Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase)
 3,167 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations were made on 253 patients. In 44 patients with peritoneal carcinosis, cell imprints and histological investigations of tissues from the changes in the peritoneum, taken during laparoscopy have been performed. In 122 out of 151 patients with neoplastically stipulated ascites (80.8 per cent) tumour cells have been found in the ascitic fluid. The false negative results represented 19.8 per cent and the false positive results--2.0 per cent. In all cell imprints from peritoneal tissues tumour cells have been detected even when these were absent in the ascitic fluid. In 2 out of 49 patients (4 per cent) the histological investigation of bioptic material from the peritoneum showed no neoplastic changes. The activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the ascitic fluid of patients with carcinosis was higher than in the remaining patients, whilst the 5'-nucleotidase did not show particular deviations. The cytologic method was well tolerated by the patients and showed higher specificity, sensitiveness, simplicity and realization and in 80.8 per cent solved the diagnostic problems and made useless the application of other labour-consuming, burdensome and more expensive methods of investigation.
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PMID:[Advantages of cytodiagnostics in ascites (author's transl)]. 612 Jun 88

To study the effect of chronic alcohol administration on the activities of liver plasma membrane enzymes such as gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase, female rats were pair-fed for 6 weeks nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing either ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates as controls. Compared to the control diet, chronic alcohol administration resulted in a significant enhancement of serum activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase by 91% (P less than 0.005), 80% (P less than 0.001) and 65% (P less than 0.01), respectively. Concomitantly, chronic alcohol intake led to a striking increase of gamma-glutamyltransferase activities in liver homogenates by 68% (P less than 0.001), in liver plasma membranes rich in bile canaliculi by 80% (P less than 0.025), and in liver plasma membranes free of bile canaliculi by 24% (P less than 0.02). However, chronic ethanol consumption had no effect on alkaline phosphatase activities in liver homogenates and liver plasma membranes but significantly suppressed 5'-nucleotidase activities. These results therefore show that chronic intake of ethanol increases serum activities of enzymes originating from liver plasma membranes but has different effects on the enzyme activity in liver plasma membranes itself, suggesting that the alcohol-mediated increase of serum activities of various enzymes originating from liver plasma membranes might be due to different mechanisms.
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PMID:Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on the activities of liver plasma membrane enzymes: gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase. 612 53

In experimental bile obstruction the serum activities of the membrane-bound liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase are greatly increased, whereas in the liver only the alkaline phosphatase activity is elevated. After partial hepatectomy or tetrachloride poisoning the alkaline phosphatase activity in the regenerating live is increased to the same extent as in cholestasis without an accompanying elevation in serum activity. The following results support the hypothesis of a bile salt-mediated solubilization of membrane-bound enzymes in cholestatic liver: (1) 30 min after bile duct ligation the total bile acids in the liver were increased 5-fold, 2 h later as much as 10-fold. After 1 day, the bile acid concentration was still 4 times above normal. (2) Isolated plasma membranes from normal and obstructed livers were incubated in vitro with increasing amounts of tri- and dihydroxycholanic acids. At a final concentration of 1 mmol/l taurochenodeoxycholate significant amounts of membrane-bound enzymes were released into the 12,000-g supernatant. (3) In the regenerating liver, where tissue phsophatase activity was high and serum phosphatase activity unchanged, the bile salt concentration was not increased.
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PMID:Studies on the mechanism of the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity in cholestasis: significance of the hepatic bile acid concentration for the leakage of alkaline phosphatase from rat liver. 612 56

After 6 weeks of chronic ethanol consumption hepatic gamma-glutamyl-transferase and -hydrolase activities increased compared with pair-fed controls. There was no change in 5'-nucleotidase activity. It was found that the increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity occurred exclusively in the parenchymal cells although the principal cellular localisation for this enzyme is the biliary tract in both control and ethanol-fed rats. In both groups of animals the gamma-glutamyltransferase activities were localised by analytical subcellular fractionation techniques to soluble, plasma membrane and canalicular fractions, but the plasma membrane activity was selectively increased in the ethanol-fed rats.
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PMID:Effect of chronic ethanol consumption on the cellular and subcellular distribution of gamma-glutamyltransferase in rat liver. 614 45

