Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Administration of a single oral dose of dieldrin (20 mg/kg body wt.) to rhesus monkeys considerably elevated the uptake of glucose and the activities of brush border sucrase, lactase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase in intestine compared to control animals. Leucine uptake and leucine amino peptidase activity was significantly depressed in pesticide-treated animals. Kinetic studies with brush border sucrase revealed that augmentation of enzyme activity in pesticide-fed animals was due to an increase in the disaccharidase content.
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PMID:Acute dieldrin toxicity: effect on the uptake of glucose and leucine and on brush border enzymes in monkey intestine. 679 50

A cage implant system has been utilized to examine the in vivo biocompatibility of a biodegradable hydrogel, poly(2-hydroxy-ethyl-L-glutamine) (PHEG). This system permits the quantitative determination of the components of the inflammatory exudate which surrounds the implanted polymer within the cage system. This system permits the serial examination of exudate components without sacrificing the animal. In addition, this system allows the subsequent removal of the polymer for surface and mechanical studies. Following implantation of the biodegradable hydrogel, quantitative and differential white cell counts of the exudates were determined over a 21-day period. In addition, concomitant extracellular enzyme analyses for alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, leucine amino-peptidase, and Cathepsin B1 were determined. Corresponding control samples from exudates of the cage implant without the polymer were also determined. The two-tailed Student's t-test for unpaired samples was used to statistically compare the control and implanted polymer values for these respective analyses at the various time periods. A comparison of the cellular response for the control system and the PHEG system did not show statistically significant differences during the first 7 days following implantation. The acute inflammatory response, polymorphonuclear leukocyte predominant, was followed by a mild chronic inflammatory response, macrophage and lymphocyte predominant, and during this time period, 8-14 days, macrophages were present in significantly larger numbers for the PHEG system when compared to the control values. Enzymic analysis of the exudates revealed statistically significant differences between control and PHEG values at time intervals where no differences were noted in cell density or population. These results are discussed in terms of cell-polymer interactions leading to cellular activation and enhanced enzyme exocytosis by the inflammatory cells. Stress-strain measurements on implanted PHEG samples showed that significant in vivo degradation had occurred during the acute inflammatory phase of the response, i.e., the first 7 days.
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PMID:In vivo biocompatibility studies. I. The cage implant system and a biodegradable hydrogel. 684 71

The pathology and enzymology of the intestinal mucosae of lambs dosed daily with 2500 Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae and killed at five, nine or 14 weeks were compared with worm-free animals. The proximal small intestines of the infected lambs exhibited extensive mucosal damage at five and nine weeks, but only isolated lesions were found at 14 weeks. Activities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase, leucine amino-peptidase, maltase and glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase were all significantly depleted during infection, although the magnitude, time of onset and duration of the individual enzyme responses varied. Mucosal activities of the pancreatic enzymes, trypsin and to a lesser extent chymotrypsin were also markedly decreased particularly during the first nine weeks of infection. Specific acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly increased throughout the study, maximal levels being observed at five weeks. In contrast 'pseudo'-cholinesterase levels were consistently within the control range. During the early stages of infection (five weeks) glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity was significantly decreased, while aldolase and creatine phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated. At nine weeks low glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activities were again detected and lactate dehydrogenase activity was also markedly reduced. At 14 weeks the mean activities of all four enzymes were within the normal range as were superoxide dismutase levels throughout. Significant correlations were found between alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, aldolase and glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activities and the degree of mucosal damage within the individual lambs.
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PMID:Changes in the intestinal enzyme activity of lambs during chronic infection with Trichostrongylus vitrinus. 710 Jun 47

Imposition of undernutrition during the suckling period considerably enhanced the intestinal uptake of D-glucose and glycine compared to a control group. Brush border sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were drastically reduced while lactase and leucine amino peptidase levels were significantly elevated at weaning in nutritionally deprived pups as compared to control animals. Cortisone administration to undernourished rats depressed the uptake of D-glucose but stimulated that of glycine. Thyroxine treatment to undernourished animals reduced the uptake of glucose but had no effect on glycine absorption. Brush border sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were stimulated in cortisone- or thyroxine-injected undernourished rats but lactase activity was depressed under these conditions. Leucine aminopeptidase activity remained unaffected in cortisone- or thyroxine-administered undernourished pups.
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PMID:Alterations in intestinal function in response to thyroxine and cortisone administration in undernourished rats. 713 57

