Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A transposon Tn917 insertion between gerE and ilvB has identified a new developmental locus, gerM, in Bacillus subtilis. gerM96::Tn917 affects both sporulation and germination. DNA on either side of the transposon has been cloned and includes the previously cloned sdhC and gerE loci. gerE terminates 2.1 kb from the end of the transposon. The gerM96::Tn917 mutant is oligosporogenous, yielding approximately 1% of the number of wild-type heat resistant spores in liquid medium and 10% on solid medium. Six hours after the onset of sporulation alkaline phosphatase and glucose dehydrogenase levels were 90% and 7%, respectively, of those of the wild-type. At this time 50% of the mutant cells were still dividing. The occurrence of multiple polar septa and 'pygmy' cells suggested a block at stage II of sporulation. Following addition of germinants, mutant spores prepared on nutrient agar lost heat resistance normally but released slightly less dipicolinic acid than wild-type spores. They also showed only partial loss of optical density, associated with a phase-grey appearance and striations in the cortex suggesting partial degradation. Expression of the gerM gene was monitored by production of beta-galactosidase encoded by a promotorless lacZ gene fused to the gerM96::Tn917 insertion. It occurred 1.5-4 h after commencement of sporulation. Transcription was directed from a promoter on the gerE side of gerM and was unaffected by a mutation in the gerE gene.
J Gen Microbiol 1987 Dec
PMID:Genetical and molecular studies on gerM, a new developmental locus of Bacillus subtilis. 284 48

The FhuA protein (formerly TonA) is located in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli K12. Fusions between fhuA and phoA genes were constructed. They determined proteins containing a truncated but still active alkaline phosphatase of constant size and a variable FhuA portion which ranged from 11%-90% of the mature FhuA protein. The fusion sites were nearly randomly distributed along the FhuA protein. The FhuA segments directed the secretion of the truncated alkaline phosphatase across the cytoplasmic membrane. The fusion proteins were proteolytically degraded up to the size of alkaline phosphatase and no longer reacted with anti-FhuA antibodies. The fusion proteins were more stable in lon and pep mutants lacking cytoplasmic protease and peptidases, respectively. The larger fusion proteins above a molecular weight of 64,000 dalton were predominantly found in the outer membrane fraction. They were degraded by trypsin when cells were converted to spheroplasts so that trypsin gained access to the periplasm. In contrast, FhuA protein in the outer membrane was largely resistant to trypsin. It is concluded that the larger FhuA'-'PhoA fusion proteins were associated with, but not properly integrated into, the outer membrane.
Mol Gen Genet 1988 Dec
PMID:Probing FhuA'-'PhoA fusion proteins for the study of FhuA export into the cell envelope of Escherichia coli K12. 285 32

The effects of hydrocortisone and insulin on the intestinal brush border membrane enzymatic activities in an anuran amphibian, Alytes obstetricans, were investigated at the end of spontaneous metamorphosis and 2 weeks after its completion. At the end of metamorphosis, the brush border is differentiating in the apical region of a developing neoformed epithelium. Two weeks after the completion of metamorphosis, this epithelium is entirely formed. The animals received one hormone injection per day for 2 or 3 days running (hydrocortisone: 1, 5, or 25 micrograms/g body wt/day; insulin: 0.5, 1, or 5 mU/g body wt/day). The hydrolases studied were three glucosidases (maltase, glucoamylase, trehalase), gamma-glutamyl-transferase and alkaline phosphatase. In animals reaching the end of metamorphosis, hormonal treatments rarely modify the three glucosidase activities. Two weeks after metamorphosis, a 5 microgram/g body wt/day hydrocortisone injection usually results in a significant increase of the three glucosidase activities. Conversely, a 0.5 mU/g body wt/day insulin injection induced a marked decrease in these activities. At the end of metamorphosis, hydrocortisone has variable effects on gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity; insulin, however, does not significantly modify this activity. Two weeks later, insulin and sometimes hydrocortisone inhibit gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity. Whatever the developmental stage is, hydrocortisone is able to stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity. At the end of metamorphosis, insulin has no influence on this activity, but 2 weeks after metamorphosis, low doses of the hormone (0.5 mU/g body wt/day) significantly reduce it. These results emphasize the possibility that after spontaneous metamorphosis the enzymatic activities of the new intestinal brush border are hormone controlled. This control could be related to the development of the interrenal and pancreatic islet functions.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986 Jan
PMID:Hormonal control of the intestinal brush border enzyme activities in developing anuran amphibians. I. Effects of hydrocortisone and insulin during and after spontaneous metamorphosis. 286 4

In the fungus Aspergillus nidulans the levels of a number of enzymes whose location is at least in part extracellular (e.g. acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase) and of certain permeases (e.g. that for gamma-amino-n-butyrate) are controlled by the pH of the growth medium. For example, at acidic pH, levels of acid phosphatase are high and those of alkaline phosphatase are low whereas at alkaline pH the reverse is true. Mutations in five genes, palA, B, C, E and F, mimic the effects of growth at acid pH whereas mutations in pacC mimic the effects of growth at alkaline pH. palA, B, C, E and F mutations result in an intracellular pH (pHin) which is more alkaline than that of the wild type whereas pacC mutations result in a pHin more acidic than that of the wild type. This indicates that these mutations exert their primary effects on the regulation of gene expression by pH rather than on the pH homeostatic mechanism but that the expression of at least some component(s) of the pH homeostatic mechanism is subject to the pH regulatory system. It is suggested that pacC might be a wide domain regulatory gene whose product acts positively in some cases (e.g. acid phosphatase) and negatively in others (e.g. alkaline phosphatase). The products of palA, B, C, E and F are proposed to be involved in a metabolic pathway leading to synthesis of an effector molecule able to prevent the (positive and negative) action of the pacC product.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Gen Genet 1986 May
PMID:Regulation of gene expression by pH of the growth medium in Aspergillus nidulans. 301 85

The serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is often included among the tests used for case-finding among ambulatory patients. To determine the positive predictive value of the ALP, test results for all adults screened by a health maintenance organization between March and December 1969 were obtained by computer. The authors reviewed the charts of all 661 patients with abnormal tests whose primary source of medical care was at this facility. Complete two-year follow-up data were available for 91% of these patients. There were 56 patients (9%) with a diagnosis that could have explained an abnormal ALP. Of those cases in which ALP would have been clinically useful all but one could have been diagnosed by a simple, noninvasive workup, and in that one case, no management change would have occurred. The authors conclude that in the absence of a small number of specific indications, extensive testing need not be performed to evaluate an isolated abnormal ALP obtained from a screening examination.
J Gen Intern Med
PMID:In pursuit of the abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase: a clinical dilemma. 302 39

A rapid and improved method to obtain purified lactase from rat intestine is described. The purification procedure involved only two chromatographic steps. The degree of purification was far above (500 fold) the values reached with classical methods. Rabbit antisera raised to the purified lactase were characterized using conventional immunological techniques. The specificity of the lactase antibodies was confirmed by the lack of interference on maltase, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities measured after papain extraction of the membrane proteins.
Gen Physiol Biophys 1986 Feb
PMID:Improved purification of rat intestinal lactase. 309 77

A series of plasmids encoding hybrid proteins comprising various lengths of the NH2-terminal region of colicin N coupled to almost complete beta-galactosidase or alkaline phosphatase polypeptides was constructed by transposon mutagenesis of ColN plasmid derivatives. Synthesis of the hybrid proteins, like that of colicin N itself, was regulated by the SOS response. Large quantities of the hybrid proteins accumulated in the cytoplasm (beta-galactosidase) or particulate fractions (alkaline phosphatase). When the gene fusions were expressed in cells that were producing colicin E2 and expressing the ColE2 lysis gene, only very low levels of the hybrid proteins were found in the medium. The results suggest that the amino-terminal part of colicin N does not contain sufficient biochemical information to promote the release of the hybrid proteins into the medium.
J Gen Microbiol 1986 Aug
PMID:beta-Galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase do not become extracellular when fused to the amino-terminal part of colicin N. 309 7

The calcium absorption and duodenal and uterine vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP-28K) levels were decreased in hens when eggshell calcification was suppressed by premature expulsion of the egg. Nevertheless, these levels remained higher than those of immature pullets or pullets treated with estrogen. The resumption of shell formation by hens which had previously laid soft-shell eggs was associated during calcification of the first egg with increases in intestinal Ca absorption. CaBP concentration, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The increase in uterine CaBP concentration preceded the stage of rapid calcium deposition. Uterine carbonic anhydrase activity was increased by sexual maturity but not consistently by shell formation. Ablation of the parathyroids just before the resumption of shell formation suppressed the increases in duodenal calcium absorption and CaBP concentration elicited by egg calcification. In contrast, the increase in CaBP level was maintained in the uterus of parathyroidectomized hens, in spite of the decreased shell deposition. Previous studies indicated that increased uterine CaBP associated with eggshell calcification is not elicited by vitamin D. The present study confirms this observation and also shows that these changes are not elicited by either PTH or sex steroid hormones.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986 Nov
PMID:Effects of suppression and resumption of shell formation and parathyroid hormone on uterine calcium-binding protein, carbonic anhydrase activity, and intestinal calcium absorption in hens. 310 32

The effects of glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, dexamethasone) and insulin on enzymatic activities of the intestinal brush border membrane were investigated in an anuran amphibian, Alytes obstetricians, before and during experimental metamorphosis produced by immersion into a thyroxine solution. During experimental metamorphosis, a new epithelium (secondary epithelium) replaces the degenerating primary epithelium. The enzymes studied were three glucidases (maltase, glucoamylase, trehalase) and alkaline phosphatase. In tadpoles reaching the end of premetamorphosis, hormones were injected every day (hydrocortisone, dexamethasone: 25 micrograms/g body wt/day; insulin: 5 mU/g body wt/day, for 3 and occasionally 6 consecutive days. Under such conditions, most of the activities in the primary epithelium increased or remained stable. In animals which completed experimental metamorphosis, the secondary epithelium formed. Hydrocortisone (25 micrograms/g body wt/day) and insulin (5 mU/g body wt/day) treatments significantly decreased the enzymatic activities of the new brush border membrane in animals which received one hydrocortisone and/or insulin injection per day, during 3 consecutive days. Such results, which previously had not been obtained systematically in spontaneously metamorphosing tadpoles (El Maraghi-Ater, Mesnard, and Hourdry (1986). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 61, 53-63), emphasize the relative independence of the intestinal metabolism during experimental and spontaneous metamorphosis.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1987 Mar
PMID:Hormonal control of the intestinal brush border enzyme activities in developing anuran amphibians. II. Effects of glucocorticoids and insulin during experimental metamorphosis. 310 33

The Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase structural gene (amyE) lacking its own signal peptide coding sequence was joined to the end of the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (phoA) signal peptide coding sequence by using the technique of oligonucleotide-directed site-specific deletion. On induction of the phoA promoter, the B. subtilis alpha-amylase was expressed and almost all the activity was found in the periplasmic space of E. coli. The sequence of the five amino-terminal amino acids of the secreted polypeptide was Glu-Thr-Ala-Asn-Lys-, and thus the fused protein was correctly processed by the E. coli signal peptidase at the end of the phoA signal peptide.
J Gen Microbiol 1987 Jul
PMID:Secretion of Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. 311 69


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