Dogs are particularly susceptible to development of glucocorticoid-induced hepatopathy, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid hepatopathy by examining sequential morphologic and biochemical changes in the liver of dogs during steroid administration. Six adult Beagles were given prednisolone acetate (4mg/kg of body weight, once daily for 24 days IM). Serum samples and percutaneous liver biopsy specimens were obtained before the start of the study (treatment day [TD] 0) and at TD 5, 10, 15, and 25. There were significant (P < 0.05) and progressive increases in serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine transaminase. Light microscopic changes in liver biopsy specimens included progressive hepatocellular swelling and vacuolation. Electron microscopy revealed glycogen accumulation, peripheral displacement of organelles, and prominent dilatation of bile canaliculi, compared with findings at TD 0. Liver biopsy specimens taken at TD 25 had significantly (P < 0.05) increased activities of the plasma membrane enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and 5'-nucleotidase was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased. Subcellular fractionation on reorientating sucrose density gradients revealed high-density peaks of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, compatible with a specific increase in the biliary canalicular component of the enzyme activities. Neutral alpha-glucosidase activity was shifted to the denser fractions, indicative of an increase in the proportion of rough to smooth endoplasmic reticulum and consistent with enhanced synthesis of plasma membrane proteins. There also was evidence for progressive increase in fragility of intracellular organelles, particularly lysosomes. These findings indicate that glucocorticoid hepatopathy in dogs is associated with progressive alterations not only to the plasma membrane, but also to other subcellular organelles.
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PMID:Subcellular pathologic features of glucocorticoid-induced hepatopathy in dogs. 757 58

The specific activity of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phospholipase C (PIP2-PLC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate monophosphatase (IP3-MP) involved in phosphoinositide catabolism was found to be significantly lower in the total homogenate of four human lymphoblastoid cell lines, HSB-2, MOLT-4, CEM and JURKAT, than in resting and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 and from 1.3 to 3.7 nmol/min/mg for PIP2-PLC and IP3-MP, respectively. In PHA-stimulated cells, the specific activities were enhanced 25 and 35% respectively over the values (8.02 and 7.83 nmol/min/mg, respectively) measured in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradient of cell homogenate, PIP2-PLC and IP3-MP activities were found to be predominantly associated with the cytosol fraction (> 69%) in HSB-2 and MOLT-4 cells, with a distribution similar to that found in PHA-stimulated and in resting lymphocytes. In CEM cells, about half of the total activity remained in this fraction, while in JURKAT lymphoblastic cells more than 45% of the total activity was recovered in the high-density membrane fraction (d = 1.20-1.25), the soluble PIP2-PLC and IP3-MP activity accounting for only 13 and 25%, respectively. Conversely, in less differentiated leukemic cells HSB-2 and MOLT-4, conspicuous activity of the ectoenzymes 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) was recovered in the soluble fraction. Growing leukemic cells at a distinct level of differentiation have a general reduction in activity but a characteristic distribution of enzymes involved in the transmission of signals usually targeting the cell surface.
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PMID:Subcellular localization of inositide enzymes in established T-cell lines and activated lymphocytes. 809 39

Primary hepatocytes were cultured on collagen gel in serum-free, alpha-modified Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 0.1 microM insulin, 0.1 microM dexamethasone, 10 mM pyruvate and supplements such as glucagon, epinephrine or growth hormone. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were assayed in cell extracts prepared from the cultures. All three enzyme activities were induced by glucagon, epinephrine or dibutyryl cAMP. The maximally effective concentration of glucagon was 5-10 nM for both alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase and 100 nM for gamma-glutamyltransferase. Only alkaline phosphatase activity was suppressed by growth hormone, which caused marked suppression at about 1 microU (0.25 ng)/ml. Taurocholate also induced both alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities at 1 mM.
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PMID:Hormonal regulations of alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities in adult rat hepatocytes cultured in serum-free medium on collagen gel. 809 10

