Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.02 seconds)

The activity of proline imino-peptidase (EC 3.4.1.4) may provide a measure of collagen degradation, and a method for its estimation in human serum is described. The mean value of this enzyme activity in 48 normal adults of 4.7 mU/l (S.D. 0.9) did not change with sex, age or dietary collagen. In 8 patients with liver disease associated with elevated levels of plasma alkaline phosphatase activity the mean value was normal (4.5 mU/l, S.D. 1.5). However, in 25 patients with untreated Paget's disease of bone, values were significantly increased (mean 7.4 mU/l; S.D. 2.8; p less than 0.001) and were positively correlated with plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (r = 0.75; p less than 0.001) and with urine total hydroxyproline excretion (r = 0.68; p less than 0.001). In patients given disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate for 3--6 months, serum proline imino-peptidase activity decreased to normal values.
...
PMID:Serum proline imino-peptidase activity in normal adult subjects and in patients with Paget's disease of bone. 82 68

Histochemical and ultrastructural investigation of the prostate in baboons treated parenterally with saline revealed that the epithelial cells in the caudal prostatic lobe possess very high acid phosphatase activity, moderate nonspecific esterase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity, and little or no amino-peptidase or beta-glucuronidase activity. Only a few lipofuscin granules were found. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial cells had a characteristic polar appearance with a supranuclear zone dominated by large secretory vacuoles. Secretory granules were abundant in the apical zone. No clear difference was found between the cranial and the caudal prostate except that the acid phosphatase activity of the epithelial cells was much lower in the former. In baboons treated with estraumustine phosphate, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, or with flutamide, i.e., drugs used in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma, the epithelial cells in the caudal prostatic lobe showed a varying degree of atrophy, which was least in the flutamide-treated animals. The histologic changes were accompanied by only minor changes in the enzyme activities, but the number of histochemically demonstrable lipofuscin granules were substantially increased, a finding confirmed by electron microscopy. The drugs did not notably affect the cranial prostate. The findings showed that the caudal, but not the cranial, lobe of the prostate of the baboon resembles the human prostate and can be affected by drugs known to have a desirable effect on the carcinomatous human prostate.
...
PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural study of prostatic tissue from baboons treated with antiprostatic drugs. 82 25

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
...
PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

In the present attempt, kidney from newly born albino-rat litters has been examined for few enzymes. Those selected for the study include, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase; adenosine monophosphatase, nonspecific osterase and leucine amino peptidase. All the enzymes were observed exhibiting strong positive reactions except moderate acid phosphatase. Furthermore, a comparison of relative enzyme activities with adult rat kidney has been made. Variations in the distribution and intensity of reactions this observed have been discussed in relation to the hypothesis that redistribution of enzymes occurs as the animal becomes older. Functional role of these enzymes in the young kidney have also been discussed.
...
PMID:Postnatal enzymorphology of the albino-rat kidney. 86 15

Twenty days after the onset of alloxan-induced diabetes, a villous hyperplasia has developed in the intestines of rats having free access to food. The transformation is characterised by a considerable increase in the area of the villous surface, caused by an enhanced mitotic activity in the crypts. The absorption of glucose or methionine by jejunal loops, whether expressed in terms of serosal area or villous area, is unchanged at this stage. On the other hand, the specific activity of certain disaccharidases and dipeptidases in crude mucosal homogenates is greater in diabetic animals, but quantitative histochemistry revealed no changes in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, leucine amino-peptidase and non-specific esterase in the individual enterocytes. Thus the biochemical changes may simply reflect the hyperplasia of the mucosa. The blood sugar level does not appear to be directly responsible for the mucosal transformation; however, the positive correlation between the daily food intake and the villus height suggests a role of hyperphagia and consequent increased luminal nutrition in the development of the hyperplasia.
...
PMID:Structural and functional studies on the transformation of the intestinal mucosa in rats with experimental diabetes. 88 18

Among 179 patients with various chronic diseases of the liver the authors found in 20 cases histological evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis and in all these cases lipoproteid X (LP-X) was present in the serum. In the group of 159 patients without evidence of cholestasis in microscopic examination of liver tissue LP-X was demonstrated only in two cases (1.3%). The results of investigations confirm the view that detection of LP-X in the serum is a specific and sensitive index of cholestasis and its value in the diagnosis of this condition is greater than that of determinations of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, leucinamino-peptidase activity or cholesterol in the serum.
...
PMID:Significance of serum lipoproteid-X (LP-X) determination for the diagnosis of cholestasis in chronic liver diseases. 122 4

