Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase)
3,167 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal epithelial function, proton flux and sodium stimulated proton flux, was observed in vesicles isolated from the brush border of the proximal tubule of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during migration. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were isolated from the body kidney of Sockeye Salmon using aggregation/differential centrifugation techniques. Vesicle purity was tested using a series of epithelial and basal lateral markers including alkaline phosphatase, maltase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTP), Mg(2+)-activated ATP-ase, Na(+)+K(+)-activated ATPase, and 5'-nucleotidase and the lysosomal marker acid phosphatase. An enrichment/depletion factor for each marker was determined by comparison of purified BBMV with kidney homogenate. Vesicles exhibit an enrichment factor for alkaline phosphatase, GGTP, maltase, Mg(2+)-activated ATP-ase, Na(+)+K(+)-activated ATPase, and 5'-nucleotidase. A depletion factor was observed for acid phosphatase. Vesicle integrity was tested by measuring the time course of proton flux in the presence of a pH gradient. Amiloride sensitive sodium stimulated proton flux was observed in these vesicles. The presence of sodium caused a saturable increase in the rate of proton flux, indicating the activity of a sodium/proton antiport protein in BBMV.
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PMID:Proton transport and Na+/H+ exchange in vesicles isolated from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) kidneys during migration from salt to fresh water. 132 4

This study has investigated the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on the qualitative and quantitative ultrastructure of proliferating and differentiated astrocytes in primary cultures as well as on the cytochemical activity of several subcellular phosphatase markers, including acid phosphatase, uridine diphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase. The astrocytes were obtained from 21-day-fetuses of both control and alcohol-fed rats. Our results show that several cell components, such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, exhibit qualitative and/or quantitative ultrastructural changes during the process of astrocyte maturation. In some cases these morphological changes are accompanied by variations in the cytochemical activity of enzymes located in these and other cell components, suggesting that these enzymes, and therefore the functional state of these organelles, are modulated during astrocyte development. When prenatally exposed to ethanol, both proliferating and differentiated astrocytes showed striking ultrastructural alterations compared with controls, including an increment of lysosomes as well as a decrease in the values of stereological parameters relative to mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Cytochemical analysis of these cells indicates that prenatal exposure to ethanol decreased the activities of all the enzymes tested, except for acid phosphatase, which was increased in both groups of treated astrocytes. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to ethanol could affect astrocytes during development in two different but probably complementary ways: a) by causing a delay in astrocyte maturation and, b) by inducing a direct toxic effect on these cells.
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PMID:Cytochemical and stereological analysis of rat cortical astrocytes during development in primary culture. Effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol. 132 14

D-Galactosamine (800 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) caused significant decrease in the activities of 5'-nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase and cytochrome P450 and increase in activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and acid ribonuclease in liver after 24 hr. The levels of RNA, protein and glycogen decreased while total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol and lipid peroxides increased. It also increased the serum levels of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin while protein concentration decreased significantly. Oral administration of Picroliv (12 mg/kg/day for 7 days), a standardised iridoid glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa, significantly prevented the biochemical changes in liver and serum of galactosamine-toxicated rats. Kutkoside (12 mg/kg/day for 7 days) also protected against changes in most of the hepatic and serum constituents studied. Another iridoid glycoside from Picroliv, Picroside I, at the same dose level could only prevent toxicant-induced changes in acid phosphatase, phospholipids and lipid peroxides in liver and alkaline phosphatase in serum. Mixture of Picroside I and Kutkoside in the ratio of 1:1.5 at 12 mg/kg dose elicited lesser response than Picroliv.
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PMID:Picroliv and its components kutkoside and picroside I protect liver against galactosamine-induced damage in rats. 133 78

