Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients, aged 17 to 25 years, obtained lead and opium pills which had been stolen from retail pharmacists. They crushed them, suspended them in water an injected them intravenously. They developed general malaise, vomiting and constipation, and blood tests several weeks after injection of the pills showed raised alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminases. All four patients had negative tests for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Liver biopsy specimens showed persistent hepatitis in one and resolving hepatitis in the remaining three. Liver lead levels were grossly elevated in every case. The liver lead levels found it the patients described here were up to 35 times greater than levels which have been reported in industrial lead poisoning. It is postulated that the livers of patients with chronic lead poisoning are able to withstand this insult whereas in the cases described the overwhelming dose of lead was sufficient to cause hepatic damage.
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PMID:Acute lead poisoning: an unusual cause of hepatitis. 55 20

This study was designed to compare the clinical and immunological characteristics of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and HBsAg-negative (cryptogenic) forms of chronic active hepatitis. The data of 48 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 24 with persistent HBs antigenemia and 24 without HBsAg, were analysed. HBsAg was detected by counter-immunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. The clinical features, biochemical liver function tests, immunoglobulins, complement C3, antoantibodies, and cell-mediated immunoreactivity of the two forms of the disease were compared. Cirrhosis was found to occur more frequently at the time of diagnosis in the HBsAg-negative group, and the serum alkaline phosphatase level was raised significantly compared to the HBsAg-positive form. The elevation of the IgG level was greater in the cryptogenic form, but the difference was not statistically significant compared to the HBsAg-positive patients. There was a marked difference in the frequency of the mitochondrial antibodies, but not of the antinuclear factor and other autoantibody-like serum factors. Lymphoblastic transformation revealed a similar diminution in response to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation in both groups of patients compared to the normal controls. An increase of the 3H-thymidine incorporation was seen after stimulation with human liver mitochondrial antigen, and leukocyte migration inhibition could be observed with this antigen in both forms of chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Chronic active hepatitis in patients with and without hepatitis B surface antigenemia. 91 64

Delta hepatitis (HDV) infection can only occur in the presence of hepatitis B (HBV) infection, as HDV requires a coat of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) for assembly of complete virus. A number of studies have examined the variation of HBV markers in serum and liver during establishment of HDV infection, but none has systematically examined the relationship between the two viruses in individual hepatocytes. Liver biopsies from five patients with HDV/HBV infection were stained for HBsAg, HBV core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis D (delta) antigen (HDAg). Double immunostaining was performed with a combination of indirect immunoperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase/antialkaline phosphatase techniques. HDV and HBV antigens were expressed in all five liver biopsies. Co-localization of HBsAg was seen in up to 39% of HDAg positive cells, and HBcAg in up to 8% of HDAg positive cells. HBcAg was detectable in approximately 9% of HBsAg positive cells, and HBsAg in approximately 12% of HBcAg positive cells. HDV can replicate without HBV but ultimately requires HBV to produce complete virus and subsequently infect other cells. In this study the majority of HDV positive cells did not appear to contain HBV markers. This might suggest delta virus replication without assembly, or possibly sequential production/assembly of the virus.
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PMID:Co-expression of markers for hepatitis delta and hepatitis B viruses in human liver. 157 10

We developed an accurate nonradioactive colony hybridization assay (NCHA) using a digoxigenin-labeled polynucleotide probe and an antidigoxigenin alkaline phosphatase conjugate for the identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) harboring genes for colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I), coli surface antigen 4 (CS4), or putative colonization factor O166 (PCFO166). In this 2-day assay, visual registration of color intensity could be used to distinguish between CFA/I-positive strains and strains with the genetic potential to express CS4 or PCFO166. A rapid NCHA was developed by which the results could be read visually 7 h and 45 min after inoculation of the bacteria. In the rapid NCHA, densitometry verified the visual discrimination between four groups of E. coli; ETEC with the CFA/I gene, ETEC with the CS4 gene, ETEC with the PCFO166 gene, and E. coli strains that lack such genes. As a confirmatory test, plasmids from ETEC with the CFA/I, CS4, or PCFO166 gene were differentiated by their characteristic restriction fragment patterns in nonradioactive Southern blot hybridization.
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PMID:Use of nonradioactive DNA hybridization for identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli harboring genes for colonization factor antigen I, coli surface antigen 4, or putative colonization factor O166. 162 40