A total of 25 apparently healthy adults (13 men and 12 women), 29.5 years (SD = 3.6 years) of age, served as subjects in a 24-h study conducted in Barcelona, Spain, in the spring of 1990. The group had a homogeneous pattern of meals, activity, and behavior. Six blood samples were collected at 4-h intervals over a single 24-h period beginning at 10:00 h. The oral temperature was measured at 2-h intervals to facilitate an independent biological time reference for the local population being studied. The serum concentration of 12 enzymes of clinical interest were measured in each sample: creatine kinase, creatine kinase 2, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase 1, 5'-nucleotidase, pancreatic alpha-amylase, and triacylglycerol lipase. We supposed that all experimental data obtained for a quantity came from a single "hypothetical subject" that represented the central tendency of the population and then these data were analyzed for circadian rhythm by single cosinor. A statistically significant circadian rhythm was detected in all quantities studied (p < or = 0.05) except for serum concentrations of pancreatic alpha-amylase and triacylglycerol lipase. The maximum daily rhythmic variation was approximately 10% (interval, 6-14%) for all quantities studied except pancreatic alpha-amylase (2.6%). This rhythmic variation is greater than the analytical variation except for 5'-nucleotidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase. The acrophases for the quantities studied (except that of triacylglycerol lipase) coincide with times near those of the oral temperature acrophase (18:01 local time). The results of this study will doubtless contribute to further documentation of the structure of the human circadian timing system and to establishment of time-qualified reference intervals for a defined group of subjects.
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PMID:Circadian rhythms of serum concentrations of 12 enzymes of clinical interest. 810 Apr 88

Membrane-bound liver alkaline phosphatase (Mem-LiALP, EC 3.1.3.1) is a high-molecular-mass liver alkaline phosphatase (ALP) present in metastatic, infiltrative and cholestatic liver disease. Shedding of hepatocyte plasma membrane fragments (LiPMF) is thought to be responsible for the appearance of Mem-LiALP in the circulation. Several other membrane-bound enzymes, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nu) are present in the membrane of the shedded LiPMF. By means of immunohistochemical and immunoassay procedures, we presently show that AD-1, a specific monoclonal antibody originally produced against Mem-LiALP, reacts with LAP, a constituent of the human liver plasma membrane. Using AD-1 as an immunosorbant, we isolated circulating LiPMF from cholestatic sera to a high level of purity and separated it from other high-molecular-mass material, such as liver ALP or similar lipoprotein-X complexes. These purified membrane fragments retained their biochemical characteristics. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor bearing liver ALP (Anch-LiALP) could be released from the LiPMF by Triton X-100. Whereas ALP was released upon treatment of AD-1 purified LiPMF with phospholipase C, phospholipase D only cleaved the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor following detergent solubilization of the enzyme. Serum LiPMF from patients with different kinds of cholestatic liver disease were bound onto AD-1 coated nitrocellulose disks and the activity of four membrane-bound enzymes (LAP, ALP, 5'Nu, gamma-GT) was analyzed. A considerable interindividual variation of enzyme activities was observed, suggesting some heterogeneity in the membrane composition of these fragments.
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PMID:Purification of circulating liver plasma membrane fragments using a monoclonal antileucine aminopeptidase antibody. 861 23

In cattle with hepatic lipidosis, hepatic abscessation, leptospirosis, biliary calculi or fasciolosis, the progression of the disease was studied by serial measurements of serum total bile acid concentrations, plasma glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, 5'-nucleotidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities Terminalia avicennioides and by liver biopsy. Regardless of the cause of the hepatic disease, weight loss, anorexia, dullness and depression were consistent features. Signs of hepatic encephalopathy, such as blindness, head pressing, excitability, ataxia and weakness were less common and, together with pyrexia and jaundice, were grave prognostic signs. Plasma ammonia concentrations were significantly elevated compared to clinically normal cattle, but such changes were not always accompanied by a decline in plasma urea concentrations. In normal, healthy cattle, the plasma ammonia:urea concentration ratio is 9:1 and the plasma ammonia:glucose concentration is 11:1. In hepatic disease, a plasma ammonia:glucose ratio > 40:1 or plasma ammonia:urea ratio > 30:1, particularly with a rising total ketone body concentration and a declining glucose concentration, carried a guarded prognosis. The study suggested that other factors, such as hypokalaemia, alkalosis, short-chain volatile fatty acids, and false and true neuro-transmitters, may be important in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma in cattle.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological studies in cattle with hepatic disease. 909 45


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