Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) is a membrane-associated enzyme that is expressed on the surface of T cells and on the hepatocyte brush border. In a soluble form it is present in serum. CD26 has been implicated in the regulation of T cell activation and in the metabolism of hormones and cytokines. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) activity is elevated in the urine and serum of patients with biliary atresia (BA). To clarify the role of cholestasis in the development of increased serum and urinary DPP/CD26 activity, we studied the mechanism of activity increase in experimentally induced cholestasis of CD26-deficient and wild-type rats. The clinical utility of serum and urinary DPP/CD26 activity measurements was tested in adult and pediatric patients with hepatobiliary diseases and in liver transplant recipients. The results establish CD26-associated serum DPP activity as a novel, clinically useful marker of cholestasis and demonstrate that in contrast with alkaline phosphatase levels, DPP levels do not change in metastatic bone disease. Additionally, DPP activity is useful as a urinary test of cholestasis in infants who are not receiving nephrotoxic medication.
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PMID:Dipeptidyl peptidase activity of CD26 in serum and urine as a marker of cholestasis: experimental and clinical evidence. 1040 60

A study was undertaken to assess the impact of the protein nature and soya antigenicity on the morphology and some enzyme activities of the jejunum in preruminant calves. Twenty Holstein calves fitted with a duodenal cannula were fed a liquid diet based on skimmed milk powder (SMP) for 2 weeks. They were then switched onto diets containing a mixture of SMP and either antigenic heated soybean flour (HSF; n = 12) or hypo-antigenic soya protein concentrate (SPC; n = 8) for 8 weeks, after which they were reverted back to the SMP diet for 2 weeks. The diets contained similar amounts of digestible nitrogen and energy, and were fed at a rate of 55 g DM/kg(0.75)/d. Proximal jejunal biopsies were collected just before (week 0), during (weeks 2 and 8) and after (week 10) feeding of the soya-based diets, and were used for morphology measurements and the determination of total alkaline phosphatase, lactase, amino-peptidases A and N, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities. Feed intake and growth were similar between the HSF and SPC groups during the experimental period. The effects of antigenicity and the antigenicity x time interaction were never significant (P > 0.05). Villus height decreased (P < 0.01) between weeks 0 and 2, and increased (P < 0.05) between weeks 8 and 10. Villus width increased between weeks 2 and 8 (P < 0.001). Crypt depth also increased between weeks 0 and 2 (P < 0.001). Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01) and amino-peptidase N (P < 0.05) decreased between weeks 0 and 2. Conversely, those of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.0001), lactase (P < 0.01) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (P < 0.0001) increased between weeks 8 and 10. Specific activities for lactase and amino-peptidase N decreased (P < 0.01) between weeks 2 and 8. The treatments had little effects on the amino-peptidase A activity. In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that soybean protein markedly depressed the morphology and most enzyme activities of the calf small intestine. On the contrary, the in vitro antigenicity of soybean protein had little influence on these parameters in this study.
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PMID:Morphology and enzyme activities of the small intestine are modulated by dietary protein source in the preruminant calf. 1049 51

The regional toxicity of an anticancer agent for normal liver tissue following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) was evaluated in terms of morphology, function, and histopathology. Forty-two patients(M:F = 30:12; mean age, 59.9 years) with liver metastases from colorectal cancer were treated with HAI using a totally implantable vascular access port system from July 1994 to March 1999. The regimen used here was so-called weekly high-dose 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) infusion(5-FU, 1,000 mg/m2/week). Volume measurement of the liver demonstrated not only whole liver atrophy including the tumor but also volume reduction of the non-tumorous lobe. Atrophic change of the liver was seen in patients who were administered over 20 g/m2 of 5-FU(p < 0.01). The CT attenuation values of the liver were examined, and fatty infiltration was seen in six patients. Histologic examination of liver biopsies from the non-tumorous part revealed steatosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the portal triad, which were not seen in specimens prior to HAI. On clinical laboratory findings, enzymes representing bile duct, including alkaline phosphatase, leucine amino peptidase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, were increased in 22 patients. In terms of regional toxicity for long-term HAI, 20 g/m2 of 5-FU, is the key dose at which to consider temporary cessation or dose reduction.
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PMID:[Evaluation of hepatic toxicity following high-dose 5-FU arterial infusion chemotherapy: analysis of 42 cases of colorectal liver metastases]. 1074 Nov 16

Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens are mostly responsible for the granulomatous pathology in human intestinal schistosomiasis. Several previous studies have indicated that the induction of an immune response against some parasite enzymes may protect against pathology. The present work was designed to identify enzyme activities present in a standard soluble egg antigen (SEA) preparation. Simple colorimetric analyses were performed incubating SEA with 2-naphthyl, 2-naphthylamide (2NA), or p-nitrophenyl substrates at different pHs in the absence of added effectors. Results showed prominent acid phosphatase (pH 5.4), alkaline phosphatase (pH 8.5), and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (pH 5.4) activities. Relevant peptidase activities were also detected at pH 6.5-7.5 against 2NA derivatives of (1) aliphatic (alpha-Ala > beta-Ala > Leu > Met > S-benzyl-Cys), polar (Ser > Gln), basic (Arg > Lys > ornithine), and acidic (Glu) amino acids; (2) dipeptides: X-Ala (X = Gly > Leu > Lys > Asp), X-Arg (X = Ala > Arg > Phe > Gly > Pro > Asp), Ser-Met, and Phe-Pro; and (3) tripeptides (Ala-Phe-Pro > Phe-Pro-Ala). The data demonstrated that S. mansoni SEA contains a rich set of hydrolases with different specificities that might play a role in the egg physiology and possibly also in the host-parasite relationships.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen. 1112 95

To date there are only few reports evaluating the potential nephrotoxic reactions of the new 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to screen the tubular and glomerular functions in patients with UC in maintenance treatment with either 5-ASA azo-compounds (sulphasalazine and olsalazine) or mesalazine. Patients with UC in clinical remission treated with either sulphasalazine, olsalazine, or mesalazine for more than 1 year were included in an open, single-blind retrospective Norwegian multicenter study. Serum and urine creatinine, serum and urine beta2-microglobulin, urine N-acetyl-beta-glucoseamidase (NAG), urine alkaline phosphatase, urine microalbumin, urine alanine amino peptidase, and urine beta2-microglobulin were measured. Fifty-two females and 75 males (n = 127), ages 20-69, were evaluated. Thirty-six patients were treated with sulphasalazine (mean treatment time 10.1+/-6.6 years [mean +/- SD]), 32 patients were treated with olsalazine (2.3+/-1.4 years), and 59 patients with mesalazine (3.2+/-2.0 years). At inclusion, there were no significant differences in the serum or urine values between the groups. In 17 patients (1 patient [3%] in the sulphasalazine group, 4 patients [13%] in the olsalazine group, and 12 patients [20%] in the mesalazine group), at least one abnormal serum and/or urine value was detected. After 10 years of treatment, only one abnormal value was found among the 19 patients in the sulphasalazine group. The abnormal values observed in the other groups indicated minor glomerular or tubular renal damage. In conclusion, long term sulphasalazine treatment appears to be safe and free of nephrotoxic side effects, whereas minor glomerular and tubular impairment are observed in a few patients treated with olsalazine and mesalazine.
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PMID:Glomerular and tubular renal functions after long-term medication of sulphasalazine, olsalazine, and mesalazine in patients with ulcerative colitis. 1114 59

A strategy for hepatocyte transplantation was recently developed whereby massive replacement of the recipient liver is achieved after a combined treatment with retrorsine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, and partial hepatectomy. We now investigated whether liver repopulation could occur in this animal model in the absence of any exogenous growth stimuli (eg, partial hepatectomy) for the transplanted cells. Dipeptidyl-peptidase type IV-deficient (DPPIV-) rats were used as recipients. Rats were given two injections of retrorsine (30 mg/kg each, 2 weeks apart), followed by transplantation of 2 x 10(6) hepatocytes isolated from a normal, syngeneic, DPPIV+ donor. At 2 weeks after transplantation, clusters of DPPIV+ hepatocytes occupied 3.3 +/- 0.9% of host liver, increasing to 38.2 +/- 6.3% at 2 months, and to 65.9 +/- 8.8% at 5 months. By 1 year, >95% of the original hepatocytes were replaced by donor-derived cells. Serum parameters related both to hepatocyte function and integrity (including glucose, bilirubin, total proteins, cholinesterase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were in the normal range in retrorsine-treated and repopulated animals. These results provide further insights toward developing strategies for effective liver repopulation by transplanted hepatocytes with reduced toxicity for the host and potential clinical applicability.
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PMID:Massive liver replacement by transplanted hepatocytes in the absence of exogenous growth stimuli in rats treated with retrorsine. 1115 14