A case report is presented of a young woman in whom symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) developed during copper chelation therapy for Wilson's disease. The 22 year old white woman was seen in the summer of 1978 because of development of blisters on the dorsa of the hands associated with focal atrophic hypopigmentation, generalized hyperpigmentation of the skin, and hpertrichosis of the lateral forehead and face. A sibling had died in childhood with Wilson's disease. When the patient developed hepatomegaly, ascites, and an acute hepatitis syndrome at the age of 11, penicillamine therapy was empirically started, with gradual symptomatic improvement. When evaluated at the age of 22, abnormal laboratory values included a total bilirubin of 1.2 mg%; alkaline phosphatase, 96 U; serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), 175 U; serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), 122 U; gamma glutamyl trans peptidase (GGTP), 64 U; and Bromsulphalein (BSP) retention, 21% at 45 minutes. Skin biopsy from the hand revealed a noninflammatory subepidermal bulla with prominently PAS positive vessel walls in the festooned dermal papillae at the base of the blister. A fragmented liver biopsy failed to reveal evidence of active hepatitis or cirrhosis, but considerable stainable iron was present in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. A rubeanic acid stain for copper was negative. The patient was diagnosed as having Wilson's disease, hepatic hemosiderosis, and PCT. Cessation of all ethanol consumption and discontinuation of the oral contraceptives which she had been taking for 6 years, was recommended. On examination 9 and 22 months after these modifications were instituted, the patient felt asymptomatic and was without evidence of any new blisters or scars of her skin. The hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis persisted, but she rigidly adhered to a program of penicillamine, topical sunscreen application, and abnegation of alcohol. Liver function studies were normal, and urinary porphyrin levels returned toward normal values. The clinical onset of this patient's blistering disease was temporally associated with ethanol and exogenous estrogen medication.
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PMID:Porphyria cutanea tarda complicating Wilson's disease. 720 91

It is established that in membranes of small intestine epithelial cells microvilli in rats, which were administered cholesterol for a long time, the content of this sterol and its esters as well as of phospholipids is different. Differences in the content of lipids are a reason of changes in the sucrose, alkaline phosphatase and leucilamino-peptidase activities. These changes are accompanied by an increase on the molar cholesterol esters-free cholesterol ratio in blood plasma and cholesterol-phospholipids ratio in the microvilli membranes. Beta-sitosterol administered to experimental animals incorporates into the intestine plasma membranes, blocks up the transfer sites, inhibiting cholesterol absorption, which evidently decreases the sterol content in blood serum.
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PMID:[Lipid composition and activity of certain enzymes in membranes of intestinal epithelium microvilli in rats with experimental hypercholesterinemia]. 728 Dec 59

The transforming gene v-crk found in CT10 and ASV-1 avian sarcoma viruses induces marked phosphorylation of several proteins in cells expressing p47v-crk (v-Crk). In this work, the main tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in ASV-1-infected chicken cells and v-crk-transfected rat cells were characterized biochemically. Both these proteins have a molecular mass of about 130 kDa and are tightly associated with v-Crk in vivo. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that they are both essentially single proteins (p130) with modifications that result in a broad spot in an acidic region. The broad band of semi-purified p130 became sharp at an elevated position in the gel upon treatment with orthovanadate in vivo or with c-Src kinase produced using a baculovirus vector in vitro, whereas it shifted at a lower position upon treatment with alkaline phosphatase in vitro. These results suggest multiple phosphorylation states of p130, which result in a broad band of p130. Two procedures of immunoaffinity purification were used to purify p130 from 3Y1 cells transfected with v-crk. Approximately 30 pmol of purified p130 was obtained in an immobilized form on a filter starting from 3 x 10(10) cells. Peptide mapping of p130 digested in situ by peptidase revealed that the purity and quantity of the final material were enough for peptide sequencing. Several stretches of partial amino acid sequences were determined, and they indicated that p130 is a novel protein.
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PMID:Characterization, partial purification, and peptide sequencing of p130,the main phosphoprotein associated with v-Crk oncoprotein. 780 94

