Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and leucine arylamidase was studied in 68 patients with biopsy-proved glomerular, 54 with interstitial renal disease and in 97 patients suffering from primary hypertension. The enzyme output of these 219 patients was compared to that of a reference population of 100 thoroughly selected healthy subjects. The highest incidence of elevated enzyme excretion was observed for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase with 88% in glomerulopathies and 78% in interstitial disease, followed by beta-galactosidase. 94% of the patients with glomerular kidney disease, 90% of those with interstitial disease and about 60% of the subjects with primary benign hypertension revealed an output of at least one enzyme above upper reference limit. The highest average enzymuria occured in glomerulopathies, particularly high values in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Application of discriminant analysis to the urinary enzyme pattern of glomerular and interstitial renal diseases resulted in an overall correct classification into the appropriate group of 89% of all patients. The discrimination between glomerular and interstitial disease was better in patients with normal renal function than in those with reduced function. Results show, that the analysis of urinary enzyme patterns may be a helpful adjunct for differential diagnosis of kidney diseases.
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PMID:Evaluation of urinary enzyme patterns in patients with kidney diseases and primary benign hypertension. 3 57

To see whether urine enzyme activities could be used as an index in evaluating the disease status of leukemia patients, we examined the activities of four enzymes: arylsulfatases A(AS-A) and B(AS-B), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). AP and LDH showed no consistent patterns. The activities of AS-A and AS-B correlated well with the patient's clinical status, increasing during progression of disease and decreasing toward normal activities during responses to therapy, as judged from bone marrow cellularity and differential. Among 23 untreated patients with a histologic diagnosis of acute leukemia we found increased activities of the urine enzymes in these proportions: AS-A in 23 patients (100%), AS-B in 22 (95.7%), AP in 7 (30.4%), and LDH in 10 (43.5%). Five patients in remission from acute leukemia had normal activities for all four enzymes. In one patient in remission for more than one year, a rise in urinary arylsulfatase activity preceded observable bone marrow relapse by 4 months. Unlike that of serum of urine lysozyme and serum copper, the determination of urine arylsulfatase activities appears to be a consistent, useful indicator of response to antileukemic therapy. In contrast to the determination of polyamines, the quantitation of arylsulfatase activity is achieved with greater ease and with instrumentation available in most clinical laboratories.
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PMID:A noninvasive technique for monitoring response to chemotherapy in human acute leukemia. 3

Intensive care patients receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) developed alterations of liver function tests, seen in the activity of certain serum enzymes. Hepatomegaly and jaundice sometimes appeared. The changes in chemical pathology were in serum transaminases activity (GOT, GPT, GDH); alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase as indices of cholestasis; lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, as enzymes related to energy metabolism; pseudocholinesterase, as a protein metabolism-related enzyme. The possible causes of these alterations in critically ill patients undergoing TPN are considered and a functional final metabolic interpretation is proposed.
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PMID:Metabolic changes during prolonged total parenteral nutrition in intensive care. 3 24

We have determined the distribution in cord blood from healthy newborns of six enzymes: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The concentration of enzymes were determined according to the methods recommended by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes. The distribution of isoenzymes and of enzymes in blood from women at delivery was investigated also. All distributions were positively skewed. The upper reference limits of cord blood exceeded those found in mother blood by a factor of eight for gamma-glutamyltransferase, and for lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase by a factor of two.
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PMID:Reference values for six enzymes in plasma from newborns and women at delivery. 4 84

Thick mucosa removed from the promontory in cases with chronic otitis media showed prominent PAS-positive glands and epithelial secretory cells. Alcian blue positivity was less pronounced, contrary to the mucosa from glue ears. Enzyme activity in the epithelium and propria was comparable to that in glue ears, with some increase in alkaline phosphatase and some decrease in proprial lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity. Removal of thick, permanently altered mucoas is recommended even in the absence of squamous epithelium. Steps should be taken to allow regrowth of thin, normal middle ear epithelium on the promontory.
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PMID:Middle ear mucosa and chronic ear disease. III. Enzyme studies of thick noncholesteatomous epithelium. 4 73

