Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and leucinearylamidase was studies in a carefully selected group of 100 healthy subjects, 50 women and 50 men. Enzyme activities were assayed in 3-h morning samples after gel filtration of the urine. Activities were related to time volume, and to urinary creatinine concentration. Several transforming functions had to be applied to enzyme output data to obtain an approximation to gaussian frequency distribution. Men showed a significantly higher excretion of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alpha-glucosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase,beta-glucuronidase, and leucine arylamidase activity than did women if enzyme activity was related to urinary time volume. Women excreted more lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, trehalase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity than did men, if urinary creatinine was used as the basis of reference. Reference intervals were calculated as 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles for both sexes.
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PMID:Normal limits of urinary excretion of eleven enzymes. 1 92

We report the intermediate-term effects of three consecutive evenings of moderate ethanol ingestion (0.75 g/kg body weight each evening) on activity values for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in sera of nine apparently healthy young adults. We define "intermediate-term" effects as those occurring between 10 h and 100 h after completion of the ethanol consumption schedule. The most pronounced changes in enzyme activity for the group of volunteers were: gamma-glutamyltransferase, +25% at 60 h after ethanol ingestion; alanine aminotransferase, +12% at 60 h after ethanol; and aspartate aminotransferase,--12% at 60 h after ethanol. All three enzymes exhibited similar time courses, i.e., mean peak activity changes were observed at 60 h, and all three mean enzyme activity values returned to near baseline by 100 h. The possible explanations for the observed changes and the clinical significance are discussed.
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PMID:The effects of ethanol (0.75 g/kg body weight) on the activities of selected enzymes in sera of healthy young adults: 1. Intermediate-term effects. 1 40

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GT) and isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been studied in 282 cases with increased S-ALP and in 18 chronic alcoholics with normal routine liver tests. There was a high degree of correlation between S-GT and the bile (alpha 1) and liver (alpha 2) fractions of S-ALP. Fractionation of alkaline phosphatases sometimes yielded clinical information, which could not be obtained by determinations of S-ALP and S-GT only. The presence of alpha 1-ALP and increased S-GT appeared to be more sensitive indicators of ethanol-induced liver involvement than other liver tests, including LDH-5/LDH-4 ratios.
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PMID:Studies on alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Relation to gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. 1 7

The ability of D-valine medium to inhibit fibroblasts in cultures derived from kidneys of various mammals has enabled the selective proliferation of epithlial cells in the absence of fibroblast overgrowth. Studies of these selected epithelial cells have demonstrated the presence of D-amino acid oxidase, carbonic anhydrase, high levels of alkaline phosphatase and the renal specific pattern of lactate dehydrogenase. The presence of these renal enzymes suggests that the selected epithelial cells are of renal tubular origin and indicates that these differentiated functions are retained in cultured cells.
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PMID:Renal enzymes in kidney cells selected by D-valine medium. 1 81

A method is described for the localization and characterization of phospholipases A1 and A2 (EC3.1.1.4) in Krebs II ascites cells, particularly in the plasma membranes. Cells were lysed with a Dounce homogenizer in an isotonic sucrose medium. Plasma membranes sediment with mitochondria and lysosomes during subcellular fractionation and are finally isolated on a continuous sucrose gradient. The membranes are localized at two levels in the gradient, at densities of 1.06 and 1.15, in which 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) activity exhibits a 9- and 21-fold purification, respectively. Total contamination by endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and mitochondria is 17 percent for the low-density membrane fraction and 25 percent for the high-density fraction. The phospholipases A present in Krebs II cells are active at pH 4.0 and pH 7.5. At the 2 pH values, they have A1 and A2 specificities. The intracellular distribution of acidic forms is comparable to that of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), while neutral forms are localized like lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). A small proportion of neutral phospholipase A2 has the same repartition on the sucrose gradient as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (EF 1.6.4.3), an endoplasmic reticulum marker, and as 5'-nucleotidase, a plasma membrane marker.
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PMID:Phospholipases A1 and A2 in subcellular fractions and plasma membranes of Krebs II ascites cells. 2 44

The extent and dynamics of changes by short (1 min) or prolonged (6 min) tourniquet application while obtaining venous blood samples were analysed with respect ot 33 frequently measured constituents of blood and serum. After 6-minute tourniquet application the values for red cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein, albumen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinekinase, bilirubin, cholesterol, total glycerol and calcium increased by an average of 4-9%. One-minute tourniquet application did not have a significant effect. Levels of sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, creatinine, uric acid, ratio of electrophoretic fractions and the MCV, MCH and MCHC indices were not affected even by 6-minute tourniquet applications. The introduction of blood sampling under standardised conditions is proposed.
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PMID:[Standardisation of obtaining blood samples: influence of tourniquet application on 33 constituents of blood and serum (author's transl)]. 2 36

