Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty patients of both sexes (15 males and 15 females) with chronic renal failure who had under gone hemodialysis for 2-184 months (mean 45.1 months) were examined with conventional radiographs of the cervical spine and thin-layer CT of C4-C5-C6 to evaluate the radiographic patterns of destructive spondyloarthropathy. The radiographic patterns obtained with conventional and CT exams were compared with one another and with clinical (carpal tunnel syndrome) and biochemical data (alkaline phosphatase, parathormon, Ca, P, Ca/P, Al, beta 2-microglobulin). DSA (erosion and narrowing of the intervertebral space, collapse of the vertebral body and erosion of the vertebral plates) was recognized in 7 patients with conventional radiographs and in 11 patients with CT thanks to greater CT capabilities to recognize minimal osteolytic lesions of the vertebral body. All the patients with destructive spondyloarthropathy had personal and hemodialysis age higher than those without destructive spondyloarthropathy: 59.3 vs 57.7 years; 49 vs 39 months. Parathormon and alkaline phosphatase were increased while beta 2-microglobulin was normal. Only 2 patients with DSA had carpal tunnel syndrome. In conclusion, CT is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of destructive spondyloarthropathy but it must be performed only after conventional radiographs of the cervical spine or in the presence of clinical signs of destructive spondyloarthropathy (parathormon and beta 2-microglobulin increased, long-term hemodialysis).
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PMID:[Computerized tomography and conventional radiography in the diagnosis of destructive spondyloarthropathy. Our experience with 30 patients undergoing periodic hemodialysis]. 149 70

Authors report on the effect of reduced glutathione parenterally administered on the anemic status in patients suffering from chronic renal failure and undergoing hemodialysis. Twenty patients were studied for 180 days and were divided into two age- and sex-matched groups. The first group (10 patients) received placebo, the second group (10 patients) received the treatment (1,200 mg of reduced glutathione). Reduced glutathione and placebo were given for 120 days in a randomized double-blind fashion and the following measurements were performed: red blood cells reduced and oxidized glutathione, plasma reduced and oxidized glutathione, hematocrit, hemoglobin, reticulocytes, serum iron, transferrin, indirect bilirubin, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase. In the treated group, during the supplementation period, there was an increase in the levels of red blood cells and plasma reduced glutathione, hematocrit and hemoglobin and a concomitant decrease in plasma oxidized glutathione and reticulocytes with a maximum effect on the 120th day of therapy. In the placebo-treated group there were no significant variations of the parameters considered during the study period. When the therapy, on patients undergoing treatment, was terminated there was a drop in the analyzed parameters, which fell to pretreatment values at the subsequent controls. These findings seem to indicate that reduced glutathione could represent a useful drug in the treatment and management of anemia in patients affected by chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Anemia and chronic renal failure: a therapeutical approach by reduced glutathione parenteral administration. 150 36

Parameters of calcium and phosphate metabolism were measured in 27 patients with mild renal failure [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 40-90 ml/min], 12 patients with moderate renal failure (GFR 20-39 ml/min) and in 12 healthy subjects. GFR was determined by technetium-99m diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid clearance. Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was measured by a sensitive immunochemiluminometric assay and somatomedin-C was determined by radioimmunoassay. Both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and vitamin-D-binding protein were measured allowing calculation of the free 1,25(OH)2D index. By linear regression and multivariate analysis, PTH was negatively and independently correlated with GFR, plasma bicarbonate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] while free 1,25(OH)2D was positively correlated with GFR. Increased PTH secretion and reductions in 1,25(OH)2D were present in mild renal failure patients before any changes in plasma calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate were noted. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in mild chronic renal failure patients compared to normal subjects, possibly indicating early effects of the secondary hyperparathyroidism on the skeleton. Somatomedin-C did not correlate with the free 1,25(OH)2D index or a measure of 1,25(OH)2D production. It is concluded that the secondary hyperparathyroidism which occurs very early in the onset of chronic renal failure may be due to a reduction in the circulating concentration of 1,25(OH)2D consequent upon the renal failure. Low plasma bicarbonate and 25(OH)D also appear to be determinants of a raised PTH concentration. The compensatory increase in PTH presumably maintains extracellular calcium and phosphate levels constant but with possible deleterious effects on the skeleton.
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PMID:Determinants of intact parathyroid hormone and free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in mild and moderate renal failure. 150 39