Synovial fluid and blood were collected from 18 clinically healthy brood mares in resting conidition. The following parameters were analysed: total leucocytes, glucose, alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, albumin, total globulin, albumin/globulin ratio and electrophoretic protein picture. The serum/synovia ratios were calculated for all parameters. It was considered to be of greater diagnostic value to compare these serum/synovia ratios rather than to look at the individual concentrations in synovia. The results obtained did not materially differ from those in the existing literature. In addition, this study confirmed that small protein molecules could more easily penetrate the synovial membrane than high-molecular proteins.
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PMID:Studies on the synovia in healthy horses with particular reference to the protein composition. 6 47

1. Treatment of cellulose acetate gel strips by boron trifluoride in methanol has been shown previously to produce a material suitable for isoelectric focusing. Further observations are reported here on the changes in the strips induced by the reagent. It has shown by conventional protein electrophoresis, for example, that not only is the degree of electroendosmosis reduced, but also that other properties are altered. 2. Minor modifications are introduced for the general isoelectric focussing method including improved electrode solutions. 3. Isoenzyme detection following isoelectric focussing of serum proteins is discussed in the light of experience gained using alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase as examples.
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PMID:Further observations on isoelectric focussing of serum proteins using modified cellulose acetate gel membranes, and direct isoenzyme staining. 7 58

Grivet monkeys infected with virulent Francisella tularensis Strain Schu S4 showed significant early changes in serum levels of trace metals, triglycerides and activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. Free amino acid levels decreased slightly and there was a marked increase in the phenylalanine: tyrosine ratio. Serum lysozyme activity and seromucoid levels also increased. Kanamycin therapy produced remission of overt signs but the changes in blood constituents were less readily affected. Immunization with the live vaccine strain of F. tularensis induced transient responses similar to those resulting from Schut S4 infection. Immunized monkeys subsequently challenged with the virulent Schu S4 strain showed no clinical signs or marked changes in blood constituents.
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PMID:Changes in whole blood and serum components of grivet monkeys with experimental respiratory Francisella tularensis infection. 10 70

Whole blood samples from 40 male and 40 female individuals were analyzed for zinc, copper, selenium and iron, and in part also for cadmium and lead. Correlations were established between the element contents and the activities of blood enzymes (carbo-anhydrase, leucine aminopeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase). The zinc-copper ratio exerted no effect on the zinc-dependent enzymes. There was a correlation between the glutathione peroxidase activity and the selenium content in whole blood (r greater than 0.73). A cluster analysis was performed. In women, the authors stated a significant effect of oral contraceptives especially on the zinc and copper balance. It was evidenced that detectable (more marked) changes in the mineral equilibrium are not produced in all cases by the contraceptives. Nevertheless, changes in the mineral equilibrium are likely to occur in 25% of all women. In the present study further changes (for example in enzymes) were observed in 50% of all women. The results obtained from the male individuals were indicative of certain relationships between the zinc-copper ratio and the content of total lipids or lipid fractions in human blood.
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PMID:[Effect of the trace element supply on element dependent enzymes in man]. 11 Nov 26

Normal values for a number of blood components of grivet monkeys are reported. Haematological data and values for glucose, cholesterol and urea are similar to those of rhesus monkeys. Activities of alkaline phosphatase (1526 U/l), glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (30.9 U/l), glutamine pyruvate transaminase (13.7 U/l), lactate dehydrogenase (629 U/l), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (175 U/l), creatine phosphokinase (227 U/l), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (38.7 U/l) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (14.2 U/l), and levels of lysozyme (178 mg/dl), zinc (162 microgram/dl), copper (81.3 microgram/dl) and iron (296.5 microgram/dl) have not previously been reported for this animal. Values for serum amino acids, proteins, electrolytes, triglycerides and creatinine are compared with those of other primates.
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PMID:Normal values for some whole blood and serum components of grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 11 24


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