1. Enterocytes, isolated from the proximal jejinum and distal ileum of the rat, were homogenized and their organelles separated by isopycnic centrifugation on continuous sucrose density gradients. The distributions of marker enzymes for the principal organelles, RNA and protein were determined in the sucrose gradients and related to the activities per entercocyte. 2. In the jejunum the modal equilibrium densities of the various organelles were: brush borders (1.20), lysosomes (1.20), peroxisomes (1.19), mitochondria (1.17) and basal-lateral membranes (1.13). The values were not significantly different in the ileum. The activities of brush-border enzymes, soluble and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, soluble and membrane-associated lactate dehydrogenase and particulate protein content, however, were greater in the jejunal than the ileal enterocytes. 3. Detergent exposed latent alkaline phosphatase activity in jejunal enterocytes and indicated that this enzyme is present not only in the brush border but also in the basal-lateral membrane and soluble fractions of the cell. 4. Isolated jejunal brush-border preprations showed latent activities of both alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase whereas the activities of alpha-glucosidase and leucyl-beta-naphylamidase were not affected by detergent. Mechanical disruption of these preparations suggested the presence of two forms of alkaline phosphatase in the brush border and provides a technique to assess membrane fragility.
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PMID:Analytical subcellular fractionation studies on enterocytes from the jejunum and ileum of the rat and some properties of brush-border alkaline phosphatase. 2 95

Portions of closed jejunal biopsies from the dog were homogenised and their organelles separated by isopycnic centrifugation on continuous sucrose density gradients. The distributions of marker enzymes for the principal organelles were determined using highly sensitive assay procedures. The following organelles, with assayed marker enzymes and modal densities between brackets were characterised: peroxisomes (catalase, 1.21); brush borders (zinc-resistant alpha-glucosidase, leucyl-beta-naphthyl-amidase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, 1.20); lysosomes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, 1.19); mitochondria (malate dehydrogenase, 1.18); endoplasmic reticulum (Tris-resistant alpha-glucosidase, 1.16); basal-lateral membranes (5'-nucleotidase, 1.11) and cytosol (lactate dehydrogenase). Homogenisation in isotonic sucrose containing digitonin (0.12 mmol/litre) selectively disrupted lysosomes and increased the equilibrium density of brush border and basal-lateral membranes. This procedure will be used to study the subcellular pathology of naturally occurring intestinal disease in the dog.
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PMID:Subcellular fractionation studies on peroral jejunal biopsies from the dog. 3 Jan 25

Activities of 9 enzymes were determined biochemically in the endometrium. In Trial I (five women) 25 mg progesterone were injected i.m. on day 9 of the cycle; and endometrial biopsy taken 24 hours later was compared with endometrium from day 10 and day 21, taken in two untreated cycles from the same volunteers. Similarly, in Trial II (five women) 50 mg progesterone were injected on day 9, biopsy taken on day 11 and compared with days 11 and 21 from untreated cycles. The specific activites of lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were significantly higher in the secretory phase. Twenty-five milligrams progesterone (after 24 hours) caused increases of some enzymes, significant only for AP. Fifty milligrams (after 48 hours) increased significantly the activity of ICDH and ACP. Biochemical changes, especially increase of ICDH, can be used for detection of the effect of progesterone on the endometrium.
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PMID:Effect of endogenous and exogenous progesterone on human endometrial enzymes. 3 Jul 6

A study of the value of serum enzymes in 184 patients with colorectal cancer has been performed. The enzymes studied were gamma glutamyltransferase (gammaGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT), glutathione reductase (GR), alanine and aspartate transaminases. In patients without liver metastases, elevated enzyme levels were found in 11-55% preoperatively. 5'-NT showed the least number of elevated activities, while gammaGT activities were increased in 29% and LDH in 55%. The percentage of elevated enzyme levels rose significantly in the early postoperative period. Patients with liver metastases showed increased enzyme activities in 40-60% preoperatively: gammaGT was the most sensitive indicator. Increased enzyme activity was related to the degree of liver involvement with secondary tumor. With extensive liver metastases, gammaGT levels were increased in 82%. It is concluded that serum enzymes are of limited value in the preoperative detection of liver metastases, and particularly when tumor involvement of the liver is small.
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PMID:Serum enzymes in colorectal cancer. 3 19


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