Iopentol (mean dose 0.42 g I kg-1) was administered for abdominal aortography and pelvic angiography in 10 patients with advanced non-diabetic chronic renal failure (S-creatinine 672 +/- 259 mumol l-1, mean +/- SD). Renal glomerular function measured as creatinine clearance and plasma clearance of [99Tcm]-diethyl-enetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was unchanged by iopentol, as also was urinary excretion of the renal tubular enzymes N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The elimination of iopentol from serum and urine was delayed, and detectable serum and urine concentrations were found 5 days after administration of the contrast medium. Creatine clearance was 47% higher than the corresponding renal iopentol clearance. Plasma iopentol clearance, measured as the total area under the plasma concentration curve, was 40% higher than renal iopentol clearance because of extrarenal elimination of iopentol. We conclude that abdominal aortography with iopentol can be performed without effects on renal glomerular or tubular function parameters in patients with advanced renal failure. If iopentol is used for measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in this group of patients, one should measure renal clearance, as plasma clearance overestimates GFR.
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PMID:Iopentol in patients with chronic renal failure: its effects on renal function and its use as glomerular filtration rate parameter. 159 86

We performed parathyroidectomy for renal osteodystrophy due to secondary hyperparathyroidism on 16 patients with chronic renal failure who were refractory to medical management; subtotal parathyroidectomy on one patient and total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation on 15 patients. Postoperative clinical improvement, i.e., bone and/or joint pain, pruritus and radiographic signs of renal osteodystrophy, was marked. After the operation, serum calcium decreased rapidly and adequate calcium replacement therapy was necessary. The levels of intact parathyroid hormone decreased rapidly and serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase gradually decreased for a few months postoperatively. Recurrence was diagnosed in one patient, who underwent excision of the transplanted parathyroid tissue. Osteomalasia due to hypoparathyroidism was not seen clinically in this series. In preoperative image diagnosis, ultrasonotomogram (US) showed the highest detective rate of the enlarged parathyroid glands. However, combination of US, computerized tomography and 99mTcO4(-)-201T1C1 scintigram can be recommended as a localizing diagnostic method for compensating the disadvantages of each method. Clinical results after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism are considered to be good. However, long-term followup is mandatory for early detection of persistent hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism.
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PMID:[Clinical study of parathyroidectomy of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure]. 160 62

We used quantitative assays to measure the activity of the bone, liver, and intestinal forms of alkaline phosphatase in plasma in 75 patients with endstage chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The results were correlated with radiological and other biochemical indices of bone disease and with biochemical indices of liver disease. The total activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma increased in 28 patients. In 10 of these patients, nine of whom had increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase in plasma, the increase in total activity of alkaline phosphatase was from the liver isoenzyme alone (nine patients) or from the liver and bone isoenzymes together (one patient). Intestinal alkaline phosphatase in plasma, although greater than 23 U/L in eight patients, was solely responsible for the increase in total alkaline phosphatase in one patient (who had normal gamma-glutamyltransferase). Bone alkaline phosphatase in plasma was increased in 25 patients, seven of whom had normal total alkaline phosphatase, and was closely correlated (r = 0.78) with osteocalcin concentration in plasma, which was increased in a much greater proportion of patients (99%). Both total and bone alkaline phosphatase were correlated with parathyrin in plasma (r = 0.46 and 0.50, respectively) and with osteocalcin (r = 0.60 and 0.78, respectively). Osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase, but not parathyrin, decreased with age, implying that the skeletal response to parathyrin may be age dependent. In patients with increased total alkaline phosphatase undergoing hemodialysis, the concurrent measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase may help identify whether the enzyme increase originates from the liver or bone, but this approach wrongly identified the source of the increase in three of 28 patients. Therefore, we recommend a separate measurement of the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase in plasma of hemodialysis patients. 204 42

