Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood serum of pygmy goats (both sexes, and castrated males) was analyzed to establish biochemical reference values. Influence of age on reference values was also studied. Serum biochemical analyses were made for urea nitrogen, creatinin, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, uric acid, and total lipids. These serum values for pygmy goats were similar to those reported for man, except as follows: Aspartate aminotransferase activities were slightly higher than those reported for man. Glucose concentrations in pygmy goats were slightly lower than in human beings, and uric acid levels were significantly lower than the values for man. Female and castrated male goats had lower total lipid concentrations than did human beings, whereas intact males had higher concentrations. Thus, of the 9 measured variables for pygmy goats, 5 were comparable to human values. This, together with other attributes, including the small size which conduces to economics of maintenance and enhances the desirability of using pygmy goats in research.
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PMID:Serum biochemistry values in normal pygmy goats. 59 8

The activities of eight enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbital dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase) were determined in tissue homogenates of liver, kidney, spleen, lung, small intestine, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle, from 15 Large White pigs of three different ages (1.5 weeks, 18--22 weeks and 113 weeks). The results showed that variation in tissue enzyme concentration due to differences in sex is minimal. Variation due to differences in age, however, appears to be of greater importance, particularly when considering young animals. These age differences may affect the interpretation of plasma enzyme changes due to tissue damage, and the use of additional enzyme assays as an aid to interpretation in these cases is advisable.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in tissues of clinically normal Large White pigs. Variations with age and sex. 60 99

Investigations were performed to evaluate the activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate-dehydrogenase enzymes in rats intoxicated by different doses of carbon disulfide. Serum GOT and GPT activities were elevated which may be due to CS2 effect on cell membrane permeability. Serum-alkaline-phosphatase activity showed also increment, which was again attributed to the liver affection. A significant rise in serum-lactate-dehydrogenase activity which was referred to be as a result of muscle-lactate dehydrogenase release into the blood circulation.
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PMID:Serum enzyme changes associated with carbon disulfide hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. 60 28

Human ovarian follicles showed activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase (AcP) leucine aminopeptidase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the theca interna. The granulosa of nonovulatory tertiary follicles showed moderate activity, whereas that of preovulatory Graafian follicles showed strong activity of LDH and AcP. The activity of these enzymes in the follicular fluid was measured. In nonovulatory tertiary follicles, activity of 3beta-ol-steroid dehydrogenase (3beta-OHSD) was found only in the theca interna; their fluid contained 290 ng/ml of progesterone and 502 ng/ml of 17beta-estradiol (average). Preovulatory Graafian follicles showed activity of 3beta-OHSD in the theca as well as in the granulosa. The progesterone concentration of the fluid was 7037 ng/ml and the 17beta-estradiol concentration was 2800 ng/ml (average). More oocytes could be aspirated from ovaries of younger women than from those of older women. In both age groups one out of three oocytes was degenerated. Oocytes with preovulatory changes were found only in follicles with preovulatory changes in their walls. Degenerated oocytes were found in some nonovulatory follicles as well as in some follicles with preovulatory changes in their walls.
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PMID:Further investigations on the maturation and degeneration of human ovarian follicles and their oocytes. 64 53

Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzimidate hydrochloride (I) is presented as a newly developed amidination reagent. It is synthesized in two steps from commercially available 4-hydroxybenzonitrile. Its incorporation into proteins can be easily determined spectroscopically. The activities of the three enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (pig heart), alkaline phosphatase (calf intestine) and tryptophan synthase (E. coli) were not greatly reduced after modification with the reagent. The nitro groups can be reduced by mild treatment with Na2S2O4 without alteration of the enzymatic activity. The newly formed aromatic amino groups can further be made to react at lower pH than the native amino groups.
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PMID:Synthesis and application of a new bifunctional amidination reagent. 64 May 87

