Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mutations defining three new loci, sapA, sapB and phoS, were detected by their ability to overcome the phosphatase-negative phenotype of early-blocked asporogenous mutants in sporulation conditions. Synthesis of alkaline phosphatase by Bacillus subtilis is subject to 'vegetative' and 'sporulation' controls. The phoS mutations resulted in constitutive production of alkaline phosphatase and so could be altered in either the 'vegetative' or the 'sporulation' control system. The sapA and sapB mutations only affected alkaline phosphatase formation in sporulation conditions, and were considered to be sporulation specific. They rendered 'sporulation' alkaline phosphatase formation independent of all the spomutations tested, and so independent of the control of the dependent sequences of spo locus expression; as the enzyme was not formed constitutively, it remained subject to some other sporulation control. The sapA and phoS loci were placed between argC4 and metC3 on the genetic map; the sapB locus was located close to purB6. The three loci mapped separately from all known spo loci.
 ...
PMID:New types of mutation affecting formation of alkaline phosphatase by Bacillus subtilis in sporulation conditions. 41 Sep 7

Extracellular hydrolases (protease and alkaline phosphatase) of the coccidioidal fungus possessed antigenic properties and caused production of the corresponding antibodies. Phosphatase-antiphosphatase-substrate system apparently has future prospects for the elaboration of immunobiochemical methods for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis.
 ...
PMID:[Immunochemical properties of the extracellular hydrolases (protease and alkaline phosphatase) of Coccidioides immitis]. 41 Dec 89

1. The proteins of the intestinal microvillus membrane have been studied during post-natal development in the rat (days 12--37). 2. In suckling animals (up to age 20 days), the majority of alkaline phosphatase, glucoamylase and lactase activities in the distal half of the intestine were located in the supernatant fraction (100000 X g, 60 min). These enzymes were attached to the membrane from the proximal intestine at all ages. 3. Alkaline phosphatase, maltase and lactase activities in the supernatant fractions chromatographed in Sephadex G-200 in positions similar to the corresponding membrane enzyme. Corresponding activities for lysosomal counter-parts of maltase and lactase present in the supernatant fraction chromatographed differently. Moreover, pH optimum of the soluble enzymes was 9.2 for phosphatase and 5.5--6.0 for glycoamylase and lactase. The soluble lactase and alkaline phosphatase were inhibited minimally by p-chloromercuribenzoate, and sodium fluoride respectively. L-Phenylalanine (20 mM) did inhibit the soluble phosphatase by 90%. Thus, the soluble enzymes are not mainly of the lysosomal origin, but have characteristics of membrane-bound enzymes. 4. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed 18 protein bands which were present in adult membranes. Two other proteins were unique for membranes of distal intestine in suckling rats. The proteins corresponding to known enzyme activity changed as expected with age (e.g. sucrase, maltase increased, lactase decreased). Most of the other proteins were also altered in amount during development. Thus, the changes in the microvillus membrane during development in the rat are not limited to specific enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Development of intestinal brush border membrane proteins in the rat. 41 9

We used the inhibitors bromotetramisole, L-phenylalanine amide, and L-phenylalanine in combination to measure intestinal phosphatase in maternal serum and amniotic fluid. By using high concentrations of these inhibitors, it was possible to measure the three isoenzymes separately. We found no evidence of the presence of meconial alkaline phosphatase in the serum of the mother (six cases) after meconial passage in utero.
 ...
PMID:Use of specific inhibitors to disciminate alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes originating from human liver, placenta and intestine: absence of meconial alkaline phosphatase in maternal serum. 45 43

The nature of the 5'-termini in pre-mRNA isolated from Ehrlich carcinoma cells has been investigated. To discriminate between triphosphorylated 5'-ends and capped structures different methods were used including treatment by alkaline phosphatase and several chromatographic methods. It was shown that heavey pre-mRNA contains a significant number of non-blocked triphosphorylated nucleotides at the 5'-end termini. However, phosphatase resistent, blocked 5'-termini were also found. 5'-terminal nucleotides in triphosphorylated pre-mRNA are G in a 3 : 2 ratio. In contrast to nuclear pre-mRNA cytoplasmic poly(A)+mRNA does not contain triphosphorylated 5'-ends but does contain the "cap" structure only. To elucidate the pre-mRNA topography the localization of homopolymeric regions of pre-mRNA, poly(A) and oligo(U), in relation to 5'terminal structures has been investigated. The experiments showed that the distance between 3'-terminal poly(A) sequences and 5'-end triphosphates is longer than 1500--2000 nucleotides. At the same time the distance between the latter and oligo(U) in pre-mRNA is much shorter.
 ...
PMID:[Structure of nuclear pre-mRNA. XI. Triphosphorylated and blocked 5'-ends in the pre-mRNA]. 46 Jan 97

