Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An affinity electrophoresis procedure is described for the separation and quantification of the bone- and liver-derived fractions of alkaline phosphatase in plasma. Separation is carried out on cellulose acetate membrane pre-soaked with buffer containing wheat germ lectin. The electrophoretic mobility of the bone enzyme is preferentially retarded by the lectin and this fraction is well separated from the liver fraction. After separation, enzyme activity is demonstrated by staining using an indigogenic alkaline phosphatase substrate incorporated in agar gel, and the stained fractions quantified by densitometry. The procedure has low imprecision, good linearity, and the activities of the bone and liver fractions correlate well with values obtained using nonelectrophoretic quantification methods. The procedure is especially suitable for use in the diagnostic laboratory.
 ...
PMID:Lectin affinity electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase for the differentiation of bone and hepatobiliary disease. 280 11

The etiology of aneurysmal bone cyst is still unknown. Most theories of the histogenesis of this lesion assume a vascular origin and speculation has focused on the characteristic pseudoendothelial lining of the cyst walls. In the present study, this structure has been subjected to enzyme histochemical, electron microscopical, and immunohistochemical investigation. Of the enzymes tested only alkaline phosphatase was present in the cyst lining. Electron microscopy revealed fibroblast-like cells covering the walls of cystic cavities, but no genuine endothelium, basement membranes or pericytes were identified. For the immunohistochemical studies a panel of poly- and monoclonal antibodies against HLA-DR antigens, mature and immature macrophages/histiocytes, smooth muscle fibers and endothelial cells, as well as the lectin Ulex europaeus I agglutinin were used. None of these markers demonstrated the presupposed vascular characteristics in the cells constituting the pseudoendothelial lining of the cyst walls. Despite current theories to the contrary, it was concluded that aneurysmal bone cyst is unlikely to originate from the vascular system, and that a new concept of its pathogenesis must be sought.
 ...
PMID:Biologic characterization of human bone tumors. VI. The aneurysmal bone cyst: an enzyme histochemical, electron microscopical, and immunohistological study. 288 73

We used wheat-germ-lectin affinity chromatography as a tool to investigate the structure of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) and to obtain fractions enriched in either bone or liver ALP activity. Liver and bone isoenzymes in serum samples were incompletely resolved except that the activity in the nonretained fraction (fraction 1) always represented pure liver isoenzyme and constituted a larger percentage of total activity in pooled sera with increased liver ALP activity than in pooled sera with increased bone activity. In contrast, a more avidly retained ALP activity, presumably with high glycosylation, was found in human serum with high activity of bone ALP. Using a solid-phase immunoassay, we examined the fractions obtained from the wheat-germ-lectin-Sepharose 4B column to determine whether the isoenzyme preference of the monoclonal antibody was markedly influenced by the degree of glycosylation. Whether samples contained high proportions of liver or of bone isoenzyme activity, the nonretained fraction contained a higher percentage of liver ALP, whereas the more strongly bound fraction contained a higher percentage of bone ALP. Except for eluted fractions that either contained no detectable N-acetylglucosamine or the highest percentage of it, the avidity of the liver-isoenzyme-specific monoclonal antibody for ALP seemed to be independent of the degree of glycosylation, suggesting that the epitope for monoclonal antibody may be expressed in some structure other than the carbohydrate moieties.
 ...
PMID:Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of liver and bone origin are incompletely resolved by wheat-germ-lectin affinity chromatography. 291 May 77

Previous studies utilizing enzyme histochemistry, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry have failed to establish the cell of origin in Kaposi's sarcoma. The authors have rigorously tested the prevailing hypothesis that the lesion defined as Kaposi's sarcoma is derived from vascular endothelial cells. They use seven markers to characterize endothelial cells: three antigens (Factor VIII-related antigen, HLA-DR/Ia, macrophage/endothelial antigens), three enzymes (5'-nucleotidase, ATPase, alkaline phosphatase), and lectin binding (Ulex europaeus I). They applied the markers first to normal skin and lymph node, and then to biopsy specimens from 40 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. Normal blood vessel endothelium was positive for all seven markers, but normal lymphatic endothelium was negative for all of the markers except 5'-nucleotidase and Ulex europaeus lectin. The neoplastic cells in 40 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma closely resembled those of normal lymphatic endothelium but not those of blood vessel endothelium. This suggests that Kaposi's sarcoma may originate in lymphatic endothelium.
 ...
PMID:Evidence for the origin of Kaposi's sarcoma from lymphatic endothelium. 298 60

Differences among rat alkaline phosphatases from various organs were established by using the serial lectin affinity technique. Elution profiles of isozymes with various lectin columns were significantly different from each other, and it was possible to distinguish between isozymes by this technique. It has been shown by many workers that a high-mannose-type and/or hybrid-type sugar chain is contained in the fraction bound strongly to concanavalin A-Sepharose. The duodenal alkaline phosphatase had a low content of this fraction, although the content of this fraction obtained from duodenal explants was increased markedly when explants were cultured with swainsonine, which is an inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase II, and this leads to the accumulation of high-mannose-type and hybrid-type sugar chains in the pathway of sugar chain processing. From the present results, it is suggested that differences in the elution profiles of isozymes may be due to the structural differences of sugar chains in alkaline phosphatases.
 ...
PMID:Different lectin affinities in rat alkaline phosphatase isozymes: multiple forms of the isozyme isolated by heterogeneities of sugar moieties. 308 67