The effects of several drugs were tested on analytical methods used in the clinical laboratory to measure the concentration of certain chemical constituents and activity of enzymes in body fluids. Drugs were studied initially at reported toxic concentrations, but if they had an effect at this level effects of lower concentrations were also investigated. The drugs were first studied on the methods of the Technicon SMACTM analyzer. Subsequently, methods in use with the Du Pont ACA and Technicon AutoAnalyzerTM I or II were evaluated. The most commonly affected method was the phosphotungstate reduction procedure for measuring uric acid. However, methods for measuring total protein and albumin were also affected frequently, as were determinations of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity.
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PMID:Analytical interferences of drugs in clinical chemistry. 64 64

The effect of local irradiation of a 50-cm long intestinal segment outside the abdominal cavity in rabbits has been studied. The rabbits were killed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after irradiation. Activities of succinate and lactate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase were studied histochemically in the irradiated intestinal segment and in the part of the intestine remaining in the abdominal cavity. The same material was studied electron-microscopically. Changes in enterocytes of the intestinal crypts were observed mainly in the mitochondria and in the form of a chaotic distribution of endoplasmic membranes and densely scattered ribosomes. In intestinal crypt cells, irradiation was followed by a depression in the activities of succinate and lactate dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase. These changes were related to postradiation damage, not to recovery.
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PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural changes in locally gamma-irradiated rabbit intestine. 65 66

The results of sending specimens through a computerized pneumatic airtransport system and manually delivering specimens were compared for 15 chemical tests and six hematologic procedures. All specimens were collected from inpatients and outpatients into evacuated glass containers. The specimens traversed a maximum of 829 feet (253 meters) involving 16 bends and eight transfer units at 25 feet/second (7.6 meters/second). Only the activity of lactate dehydrogenase exceeded the precision of the test in pneumatically transported specimens. Ruptured erythrocytes in incompletely filled vacuum tubes were the likely source of the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Neither the serum sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, total protein, albumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, uric acid, leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, nor the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were affected by pneumatic transport. It is concluded that the pneumatic system tested provides a safe, efficient method of transporting the blood specimens tested.
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PMID:Evaluation of a computer-directed pneumatic-tube system for pneumatic transport of blood specimens. 70 6

A set of linearly related serum survey specimens was analyzed by more than 200 laboratories on four occasions in 1977 for the five enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, creatine phosphokinase, and alkaline phosphatase. The survey technic, which employs specimens that are designed to have multiple informational redundancies for detecting discrepancies in the survey data, was found to be a feasible approach, as a variety of methodologic biases and analytic problems were readily detected. The specimens were shown to be stable,and the mean results obtained by a reference group of laboratories were quite reproducible. Consequently, changes observed in individual laboratories in successive surveys were attributable to intra-laboratory changes. The survey provides each participant with an objective evaluation of the linearity, precision, and calibration of his methods, in comparison with peer and reference laboratories, as well as information concerning the popularities of various methods, and the performances of various analytic systems. For each enzyme there are a few large peer groups and a large number of small peer groups. Differences among the laboratories within each peer group were due primarily to proportional biases that in some cases were clearly due to instrumental or reagent differences, rather than to methodologic differences.
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PMID:The 1977 College of American Pathologists Enzymology Survey. Principal findings. 70 14

Esterase profiles of plasma from female BALB/c mice treated with a variety of carcinogenic and weakly- or non-carcinogenic chemicals were analyzed. Mice treated with the potent carcinogens diethylnitrosamine, dinitrosopiperazine, dipropylnitrosamine, dimethylhydrazine, urethane, and dimethyldinitrosopiperazine had similarly altered plasma esterase profiles after 7 days' exposure to the chemicals. The alterations consisted of increased activity in 4 esterase bands. The increased activity persisted in some of the bands after cessation of carcinogen exposure. Exposure to high concentrations of the weakly- or non-carcinogenic compounds nitrosohydroxyproline, nitrosomethoxymethylamine, 1-nitroso-4methylpiperazine,nitroso-2,6dimethylpiperidine, and ethyl methanesulfonate caused no obvious plasma esterase alterations. Ingestion of carbon tetrachloride resulted in increased activity in one esterase band with concomitant decrease in a second band. Analysis of serum from test mice for levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase-lactate substrate, and D-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase did not differentiate between mice treated with selected carcinogens and those treated with non-carcinogens and/or carbon tetrachloride.
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PMID:Effects of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals on plasma esterases in BALB/c mice. 70 85


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