Embryonal nervous tissue from Wistar rats was transplanted into male rats of Wistar and August strains. Activity of eight enzymes belonging to various systems was estimated in brain cortex of rats recipients within 36 days after the transplantation. Lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, ATPase and aldolase exhibited the dissimilarly decreased rate of activity in brain cortex of Wistar rats after transplantation as compared with the enzymatic activity in intact animals of this strain, while activity of alkaline phosphatase and esterases hydrolyzing alpha-naphthyl acetate was increased. Activation of almost all the enzymes studied was found within 36 days in Wistar rats after the transplantation. The rate of activity of zonal esterase isoenzymes was higher in brain cortex of August rats after transplantation of embryonal nervous tissue from Wistar strain as compared with that of Wistar to Wistar rats transplantation. The data obtained suggest that tissues of donors affected definitely the enzymatic activity in brain cells of rats-recipients as activity of most enzymes studied was higher in brain cortex of donors as compared with that of recipients.
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PMID:[Specifics of changes in various groups of enzymes in rat cerebral cortex after interstrain transplantation of embryonal nerve tissue]. 141 28

Two murine peritoneal macrophage cell lines have been isolated by transforming primary cells with simian virus 40 (SV40) origin-deleted DNA. These lines have been maintained in continuous culture for over 8 months and have been shown to express macrophage-specific properties throughout this time. The cell lines are F4/80 positive; express Fc receptors; will phagocytose immunoglobulin-coated red cells and latex beads; stain with neutral red; and have non-specific esterase and plasminogen activator activities. Lysozyme, collagenase, prostaglandin E2, acid phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activities have also been detected and quantified.
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PMID:Establishment of immortalized cell lines from mouse peritoneal macrophages following transformation with SV40 early region DNA deleted at the origin of replication. 185 Nov 33

Monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, caused changes in most of the biochemical parameters in rats 12 days after a single dose of 120 mg/kg. These included significantly increased activities of hepatic succinate dehydrogenase, acid ribonuclease, acid phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and 5'-nucleotidase and decreased in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and cytochrome P450. The levels of DNA, RNA and glycogen in liver and albumin and protein in serum decreased while serum bilirubin increased. The histopathological changes in liver were characterized by diffused hepatocyte alterations in the form of ballooning, granular cytoplasm, indistinct cell outlines, nuclear changes, focal necrosis, and vascular damage. When picroliv, a standardized iridoid glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa, was administered orally in a dose of 25 mg/kg simultaneously with monocrotaline, alterations in most of the biochemical parameters along with the histopathological changes in liver caused by monocrotaline were prevented.
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PMID:Picroliv protects against monocrotaline-induced hepatic damage in rats. 190 81

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP, 10 mg/100 g body weight) was intravenously injected into rats in order to investigate the nature of the compartments involved in the transcellular transport of the protein through hepatocytes into bile. Double cytochemistry for HRP and the marker enzymes for cytoplasmic organelles was used. HRP was shown to be taken up by hepatocytes via vesicles at the sinusoidal surface, some of which were positive for 5'-nucleotidase activity. HRP was then found in the smooth-surfaced vesicles and tubules which were negative in 5'-nucleotidase, glucose 6-phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and acid phosphatase activity, suggesting that the tubular structures are neither the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus nor lysosomes. Biochemical studies revealed that the lead procedures used for the double cytochemistry did not inhibit the peroxidatic activity of HRP, and conversely that HRP did not interfere with the marker enzyme activity. Such cytochemical observations seemed to be supported by the observation that administration of monensin (3.5 mg/100 g) and chloroquine (5 mg/100 g), which markedly altered the structure of the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, respectively, slightly altered the biliary excretion of HRP but not to a significant extent.
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PMID:Cytochemical examination of the compartments involved in the transcellular transport of horseradish peroxidase in rat hepatocytes. 208 41