The physiological mechanisms that regulate epithelial gene expression during enterocyte migration and differentiation are still poorly understood. The present study has used a combination of quantitative in situ hybridisation, immunohistochemistry and enzyme cytochemistry to examine epithelial cell differentiation in rabbit small intestine. We have measured and compared the levels of mRNA and enzyme activity of the enterocyte brush border markers alkaline phosphatase, amino-peptidase N and lactase in normal villus epithelia and in epithelial cells exposed directly to the Peyer's patch immune environment. All three genes appeared to be expressed in parallel, but in each epithelial population examined, the pattern of gene expression was different. The level of these mRNAs was markedly reduced in Peyer's patch-associated epithelia, this being most pronounced in the follicle-associated epithelium, compared with normal villi. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N approximated the expression of their genes, whereas additional post-transcriptional events were shown to clearly contribute to the level of lactase activity in these tissues. These findings demonstrate that the reduced brush border hydrolase activity in Peyer's patch tissue that has been observed previously, is due to a down-regulation of epithelial gene expression in this location. These observations have been used to discuss epithelial differentiation in Peyer's patch tissue and the possible role of local immune factors in regulating such events.
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PMID:Selective regulation of epithelial gene expression in rabbit Peyer's patch tissue. 781 61

Previous studies have shown that temperature-sensitive, myo2-66 yeast arrest as large, unbudded cells that accumulate vesicles within their cytoplasm (Johnston, G. C., J. A. Prendergast, and R. A. Singer. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:539-551). In this study we show that myo2-66 is synthetically lethal in combination with a subset of the late-acting sec mutations. Thin section electron microscopy shows that the post-Golgi blocked secretory mutants, sec1-1 and sec6-4, rapidly accumulate vesicles in the bud, upon brief incubations at the restrictive temperature. In contrast, myo2-66 cells accumulate vesicles predominantly in the mother cell. Double mutant analysis also places Myo2 function in a post-Golgi stage of the secretory pathway. Despite the accumulation of vesicles in myo2-66 cells, pulse-chase studies show that the transit times of several secreted proteins, including invertase and alpha factor, as well as the vacuolar proteins, carboxy-peptidase Y and alkaline phosphatase, are normal. Therefore the vesicles which accumulate in this mutant may function on an exocytic pathway that transports a set of cargo proteins that is distinct from those analyzed. Our observations are consistent with a role for Myo2 in transporting a class of secretory vesicles from the mother cell along actin cables into the bud.
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PMID:The role of Myo2, a yeast class V myosin, in vesicular transport. 789 71

We present a case of unknown fever and abnormal liver functions which developed during the course of pain management for herpes zoster with repeated epidural blocks with 0.5% lidocaine 10 ml. The patient was a 67 year old woman. At her first admission to dermatology, there were no abnormal findings in her blood examinations. She complained of severe pain from herpes zoster. She was admitted to the pain clinic. She received thoracic epidural blocks with 0.5% lidocaine 10 ml repeatedly three or four times a week. Two weeks later, she developed general fatigue, appetite loss, nausea and a high fever. Blood examinations revealed the elevation of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyltrans peptidase (gamma-GTP), C reactive protein (CRP), and blood sedimentation rate (BSR). Many examinations including abdominal and thoracic computer tomography and abdominal echograph could not reveal the cause of high fever and abnormal blood examinations. We continued the thoracic epidural block for her herpes zoster pain. GOT, GPT, ALP, and gamma-GTP gradually went down to normal values in next two weeks, though fever still persisted. At this time, lymphocyte cell simulation test with 0.5 % lidocaine was positive and eosinophylic cell had increased to 5%. After ceasing the epidural block, fever resolved and blood examinations returned to normal values. These findings suggest strongly that 0.5% lidocaine induced fever and hepatitis.
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PMID:[Unknown fever and abnormal liver functions after repeated epidural blocks with lidocaine for management of herpes zoster pain]. 818 88


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