Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.16 (calcineurin)
 17,112 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cattle brain cortex was homogenised in 0, 29 mol/1 sucrose and centrifuged at 101 000 X g. The supernatant contains the majority of 3 enzymes participating in protein turnover: cathepsin (EC 3.4.4.23), phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2). They were separated by chromatography on Sephadex G 200 in neutral buffer. The cathepsin was purified up to 380 fold by gel filtration on Sephadex and column electrophoresis. The pH optimum of cathepsin was 5.7. At 37 degrees C no decrease of activity was measurable during 30 min. The Km was found to be 2.75 mg/ml Casein Hammarsten. The molecular weight by gel filtration and exclusion-gel electrophoresis was about 45 000, corresponding to the cathepsin from human liver (Barrett, A.J. (1970) Biochem. J. 117, 601-607). The sedimentation constant 3.0 S20,W is comparable with the values of proteinase of different origin, and the composition is similar with respect to the high proportion of acidic amino acids. The phosphoprotein phosphatase can be further purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and by column electrophoresis. The pH optimum of phosphoprotein phosphatase was about pH 5.5. At 45 degrees C no decrease of activity was measurable during 20 min; the Km was 1.43 mg/ml casein isoelectric. The pH optimum of acid phosphatase was about 5.6. At 54 degrees C NO DECREASE OF ACTIVITY WAs measurable during 30 min; the Km was 2 mumol/1 for Sodium phenolphthalein diphosphate. All three enzymes slowly lost their activity during several weeks at - 4 degrees C, apparently by self digestion in the cold.
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PMID:[Cathepsin, phosphoprotein-phosphatase and acid phosphatase in the soluble fraction of the cattle brain cortex: purification and properties (author's transl)]. 0 48

Stem cell maintenance and differentiation are tightly regulated in multicellular organisms. In plants, proper control of the stem cell populations is critical for extensive postembryonic organogenesis. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphatase type 2C proteins POLTERGEIST (POL) and PLL1 are essential for maintenance of both the root and shoot stem cells. Specifically, POL and PLL1 are required for proper specification of key asymmetric cell divisions during stem cell initiation and maintenance. POL and PLL1 are known to be integral components of the CLE/WOX signaling pathways, but the location and mechanisms by which POL and PLL1 are regulated within these pathways are unclear. Here, we show that POL and PLL1 are dual-acylated plasma membrane proteins whose membrane localization is required for proper function. Furthermore, this localization places POL and PLL1 in proximity of the upstream plasma membrane receptors that regulate their activity. Additionally, we find that POL and PLL1 directly bind to multiple lipids and that POL is catalytically activated by phosphatidylinositol (4) phosphate [PI(4)P] in vitro. Based on these results, we propose that the upstream receptors in the CLE/WOX signaling pathways may function to either limit PI(4)P availability or antagonize PI(4)P stimulation of POL/PLL1. Significantly, the findings presented here suggest that phospholipids play an important role in promoting stem cell specification.
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PMID:The Arabidopsis stem cell factor POLTERGEIST is membrane localized and phospholipid stimulated. 2034 33

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is an established life-saving procedure for alcoholic cirrhotic (AC) patients, but the incidence of de novo tumors ranges between 2.6% and 15.7% and is significantly increased in comparison with patients who undergo OLT for other etiologies. Tobacco, a known carcinogen, has been reported to be between 52% and 83.3% in AC patients before OLT. Other risk factors that contribute to the development of malignancies are dose-dependent immunosuppression, advanced age, viral infections, sun exposure, and premalignant lesions (inflammatory bowel disease, Barrett's esophagus). A significantly more frequent incidence of upper aerodigestive (UAD) tract, lung, skin, and kidney-bladder tumors has been found in OLT recipients for AC in comparison with other etiologies. Liver transplant recipients who develop de novo non-skin tumors have a decreased long-term survival rate compared with controls. This significantly lower survival rate is more evident in AC recipients who develop UAD tract or lung tumors after OLT mainly because the diagnosis is usually performed at an advanced stage. All transplant candidates, especially AC patients, should be encouraged to cease smoking and alcohol consumption in the pre- and post-OLT periods, use skin protection, avoid sun exposure and over-immunosuppression, and have a yearly otopharyngolaryngeal exploration and chest computed tomography scan in order to prevent or reduce the incidence of de novo malignancies. Although still under investigation, substitution of calcineurin inhibitors for sirolimus or everolimus may reduce the incidence of de novo tumors after OLT.
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PMID:Incidence, risk factors and outcome of de novo tumors in liver transplant recipients focusing on alcoholic cirrhosis. 2595 77

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic dermatological disease that can lead to scarring, alopecia and dyspigmentation, if not properly treated. Actually, no drugs are specifically approved for the treatment of CLE, although the first-line therapy usually consists of photoprotection associated to topical or oral steroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). In cases of DLE refractory to these medications, many other agents have been employed, such as dapsone, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, biologic drugs and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG). We described the case of a DLE patient resistant to combination therapy with steroid and HCQ who was successfully treated with cyclical IVIG therapy. The treatment with IVIG resulted rapidly effective with persistent efficacy and low rates of relapses, although more cycles of IVIG are needed to achieve a stable clinical remission. We also discussed the beneficial and promising effects of IVIG in patients with Cutaneous Lupus reporting the previously published data.
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PMID:Intravenous Immunoglobulins as a new opportunity to treat discoid lupus erythematosus: A case report and review of the literature. 2988 39