 5'-nucleotidase and Ca2+-ATPase were found on the external aspect of the plasma membranes. The Na+/K+-ATPase reaction product was located on the cytoplasmic aspect of the membranes, with most activity seen in the satellite cell membrane. With respect to the intercellular junctions, the presynaptic membranes have been analyzed with the freeze-fracture technique under stimulated and unstimulated conditions and ultrastructural differences have been observed which might be correlated to neurotransmission. Furthermore, gap junctions and tight junctional elements occur between the satellite cells surrounding the neuronal perikarya and their processes.
 ...
PMID:The ultrastructure of membranes in sympathetic ganglia. 303 11

Freeze-substituted rat liver embedded in glycol methacrylate (GMA) has been used to demonstrate the activities of several enzymes. The following enzymes could be detected in GMA-sections by the indicated histochemical procedure(s): 5'-nucleotidase (lead salt, cerium-diaminobenzidine), alkaline phosphatase (indoxyl-tetrazolium salt), catalase (diaminobenzidine), acid phosphatase (diazonium salt), lactate dehydrogenase (tetrazolium salt) and glutamate dehydrogenase (tetrazolium salt). The activities of all these enzymes were dramatically decreased compared with the activities demonstrated in unfixed cryostat sections, with the exception of catalase. The activities of the following enzymes could not be detected in GMA-sections: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (tetrazolium salt), xanthine oxidoreductase (tetrazolium salt), D-amino acid oxidase (cerium-diaminobenzidine-cobalt-hydrogen peroxide) and glucose-6-phosphatase (cerium-diaminobenzidine). The possible role of restricted penetration of reagents into the resin was studied by measuring cytophotometrically the enzyme activities in GMA-sections of 3 and 6 microns in thickness. For all the enzymes that could be detected, the 6 microns:3 microns ratio varied from 1.4 to 2.7. An eventual retarded penetration of reagents into the resin was investigated by measuring cytophotometrically the amount of final reaction product during incubation for acid phosphatase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. In both cases linear relationships without a lag phase were found for the specific enzyme activities with incubation time. Chemical denaturation of proteins or masking of active sites in proteins due to embedding in the resin monomer may be considered to be the main cause of decreased enzyme activities.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative aspects of enzyme histochemistry on sections of freeze-substituted glycol methacrylate-embedded rat liver. 827 44

The activity of thymidine kinase, thymidine phosphorylase, adenosine deaminase and 5'-nucleotidase of AMP was studied in tissues of 39 healthy females, as well as blood serum and lymphocytes of 60 healthy females, as well as in 50 patients with fibrocavernous mastopathy aged as 23-70. Comparative determination of adenosine metabolism enzymes activity in lymphocytes was carried out simultaneously with studying some immunological indexes in the organism of the same-aged healthy females and ones with mastopathy. It was revealed that age-related changes in the activity of thymidine kinase in blood serum reflected the analogous changes in enzyme activity in tissues of the healthy women. A direct correlation was established between thymidine kinase activity and age both in the healthy females and those with mastopathy. A significant decrease in activity of thymidine phosphorylase was demonstrated in blood serum of the patients with mastopathy in the age 46-60. Determined 4-fold increase in the activity of adenosine deaminase in serum was accompanied by decreased enzyme activity in lymphocytes and decreased Lymphocyte Blast Transformation Index in the same age range. Changes of immunological status are more expressed in T-system of immunity. The revealed metabolic changes in DNA-precursors metabolism in the patients with mastopathy aged as 46-60 might be one of the reasons of increased risk of oncological disease in this age group.
 ...
PMID:[Metabolism of adenosine and thymidine in healthy females of different ages and females with mastopathies]. 1060 30