The serum hormone (T3, FT3, T4, FT4, TSH, hTG, a-hTG, GH, PTH, PRL, Cortisol) concentrations, the inorganic phosphate complexes (HPO2-4, H2PO-4, NaHPO-4, KHPO-4, CaHPO4, MgHPO4) and the enzyme activities (Amylase, Lipase, AP, ACE, GOT, GPT, psi-ChE, CK, gamma-GT, LDH) were investigated in 13 haemodialysed children, 7 kidney-transplanted children and in 15 healthy controls. This study confirmed that the kidney plays an important role in the metabolism of hormones. Prior to kidney transplantation 8 of the 11 tested hormone levels of haemodialysed children significantly differed from those of healthy controls, however, after kidney transplantation only two parameters did. The effect of dialysis is the least on the CaHPO4 complex among the different inorganic phosphate complexes. This may play a role in vascular calcification in chronic renal failure patients. The amylase and lipase activity were elevated in haemodialysed group, while in kidney-transplanted children the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) differed from those of the control group.
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PMID:The serum hormone levels, phosphate complex concentrations and enzyme activities in haemodialysed and kidney-transplanted children. 169 May 69

We investigated by enzyme electrophoresis after prolonged neuraminidase treatment the activity of "intestinal variant" (alpha 2-globulin mobility) alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1; ALP) in the plasma of 189 patients selected for disorders (diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and chronic renal failure) with a known high frequency of increased plasma intestinal (beta-globulin mobility) ALP activity. The overall frequency of the variant ALP was 23.8%, whereas in the samples showing intestinal ALP it was 45.0%. The variant ALP was not observed in the absence of intestinal ALP, nor in patients of blood group A. Its frequency did not differ significantly between the different patient groups. Quantification of the variant ALP by densitometry was unsatisfactory but the quantity could be estimated by subtracting the intestinal ALP activity measured by electrophoresis from the activity determined by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody that reacts with both the intestinal and the variant forms. This indicated median activity of 12 U/L for the variant, approximately equal to that of the concomitant intestinal ALP. From the effects of papain and bromelain treatments, we suggest that "intestinal variant" represents intestinal ALP with attached membrane-binding domain.
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PMID:Intestinal variant alkaline phosphatase in plasma in disease. 170 Jul 41

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), produced by osteoblasts following parathormone (PTH) stimulation, is a local hormone with autocrine and paracrine functions on bone formation. To evaluate whether circulating IGF-1 is also important in stimulating bone formation, a study was carried out on 28 patients with slowly progressing nondialytic chronic renal failure. 9 patients were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3, while 19 did not receive vitamin D metabolites. In all patients a transiliac bone biopsy for histomorphometric studies was obtained, and the following determinations were made: immunoreactive PTH (iPTH), osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, IGF-1, serum calcium, phosphate and creatinine. Serum IGF-1 levels were similar in the two groups of patients, and higher than normal. iPTH and osteocalcin were positively correlated with serum creatinine, osteoblast surface and the eroded surface, but did not correlate with IGF-1. A negative (n.s.) relationship was found between dynamic bone parameters and circulating IGF-1, with the mineral apposition rate reaching a significant level (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, the circulating levels of IGF-1 are not correlated with bone formation parameters, thus apparently showing no role in bone turnover or dependency on bone production of the growth factor. The results may favor the hypothesis of a negative feedback control of circulating IGF-1 by suppressive signals originating from active bone metabolic units.
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PMID:Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone formation parameters in predialysis chronic renal failure. 177 36

Thirty-four children with chronic renal failure were examined to evaluate the character and frequency of radiographic changes in the jawbones as related to radiographic abnormalities in other skeletal regions and laboratory data. Twenty-seven children showed signs of renal osteodystrophy on the roentgenograms. Radiographic changes in the jawbones including alterations of the laminae durae were observed in twenty-three children. Total loss of laminae durae was only seen in connection with other skeletal signs of renal osteodystrophy. In all these cases the serum parathyroid hormone (iPTH-C) and alkaline phosphatase levels were remarkably increased so that even in the uremic child total absence of laminae durae cannot be considered a first symptom of renal osteodystrophy. However, radiographic changes in the jawbones are important signs for early detection of renal insufficiency in childhood, as these symptomes appeared with similar frequency as pathologic changes in other skeletal regions and were already present in stage of preterminal renal insufficiency.
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PMID:[Radiographic changes in the jaw bones of children with chronic renal failure]. 181 75


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