Marine fish larvae undergo major morphological and cellular changes during the first month of life. The ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract combines these two aspects of the larval development and is very interesting in that the timing of functional changes appears genetically hard-wired. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the gastrointestinal development process in marine fish larvae, with particular attention to three species: sea bass; red drum; and sole, since the description of gut maturation in fish larvae was initiated during the last decade with these species. During the early stages, marine fish larvae exhibit particular digestive features. Concerning the exocrine pancreas, amylase expression decreases with age from the third week post-hatching in sea bass and red drum (approximately 400 degree days), whereas expression of other enzymes (trypsin, lipase, phospholipase A2...) increases until the end of the larva period. Moreover, secretory function of the exocrine pancreas progressively develops and becomes efficient after the third week of life. Concerning the intestine, enzymes of the enterocyte cytosol (in particular peptidase) have higher activity in young larvae than in older. Approximately in the fourth week of post-hatching development in sea bass, red drum and sole larvae, the cytosolic activities dramatically decline concurrently with a sharp increase in membranous enzyme activities of the brush border, such as alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase N, maltase. This process characterises the normal maturation of enterocytes in developing fish larvae and also in other vertebrates' species. The establishment of an efficient brush border membrane digestion represents the adult mode of digestion of enterocytes. This paper also describes the role of diet on the development of the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, the maturational process of digestive enzyme can be enhanced, stopped, or delayed depending on the composition of the diet.
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PMID:Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract of marine fish larvae. 1173 35

In rats fed 18% protein diet, administration of endosulfan (2mg/kg body weight daily for 7 days) significantly decreased the brush border sialic acid and increased the hexoses contents. The intestinal uptake of glucose was increased while that of glycine and calcium was reduced. Brush border enzymes and lipids were not affected. However, in protein malnourished rats (fed 8% protein) exposed to endosulfan, brush border sucrase and peptidase activities were enhanced, while alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased compared to untreated malnourished animals. Membrane sialic acid content was low while fucose and cholesterol levels were augmented in endosulfan fed malnourished animals. The uptake of glucose and glycine was elevated under these conditions. These results Suggest that the nutritional status of the animals has an important bearing on thc susceptibility of intestinal tissue to endosulfan toxicity in rats.
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PMID:Effects of endosulfan on intestinal functions in protein-malnourished rats. 1188 9

The effect of intestinal colonization with Bifidobacterium bifidum (Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium colonizing the intestine of healthy new-born mammals, exhibiting a probiotic effect, protecting the intestinal mucosa against colonization by pathogenic microflora) on enterocyte brush-border enzymes was examined in weaned 23-d- and in 2-month-old gnotobiotic inbred mice and compared with that in corresponding germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) controls. The two groups of GF mice were associated with human B. bifidum 11 d before the end of the experiment. Specific activity of enterocyte brush-border enzymes--lactase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was significantly higher in both age groups of GF mice in comparison with CV ones; on the other hand, sucrase and glucoamylase activities were higher in CV mice. Monoassociation with B. bifidum accelerates biochemical maturation of enterocytes resulting in a shift of specific activities of brush-border enzymes between the values found for GF and CV mice. This effect of B. bifidum supplementation was less pronounced for alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, glucoamylase and dipeptidyl peptidase i.v. in immature gut of weaned mice than of 2-month-old ones.
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PMID:Bifidobacterium bifidum monoassociation of gnotobiotic mice: effect on enterocyte brush-border enzymes. 1189 51

A gram-negative alkaline phosphatase- and pyrrolidone peptidase-positive rod-shaped bacterium (CCUG 45702) was isolated from two aerobic blood cultures from a female cancer patient. No identification could be reached using phenotypic techniques. Amplification of the tRNA intergenic spacers revealed fragments with lengths of 116, 133, and 270 bp, but no such pattern was present in our reference library. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed its identity as Moraxella atlantae, a species isolated only rarely and published only once as causing infection. In retrospect, the phenotypic characteristics fit the identification as M. atlantae (formerly known as CDC group M-3). Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicates that M. atlantae, M. lincolnii, and M. osloensis might constitute three separate genera within the MORAXELLACEAE: After treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for 2 days, fever subsided and the patient was dismissed.
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PMID:Bacteremia due to Moraxella atlantae in a cancer patient. 1208 12


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