Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.16 (calcineurin)
 17,112 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary astrocyte cultures were subjected to different experimental schedules using several concentrations of ammonia (1, 3, and 5 mM ammonium chloride), serum (2.5%, 5%, and 12%), and glutamine (0.5, 1, and 3 mM) to analyze the involvement of calcineurin (CaN) in hyperammonemia and its relation with p38MAPK-diP and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). We demonstrated that exposure to ammonia affects CaN content, and confirmed the ammonia-induced reduction of CNTF expression; however, the involvement of CaN and p38MAPK-diP in CNTF reduction could not be confirmed. On the contrary, an inverse relationship between CaN and p38MAPK-diP contents was clearly demonstrated. GADD153/CHOP10 content was always higher under hyperammonemic conditions as well as under glutamine exposure, probably due to the osmotic stress provoked by glutamine accumulation, which was induced after exposure to ammonia. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant interactions of ammonia and serum for CaN, GADD153/CHOP10 and CNTF contents. The exposure to glutamine also induced changes in GADD153/CHOP10 and CaN; however, CNTF content was not affected. In conclusion, CaN content was affected by exposure to ammonia and glutamine; the serum content of the culture medium had a strong influence on the astroglial response to ammonium chloride, and glutamine exposure only reproduced some of the ammonia effects.
 ...
PMID:Effect of ammonia, glutamine, and serum on calcineurin, p38MAPK-diP, GADD153/CHOP10, and CNTF in primary rat astrocyte cultures. 1788 87

Red light, acting via phytochrome, stimulates phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in cotyledons and hypocotyls of tomato seedlings. The time course of photoinduction of PAL activity has a peak level at 4 h after which activity declines significantly. In tomato seedlings PAL activity comprised of three isoforms and light stimulated activity of all three isoforms. A polyclonal antibody raised against PAL purified from tomato leaves recognized PAL protein belonging to PAL-II and PAL-III isoforms. The mode of increase in PAL activity was investigated by immunochemical techniques. The photostimulated increase in PAL activity appeared to be dependent on de novo synthesis of protein and nucleic acid. However, inhibition of protein phosphatase activity blocked increase in PAL activity without affecting the increase in PAL protein levels. The results indicate that in addition to de novo synthesis, the photostimulation of PAL activity likely requires dephosphorylation by a type 2C protein phosphatase.
 ...
PMID:Differential regulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and protein level by light in tomato seedlings. 1834 45

Outcomes research in pediatric liver transplant (LT) has focused on mortality and morbidity but there is a need to also evaluate functional outcomes. Standardized cognitive testing was administered to a cohort of children with infantile chronic liver disease who were transplanted at the University of Alberta during their preschool years. Thirty children had comprehensive assessments with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development or Wechsler testing. Patient variables potentially associated with cognitive delay were analyzed with multiple regression analysis. The mean DQ/IQ score (developmental quotient/intelligence quotient) was 81 +/- 17. Delay (DQ/IQ score < 70), and borderline delay (DQ/IQ 70-84) were each present in 27% of the cohort, with only 46% demonstrating normal cognition. Regression analysis demonstrated that the decreased IQ was associated with pretransplant growth retardation and elevated calcineurin inhibitor levels. Performance IQ had strong correlation with pretransplant growth retardation and elevated serum ammonia, R(2)= 45%, compared to verbal IQ that was associated was elevated calcineurin inhibitor levels, R(2)= 23%. Children post-LT are at high risk for cognitive delay or borderline delay. This is the first study to demonstrate the association calcineurin inhibitors with impaired IQ and also the unique finding of different variables predictive of impaired verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) versus performance intelligence quotient (PIQ).
 ...
PMID:Assessment of psychoeducational outcomes after pediatric liver transplant. 1906 56

Diaper (napkin) dermatitis is an acutely presenting inflammatory irritant contact dermatitis of the diaper region. It is one of the most common dermatologic diseases in infants and children. In the past, the disease was thought to be caused by ammonia; however, a number of factors, such as friction, wetness, inappropriate skin care, microorganisms, antibiotics, and nutritional defects, are important. Diaper dermatitis commonly affects the lower parts of the abdomen, thighs, and diaper area. Involvement of skin fold regions is typical with diaper dermatitis. At the early stages of the disease, only dryness is observed in the affected area. At later stages, erythematous maceration and edema can be seen. Secondary candidal and bacterial infections can complicate the dermatitis. In the differential diagnosis of the disease, allergic contact dermatitis, intertrigo, psoriasis, atopic and seborrheic dermatitis, and the other diseases should be considered. Causes of the disease should be determined and eliminated primarily. Families need to be informed about the importance of a clean, dry diaper area and the frequency of diaper changes. The use of superabsorbent disposable diapers has decreased the incidence of the disease. Soap and alcohol-containing products should be avoided in cleaning the area. In some cases, corticosteroids and antifungal agents can be administered. If necessary, antibacterial agents and calcineurin inhibitors can also be beneficial.
...
PMID:Diaper (napkin) dermatitis: A fold (intertriginous) dermatosis. 2605 Oct 65

Neurologic complications are common after solid-organ transplantation, occurring in one-third of patients. Immunosuppression-related neurotoxicity (involving calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids), opportunistic central nervous system infections, seizures, and delirium are some of the causes of neurologic symptoms following solid-organ transplantation. An uncommon often missed complication posttransplantation involves buildup of ammonia levels that can lead to rapid clinical deterioration even when treated. Ammonia levels are not routinely checked due to the myriad of other explanations for encephalopathy in a transplant recipient. A treatment of choice for severe hyperammonemia involves renal replacement therapy (RRT), but there are no guidelines on the mode or parameters of RRT for reducing ammonia levels. Hyperammonemia in a transplant recipient poses specific challenges beyond the actual condition because the treatment (RRT) involves significant hemodynamic fluctuations that may affect the graft. In this review, we describe a patient with posttransplantation hyperammonemia and discuss the pathways of ammonia metabolism, potential factors underlying the development of hyperammonemia posttransplantation, and choice of appropriate therapeutic options in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiology and Management of Hyperammonemia in Organ Transplant Patients. 3104 91


<< Previous 1 2