The distribution of enzymes and laminin was examined in ileal tissue from pigs suffering from intestinal adenomatosis to reveal the nature of the lesion. A disruption of the normal and specific pattern of distribution was found. Thus, the normal ileal epithelium was characterised by brush border enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase), fluoride resistant acid phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase; enzymes of the basolateral border: Mg-ATPase; and cytoplasmic enzymes: beta-glucuronidase, non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase. Subepithelial fibroblasts seemed to be characterised by 5'-nucleotidase. Laminin was present as a continuous band under the surface and crypt epithelium, somewhat thicker in the former. In contrast, the branching proliferating crypts of intestinal adenomatosis largely lacked enzymes characteristic of both villus and crypt cells. Reactions for the subepithelial components, laminin and fibroblasts were also reduced. The deficient differentiation of the epithelial as well as subepithelial components in porcine intestinal adenomatosis distinguish the condition from crypt hyperplasia and indicate an adenoma-like character.
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PMID:Cell differentiation in intestinal adenomatosis of pigs studied by histochemistry of laminin and enzymes of epithelial and subepithelial tissue. 214 4

Five enzyme histochemical reactions were used to characterize calf, goat kid and lamb Peyer's patches. 5'-nucleotidase and acid phosphatase gave a reticular pattern of staining in follicular and interfollicular regions, respectively. Different subpopulations of fibroblastic reticulum cells were suggested for the T cell area, the dome/corona region, and the follicle capsule. The T cell area and the neck portion of the follicle showed a positive reticular reaction with alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase. Follicular dendritic cells were positive for Mg2(+)-ATPase in the follicle centre, contrasting with a negative reaction in the periphery. Dendritic cells prevalent in the dome and T cell area showed a Mg2(+)-ATPase reactivity. Macrophages were stained with non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase. No principal differences were found in cell populations between the three species or between fetuses in late gestation and postnatal animals, although the size of the respective compartments varied.
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PMID:Organization of ruminant Peyer's patches as seen with enzyme histochemical markers of stromal and accessory cells. 214 25

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment is effective in preventing or delaying the onset of various genetic and induced disorders of mice and rats. Associated with the beneficial therapeutic effects exerted by action of this steroid is the development of hepatomegaly. To determine whether the changes associated with hepatomegaly also involve alterations in activities of tissue enzymes, we evaluated the effects of DHEA (0.45% in food, w/w) on hepatic protein kinases, phosphatases, and lipogenic enzymes in mice of various strains. The rates of fatty acid and cholesterol syntheses also were evaluated. DHEA administration resulted in profound changes in the sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of endogenous radiophosphorylated proteins obtained by incubation of liver homogenates with (gamma-32P]ATP. These changes were dependent upon the medium used for homogenization. Thus, when homogenates of liver tissue of DHEA-treated mice were prepared in Tris buffer containing sucrose (0.25 M) there was a marked decrease in phosphorylation of the proteins of relative molecular weight approximately 116,000 (Mr approximately 116,000), approximately 82,000, approximately 80,000, approximately 58,000, approximately 56,000, approximately 48,000, approximately 34,000, and approximately 31,000 compared with controls. With liver homogenates of DHEA-treated mice prepared in Tris buffer alone, there was a marked increase in phosphorylation of the proteins of Mr approximately 70,000, approximately 49,000, approximately 34,000, approximately 31,000, and 28,000 compared with controls. Moreover, the specific activity of kinases for endogenous protein acceptors in liver of control mice was higher than that in liver of DHEA-treated animals. The specific activities of casein kinase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase remained unchanged with DHEA treatment, but the specific activity of histone kinase was increased approximately 30%. Long-term administration of DHEA also was associated with increases in the specific activities of liver AMPase and GTPase (approximately two times), but not of other nucleotidases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, or phosphotyrosine phosphatase. The activity of hepatic NADP-linked malic enzyme was increased significantly (two to three times) by DHEA treatment of female mice of three different strains, but was unchanged in male C57BL/6 mice. The specific activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, and ATP-citrate lyase were not affected significantly by DHEA treatment of mice. The rate of hepatic lipogenesis, determined by incorporation of tritium from 3H2O into fatty acids, was decreased approximately 70% in DHEA-treated mice, while the rate of cholesterol synthesis was increased approximately 44% compared with controls.
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PMID:Dehydroepiandrosterone feeding and protein phosphorylation, phosphatases, and lipogenic enzymes in mouse liver. 215 82


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