Previous studies on mice have revealed that the Griffonia simplicifolia I (GSI) lectin selectively binds to capillaries in a number of microvascular beds. These observations suggest that the lectin might be a suitable microvascular marker for physiological studies of skeletal muscle, particularly when fluorescent visualization of vessels is desired independently of their perfusion status. Since species and strain heterogeneity has been demonstrated for certain lectins associated with the microcirculatory vessels, lectin binding was studied in a number of muscles taken from the major species of mammals used for experimental purposes. Staining of cryostat sections confirmed the utility of GSI as a marker for capillaries from muscle of mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys. Differential staining of arterioles and veins was revealed by double labeling with GSI and antisera to Factor VIII-related antigen. Double labeling for GSI binding and alkaline phosphatase activity revealed that the GSI method detects many more capillaries and terminal arterioles than does the alkaline phosphatase method. GSI binding to unfixed whole mounts of thin skeletal muscles (hamster cheek pouch, mouse diaphragm, and rat cremaster) was studied to determine whether the GSI lectin would be a suitable marker for intravital studies. An extensive microvascular bed, including terminal arterioles, venules, and capillaries, was revealed which could be visualized in the complete absence of perfusion with fluorescent markers. These observations suggest that the GSI lectin may be extremely useful as a probe for the microcirculation of skeletal muscle in many types of physiological experiments.
 ...
PMID:Griffonia simplicifolia I: fluorescent tracer for microcirculatory vessels in nonperfused thin muscles and sectioned muscle. 314

This simplified HPLC method for measurement of high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase (high-Mr AP; EC 3.1.3.1) in serum and bile is rapid (time for column preparation and separation 30 min), reproducible (CV 4.2%), and highly sensitive (detects high-Mr AP in healthy controls at 1-3% of total AP activity in serum), and is suitable for processing small batches of sample. We characterized high-Mr AP in serum and bile by incubating samples with L-phenylalanine, neuraminidase, 1-butanol, or wheat-germ lectin, and by determining stability to heat. High-Mr AP activity was determined in sera of patients with various liver diseases (4-32% of total AP serum activity) and results were compared with those by electrophoresis on agarose.
 ...
PMID:High-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase: simplified and highly sensitive determination by liquid chromatography. 316 31

It is now generally admitted that phytohemagglutinin (PHA) constitutes the main factor responsible for the dietary toxicity of raw kidney beans. In the growing rat, an impairment of growth is the unique expression of a malnutrition syndrome. The aim of this work was to precise to what extent the intestinal injuries may account for this malnutrition. PHA was administered for 9 days to growing rats at levels ranging from 0.0025 to 0.25% of food dry matter. One group of controls was fed ad libitum and other groups were restrained. In such conditions, PHA reduced the food intake when offered at a level higher than 0.04% as a linear function of the logarithm of lectin rate. Intestinal injuries were also dose-dependent: blebbing of microvilli and loss of alkaline phosphatase occurred at the smallest dose of PHA, cell loss occurred at higher doses. A compensatory hyperplasia was observed as a consequence of both intestinal injury and reduced food intake. Our main results are that, whatever may be the damages caused to the duodenal mucosa, the observed growth impairment was quasi-totally imputable to the reduction of food intake.
 ...
PMID:Duodenal toxicity of dietary Phaseolus vulgaris lectins in the rat: an integrative assay. 322 Jan 80

In a study of 35 children with benign transient hyperphosphatasemia, I found a marked seasonal clustering of cases after the summer months. Furthermore, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were almost twice those of controls matched for age and time of year. Many children had evidence of weight loss and one had idiopathic hypercalcemia of infancy. Activities both of liver and bone isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in plasma were increased. The liver and (to a lesser extent) bone isoenzymes had enhanced electrophoretic mobility, and both showed increased binding to wheat-germ lectin by affinity electrophoresis. For the liver (and probably also the bone) isoenzyme, these changes were due to an increased content of sialic acid. A possible etiology for the condition is proposed involving (a) increased synthesis of alkaline phosphatase, mediated by vitamin D metabolites, and (b) decreased hepatic clearance caused by the high sialic acid content and exacerbated in some cases by the effects of some drugs on the liver.
 ...
PMID:What is the cause of benign transient hyperphosphatasemia? A study of 35 cases. 334 6

Primary cultures of epithelial cells isolated from organotypic cultures of fetal (Days 18 through 22) rat lung have been characterized by histochemical and immunocytochemical parameters. Immunocytologic analysis with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins and with those to adult type II cells (JBR-1) demonstrated that the cell cultures were composed almost entirely of epithelial type II cells. Additional evidence that the cultures had the type II phenotype was obtained by Maclura pomifera lectin binding studies and by positive immunocytochemical demonstration of surfactant apoproteins. Comparison of cell cultures established from fetal lung at the early canalicular and saccular stages of rat lung development revealed that early fetal type II cells (Day 19) contained much glycogen and few lamellar bodies. The reverse was observed in type II cells isolated from fetal lungs at 21 days of gestation. Immunohistochemically determined surfactant apoproteins showed a similar developmental pattern to lamellar bodies. The cell cultures exhibited alkaline phosphatase activity, but this did not increase with development. Administration of dexamethasone to pregnant rats at 19 days gestation resulted in a significant loss of glycogen from fetal type II cells isolated 24 h later. This decrease in glycogen content was accompanied by an increase in the number of cells containing lamellar bodies. These findings indicate that freshly isolated fetal type II cells retain the morphologic features of the type II cells in vivo and provide a good system for the study of biochemical events occurring in these cells during specific stages of lung development.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical and immunocytochemical identification of alveolar type II epithelial cells isolated from fetal rat lung. 334 34


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>