Ifosfamide (IF) is an alkylating cytostatic derived from nitrogen mustard. In addition to its well-known urotoxic effects (hemorrhagic cystitis), several cases of Fanconi syndrome following IF therapy have been reported. No information is available concerning the pathomechanisms of this tubulotoxicity. We used the permanent renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 in order to investigate whether major metabolites of IF (i.e. 4-OH-IF, acrolein and chloracetyldehyde) induced the transport defects most frequently detected after IF therapy in vivo. LLC-PK1 cells of passages 162-177, grown in plastic culture dishes, were used in a confluent state. Sodium-dependent and independent fluxes of l-[3H]alanine and of D-[3H]glucose were determined by standard techniques. Activities of marker enzymes of apical and basolateral membranes, of mitochondria and of endoplasmic reticulum were determined in cell homogenates. IF itself has no detectable effect on fluxes of l-alanine and D-glucose in LLC-PK1 cells. The IF metabolite 4-OOH-IF induces a clear inhibition of sodium-dependent fluxes of both substrates after a 24-hour exposure of cells to 100 mumol/l of 4-OOH-IF. Chloracetaldehyde induces a biphasic response of sodium-dependent fluxes of l-alanine with increased uptake rates at low concentrations (< 200 mumol/l) and with a short incubation time, while higher concentrations and long exposure of the cells leads to a reduction in sodium coupled transport. Glucose transport is affected in a comparable way, however, in contrast to alanine transport, chloracetaldehyde also stimulates sodium-independent fluxes of glucose. Acrolein is the most toxic substance tested. It severely damages cell monolayers at concentrations beyond 75 mumol/l. Sodium-coupled glucose and alanine transport is inhibited by acrolein at concentrations higher than 50 mumol/l. Sodium-coupled glucose transport is more sensitive to all metabolites tested than alanine transport. While acrolein strongly affects both transport systems, marker enzymes of the apical plasma membrane, i.e. alkaline phosphatase and leucine amino-peptidase, are not significantly inhibited, suggesting a specificity of the toxic effect for the transport proteins. We conclude that LLC-PK1 cells represent a good model for further investigation of the pathogenesis of Fanconi syndrome after IF therapy. Sodium-dependent transport systems are more sensitive to acrolein than other cell surface proteins.
...
PMID:Inhibition of sodium-dependent transport systems in LLC-PK1 cells by metabolites of ifosfamide. 128 22

The activity of the small intestine's peptide hydrolases is higher in 1-day old rats than in adult rats, whereas levels of activity of alkaline phosphatase and diglycyl glycine peptidase do not differ significantly in these two groups of the rats. Our own data on carbohydrases corroborate other authors' evidence and reveals that activities of lactase, sucrase and maltase are either absent or very low in the first days of life and sharply increase by the third week of postnatal development. Adaptive changes of regulatory properties of lactase and alkaline phosphatase are revealed.
...
PMID:[The detailed characteristics of the enzyme spectrum of the small intestine in rats in the early postnatal period]. 133 21

The brush border of normal small-intestine epithelial cells is rich in enzymes that are involved in the digestive process. Such molecules can be used as markers to analyze cell lineages and differentiation properties of colorectal cancers. Monoclonal antibodies detecting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aminopeptidase N, endopeptidase F, sucrase-isomaltase, alkaline phosphatase, maltase-glucoamylase and lactase have been used to analyze the phenotype of colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa and histologically normal distant mucosa. The avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method was used. Expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aminopeptidase N, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase was common in non-neoplastic mucosa adjacent to, and distant from, the tumor; in contrast, endopeptidase F, maltase-glucoamylase and lactase were rarely expressed in normal distant mucosa and more frequently expressed in mucosa adjacent to the tumor. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aminopeptidase N, endopeptidase F, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase were frequently expressed in colorectal cancers, whereas maltase-glucoamylase and lactase were rarely expressed. Two general patterns of antibody reactivity were observed: diffuse cytoplasmic and apical; apical reactivity was generally associated with more differentiated tumors. A logistic predictive regression model indicated that enzyme expression in colorectal cancers followed a coordinate pattern, but was unrelated to the location of the tumor, Dukes stage or differentiation grade. In conclusion, expression of brush-border-associated enzymes occurs frequently in colorectal cancers and is regulated in a co-ordinated manner. These markers can be used for the phenotypic sub-classification of colorectal cancers.
...
PMID:Intestinal brush-border-associated enzymes: co-ordinated expression in colorectal cancer. 134 6

Ethanol feeding to rats for 40 days enhanced (p < 0.001) the activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GTP), and p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-beta-D-galactosidase (p < 0.05) with no change in leucine amino peptidase (LAP) and PNP-beta-D-glucosidase activities in intestine compared with control rats. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and GTP were diminished (p < 0.01) in ethanol-fed malnourished rats. There was no change in LAP activity, but the levels of glucosidase and galactosidase were elevated under these conditions. Brush-border sialic acid, fucose, hexose, and hexosamine contents were elevated in ethanol-fed protein-deficient animals. Ethanol administration to normally fed rats elevated the membrane sialic acid and hexose contents, reduced fucose content, and had no effect on brush-border hexosamine content compared with the control group. These results are in agreement with data on lectin binding to brush borders under these conditions. Alcohol ingestion reduced the incorporation of [14C]-glucosamine into brush borders in rats maintained on an 18% protein diet but augmented the incorporation of [14C]-glucosamine and [14C]-mannose in protein-malnourished membranes. These observations suggest that nutrition status influences the sensitivity of microvillus membrane glycosylation to ethanol feeding in rat intestine.
...
PMID:Chronic ethanol feeding and microvillus membrane glycosylation in normal and protein-malnourished rat intestine. 142 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---