Semen samples were collected at weekly intervals for six weeks from eight sexually mature beagles previously shown to produce normal ejaculates. Seminal plasma and sperm fractions were separated by centrifugation and the sodium, potassium, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, acid and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in the two fractions determined. Regression analysis of the mean weekly values obtained from physical and biochemical examination of the ejaculates showed that sodium ion concentration was highest in seminal plasma. The highest levels of aminotransferases were found in sperm fractions. Those enzymes may be indices of abnormal or damaged spermatozoa. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity was 100 times greater in seminal plasma than in sperm fractions. Phosphatase concentrations are likely to be dependent on prostate activity. Measurement of acid phosphatase in canine semen therefore may be a useful index of prostate function. The motility of the semen samples was independent of the potassium concentration in seminal plasma. However, there was some evidence of a correlation between sperm motility and the enzyme and sodium content of seminal plasma.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical observations on beagle dog semen. 47 66

Experiences with a prescreening test for tumor cells in cytological material (pleural effusions, ascites) are reported. With the aid of alkaline phosphatase positive reacting tumor cells in smears (pleural fluid, ascites) are easily detectable. This test gives a positive result in 65% of patients with different organ tumors whereas with routine cytology tumor cells were found in 72% of this patients. Among different organ tumors highest percentage of positive phosphatase tests are found by bronchial, gastric and ovarial carcinomas (3/4 of cases), to a less degree bycarcinoma of the breast and others (1/2 of cases). All together phosphatase test is positive in 90% of all effusions, containing cytologically diagnosed tumor cells. The adventages, disadventages and the usefullness of this method as a prescreening test are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Experiences with an enzyme cytochemical test for tumor cells in pleural fluid and ascites (author's transl)]. 49 68

The nonspecific alkaline phosphatase of yeast (Saccharomyces strain 1710) has been purified by ion exchange, hydrophobic, and affinity chromatography. This vacuolar enzyme has a molecular weight of 130,000 and is composed of subunits (probably of 66,000 molecular weight). It also has a small quantity of covalently associated carbohydrate; hydrolysis yielded mannose and glucosamine. The endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Streptomyces plicatus released carbohydrate indicating that the latter was attached to protein through an N-acetylglucosaminylasparginyl bond. Synthesis of active alkaline phosphatase by yeast protoplasts is not depressed by tunicamycin, an inhibitor of dolichol-mediated protein glycosylation. Unlike the enzyme normally produced, the alkaline phosphatase which is formed in the presence of the antibiotic does not interact with concanavalin A and, therefore is deficient in or lacking carbohydrate. We infer that there is no regulatory link in yeast between the glycosylation of a protein and its synthesis. The fact that other Asn-GlcNAc-type glycoprotein enzymes of yeast such as acid phosphatase are not produced in their active forms by tunicamycin-treated protoplasts may mean that, as unglycosylated proteins, they cannot be correctly folded or processed. Protoplasts derepressed for phosphatase production contained substantial amounts of a second alkaline phosphatase which differed from the purified enzyme in substrate specificity, sensitivity to calcium, and reactivity with concanavalin A.
 ...
PMID:Glycoprotein nature of yeast alkaline phosphatase. Formation of active enzyme in the presence of tunicamycin. 50 Jun 84

In the bone marrow, an elaborate stroma forms the structural basis of the hemopoietic microenvironment. In this study, two different types of stromal cells were identified with certainty on tissue sections of intact bone marrow of rats and mice using light and electron microscopic histochemistry: (a) a fibroblast-type of reticulum cell which is characterized by having alkaline phosphatase associated with its plasma membrane. We refer to this cell as the alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cell (Al-RC). It is closely associated with granulocytic precursors, particularly myeloblasts and neutrophilic promyelocytes. These reticulum cells may be found throughout the marrow but are concentrated near the endosteum. (b) a macrophage-type of reticulum cell which is characterized by its abundance of lysosomal acid phosphatase and is mainly associated with erythroid precursors (as observed by others). In contrast to the above-mentioned cell type, this latter cell was found to be distributed uniformly throughout the marrow. We speculate that the Al-RC are mesenchymal stromal cells necessary for granulocytic differentiation in bone marrow.
 ...
PMID:Association of alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cells in bone marrow with granulocytic precursors. 51 86

Enzyme histochemical techniques were applied to frozen sheep uteri from different stages of the oestrous cycle. The localization and activities of succinate, lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, and isocitrate (NADP+) dehydrogenases and acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied in the luminal and glandular epithelia, caruncle and myometrium. Enzyme activity in the sections was scored on a scale of 0--5. In general the enzyme activity in the uterine caruncles and epithelia was higher than in the myometrium. The myometrium did not show any alkaline phosphatase activity and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity was negligible. The low activities of acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and the moderate levels of glucose-6-phosphate and succinate dehydrogenases in the myometrium were constant. The caruncular tissue showed high levels of phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, moderate levels of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, and low levels of isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) throughout the oestrous cycle. Much lower phosphatase and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) levels were found in the epithelium of deep glands compared with superficial glands. The high activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the luminal epithelium and the superficial glands was constant from mid-cycle to ovulation, but a significant decrease was observed immediately after ovulation. The level of dehydrogenases in epithelia was generally high and did not change during the oestrous cycle.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of the sheep uterus during the oestrous cycle. 54 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>