Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A consistent chromosome abnormality of C-G translocation, t(8;21)(q22;q22), was found in 15 acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) patients with low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (N-AP) activity. Granulocytes of these patients also had specific morphologic abnormalities. The bone marrow showed a tendency to relatively good maturation of leukemic cells for the disease AML. Clinical courses of the patients were mild and median survival was longer than that of patients with normal or high N-AP activity (p = 0.065, suggestive difference). Three out of six male patients with these type of AML had missing Y chromosome in addition to C-G translocation. The results suggest that specific cytogenetic abnormality of C-G translocation would be significantly associated with AML. Contrasting with low N-AP activity and the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelocytic leukemia, the findings in AML may offer additional evidence towards the possible relations between alkaline phosphatase activity and C or G chromosome.
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PMID:C-G translocation in acute myelocytic leukemia with low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity. 106 58

A novel staining method for simultaneously determining the immunophenotype and sex of peripheral lymphocytes is described. Cell surface markers on lymphocytes are identified using specific monoclonal antibodies located by a peroxidase anti-peroxidase staining technique (PAP). Lymphocytes are subsequently hybridised with a biotinylated Y chromosome-specific sequence probe and this is located by avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase staining. Following the two staining steps the preparation is examined and in the same field lymphocytes show brown peroxidase staining of cell surface markers and red staining of the Y chromosome. The application of this combined staining technique provides a convenient method for studying the development of different cell lineages following sex-mismatched bone-marrow transplantation and for the identification of chimeric situations. The method has been shown to be sensitive and reproducible.
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PMID:Combined detection of phenotype and Y chromosome by immunoenzyme labelling and in situ hybridisation on peripheral lymphocytes. 182 75

Nine acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) patients with a translocation 8;21, who were treated at Keio University Hospital between 1983 and August 1990, were reviewed. All of them were classified into AML-M2 subtype of the French-American-British classification. It formed 43% of all M2 cases. The patients' mean age was 47 years. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score was lower than normal and complete remission(CR) was achieved in all cases. In statistical analysis, patients with the t(8;21) showed a longer CR duration and a higher percentage of eosinophils than the other AML-M2 patients without this karyotype (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively). As an additional chromosomal abberation, two patients showed a loss of Y chromosome at first diagnosis and another patient did a deletion of 12p at the 3rd relapse and an elongation of 20q in addition to the 12p- at the 4th relapse. Although patients with the t(8;21) are regarded as a favorable group in respect of survival, we found a subset of patients who had poor prognosis. Some of them were accompanied with solid tumor formation. Only one patient has lived longer than 5 years. These findings suggest that AML with the t(8;21) is clinically heterogenous.
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PMID:Clinical heterogeneity in acute myelogenous leukemia with the 8;21 translocation. 188 Oct 29

The isolation of pluripotent murine embryonic stem (ES) cells has previously been achieved by coculturing the ES cells with fibroblast feeder cells. In this report we demonstrate that ES cell lines can be isolated from murine 129/Sv He blastocysts in the absence of feeder cells in culture medium supplemented with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Three of the ES cell lines (MBL-1, MBL-2, and MBL-3) were isolated by directly explanting blastocysts, whilst two ES cell lines (MBL-4 and MBL-5) were isolated from blastocysts pretreated by immunosurgery. Three of the ES cell lines contained the Y chromosome (MBL-1, MBL-2, and MBL-5) with a high proportion of the cells displaying a normal diploid karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 40. All of the ES cell lines tested expressed the stem cell markers ECMA-7 and alkaline phosphatase, which were lost on removal of LIF when the ES cells differentiated into a variety of cell types. The full developmental potential of the ES cells was determined by injecting cells from two of the independently derived ES cell lines, MBL-1 and MBL-5, into C57BL/6J blastocysts. A high proportion of the pups born were chimeric as judged by coat pigmentation. Subsequent breeding established that the ES cells had contributed to the germ line. These results demonstrate that feeder cells are not essential for the isolation of pluripotent ES cell lines.
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PMID:Isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells in media supplemented with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). 212 94

A continuous in vitro cell line of rat choriocarcinoma has been established. It is composed of pure trophoblast cells which multiply and differentiate. The morphology of the cells is very similar to normal rat cytotrophoblasts and giant cells. The cultured cells contain cytokeratin, alkaline phosphatase and express the receptors for Bandeira simplificifolia Agglutinin-I (BSA-I). They are hormonally active as demonstrated by the presence of lactogen and progesterone in the supernatant of the culture. The injected cells develop into choriocarcinoma in syngeneic as well as allogeneic rats. The morphological, biological and immunohistochemical features of these tumors are identical to those described in the transplantable neoplasm from which the in vitro line was established. The presence of Y chromosome in cultured cells proves the paternal origin of the primary tumor developed from extra-embryonic membranes in fetectomized rat and makes this neoplasm similar to human post-gestation choriocarcinoma.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a continuous in vitro line from a rat choriocarcinoma. 232 51

The aim of the study was to determine the fate of cultured skin allografts in patients with burns. In situ DNA hybridisation with a Y probe (pHY 2.1) was used to detect cells carrying the Y chromosome (the probe being visualised by the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase method) in biopsy specimens taken from cultured allografts derived from donors of the opposite sex to the recipients (20 patients with burns). Specimens were taken within a week, between one and three weeks, between four and six weeks, and more than six weeks after grafting. Only two of the 27 biopsy specimens contained cells that were the same sex as the donor; both were taken within a week after grafting. In the 25 other specimens the epithelial cells were the same sex as the recipient. Cultured skin allografts showed no evidence of survival in patients with burns, which suggests that they are probably not suitable for long term management of burns but may be useful as short term biological dressings.
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PMID:Survival of cultured allografts in patients with burns assessed with probe specific for Y chromosome. 247 Apr 46

Human chromosome DNA from WBC or fetus chorion samples were digested with Hae III and hybridized with biotinylated Y chromosome specific probe by Southern blotting, and hybridization signals were developed by the ABC (Avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase complex) system. The hybridization signal for 0.1 microgram of male DNA could be detected clearly, while the signal for even 5 micrograms of female DNA could not. Parallel tests showed that the sexing results using 32P-labeled and biotinylated Y probe were identical. This suggests that the biotinylated Y probe can be applied to the determination of X-linked genetic diseases and sex abnormality, forensic analysis, sex determination of sportsmen and women, heterosexual transplantation of bone marrow, etc. It could become a convenient means for genetic diagnosis.
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PMID:[Biotinylated Y chromosome specific probe for human sexing]. 253 80

A method was developed for the simultaneous detection of viral and human DNA in contrasting colours in routine formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded biopsy specimens. This was achieved by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (NISH) with a biotinylated Y chromosome probe and digoxigenin labelled probe for human papilloma virus type 6 (HPV 6). The tissues studied were peripheral lymphocytes, tonsil, and penile warts. The hybridisation signals produced by biotinylated probes were visualised in red using streptavidin peroxidase and those produced by digoxigenin labelled probes as a blue/black colour using anti-digoxigenin alkaline phosphatase. In lymphocytes and tonsil 95-100% of cells had a detectable Y chromosome; in warts only 60-70% of infected keratinocytes near the skin surface had a demonstrable Y chromosome. This suggests that this chromosome is lost or occluded in cell maturation. In simultaneous double hybridisation with both probes, HPV and Y sequences were demonstrable within the same nucleus in penile warts. This technique permits the simultaneous differential detection of two nuclei acid sequences in interphase nuclei and will have application in analysis of putative dual HPV infections and in determining the intranuclear spatial relations between nucleic acids in interphase nuclei.
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PMID:Interphase cytogenetics using biotin and digoxigenin labelled probes II: Simultaneous differential detection of human and papilloma virus nucleic acids in individual nuclei. 254 33

We described rapid methods to detect Y-specific repeated DNA sequences in cytological preparations using in situ hybridization. A human Y chromosome specific DNA probe with an insert equivalent to that in pHY2.1 was labelled with [alpha-32P]dCTP or photobiotin, and hybridized to chromosome preparations. Signals were visualized specifically on Y chromosomes after 1 day's autoradiography or a couple of hours treatment with streptavidin alkaline phosphatase/BCIP/NBT. These methods are useful for molecular confirmation of Y-autosomal translocations.
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PMID:Rapid methods to visualize Y-specific repeated DNA sequences in cytological preparations. 265 88

Sixty spare human embryos at various stages of preimplantation development were prepared for cytogenetic analysis. Fluorescent staining of those with metaphases allowed scoring for the presence of a Y chromosome. In situ hybridization was then performed using a biotinylated Y-specific sequence, and the probe was detected by a standard streptavidin-linked alkaline phosphatase system. This enabled comparison of the chromosomal sex with that obtained after in situ hybridization in 28 embryos, and the sexing result obtained by the two methods was concordant in all cases. A further 21 embryos in which no metaphase chromosomes were obtained were sexed by biotinylated in situ hybridization only. Overall, 66 per cent of male interphase nuclei demonstrated a Y-specific hybridization signal. Results were obtained in under 24 h, which may permit the sexing of an embryo biopsied during cleavage and the transfer of sexed embryos at the blastocyst stage to the mother's uterus in the same cycle as oocytes are collected for in vitro fertilization.
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PMID:Rapid sexing of human embryos by non-radioactive in situ hybridization: potential for preimplantation diagnosis of X-linked disorders. 277 87


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