We reviewed the medical records of 97 patients undergoing T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation at our institution from 1984 to 1990 to determine the incidence of hepatic dysfunction, including venoocclusive disease of the liver following BMT. All patients received allogeneic marrow that had been purged with monoclonal antibody to the CD6 surface antigen (T12) and rabbit complement as the sole method of graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. No additional immunosuppressive agents were routinely administered to these patients. Overall, 55% of patients in our series developed two-fold elevations in serum bilirubin, SGOT, or alkaline phosphatase within the first 30 days following BMT. A five-fold elevation in any liver function test was noted in only 19% of patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of GVHD, female sex, and administration of amphotericin B all were independently associated with laboratory evidence of hepatic dysfunction. While LFT abnormalities were common in our series, they were generally mild, and the development of VOD was rare. Only three patients (3.1%) fulfilled clinical criteria sufficient to establish a diagnosis of VOD. Among the 86 patients whose ablative regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg x2) and total-body irradiation (1200-1400 cGy in 200 cGy fractions), only 1 patient (1.2%) developed VOD. Our experience suggests that patients undergoing allogeneic BMT are at low risk for VOD and other serious hepatic complications when they receive high-dose cyclophosphamide, fractionated TBI, and T cell-depleted marrow without hepatotoxic medications for GVHD prophylaxis.
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PMID:Hepatic dysfunction following T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 175 63

Surface antigens of adult filarial parasite S. digitata was isolated by employing techniques from manual dissection to treatment with detergents. Among the surface antigen preparations (SAPs), the activities of marker enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase were higher with that isolated by triton X-100 technique (SAP2). On SDS-PAGE, the SAP2 has three major proteins with molecular weights 17, 29 and 36 KD which were consistent with the PBS soluble cuticular proteins (SAP1). Besides these, few other minor protein bands were also observed with the other SAPs. All SAPs were antigenic and showed positive reaction against antiserum to SAP2, and the results confirmed the SAP2 as a better preparation. The release of 29 KD surface protein during in vitro culture of adult parasite and its cross-reactivity with antiserum to surface antigens revealed the possible natural shedding of surface molecules into the host system.
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PMID:Isolation and analysis of surface antigens of filarial nematode Setaria digitata. 176 14

Among 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in Taiwan, 27 were females and the median age of symptom onset was 54.5 years. Most had similar clinical manifestations to those reported in the Western countries, but ascites and oesophageal varices as commonly found at the late stages of cirrhosis of liver were noted in nine patients (30%) and 13 patients (43%) respectively. Only one patient was asymptomatic. Hyperbilirubinaemia was noted in 21 patients (70%) and hypoalbuminaemia in 8 patients (27%). All patients had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase and 28 (93%) had antimitochondrial antibodies. Ten out of 21 patients (48%) were positive in antinuclear antibodies, of which most were of speckled type. Sixteen out of 18 patients (89%) had elevated serum IgM levels. Interestingly, only one of 26 patients (3.8%) was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, in contrast to its high prevalence (15%) in the Taiwan population. Special associated diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, malignant lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, were each noted in one patient respectively. Eight patients had a history of gallstones before the diagnosis of PBC. The mean follow-up period was 23.6 +/- 19.8 months, and nine patients died during that period. In conclusion, the clinical manifestations of PBC in Taiwan are similar to those in Western countries, but most of our cases were at later stages.
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PMID:Primary biliary cirrhosis in Taiwan. 212 28

A case of polymyositis associated with chronic active hepatitis was reported. A 53-year-old man, who had no previous history of blood transfusion nor hepatitis, noticed proximal dominant muscle weakness on January 29, 1985. He was admitted to Kyoto National Hospital on February 7, and laboratory studies disclosed the elevation of serum enzyme levels; creatine kinase (CK) 9845 IU/L (normal 54-263), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) 834 IU/L (9-31), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) 491 IU/L (4-34), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 2135 IU/L (248-464). Also serum gamma globulin was high (1.8 g/dl) and LE-like cell was found. The diagnosis of polymyositis was made and prednisolone therapy (60 mg/day) was started on February 23. The elevated serum enzymes decreased gradually, but severe muscle weakness persisted for about one month. On April 3, he was admitted to our hospital. Physical examination revealed moderate proximal dominant muscle weakness without skin eruption, jaundice or hepatosplenomegaly. The serum enzymes were still high; CK 1826, GOT 173, GPT 232 (GOT less than GPT), LDH 1548. However, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin were normal. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was not detected. Antinuclear antibody was positive. The electromyogram study showed myopathic change, and the muscle biopsy demonstrated myopathic change and cell infiltration, compatible with polymyositis. These results suggested liver dysfunction associated with polymyositis. Prednisolone therapy was continued and muscle weakness decreased. From December, 1985, serum enzymes (CK, GOT, GPT, LDH) elevated again and muscle weakness also slightly increased. Anti-smooth muscle antibody was positive. It was suggested that both polymyositis and liver dysfunction deteriorated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of polymyositis associated with chronic active hepatitis]. 218 64

The diagnostically important surface antigen pre-S2 of hepatitis B virus was produced in large amounts in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. The DNA fragments (pre-S2) coding the pre-S2 antigen were tandemly duplicated or triplicated and ligated in the same reading frame to a fragment containing the promoter and the signal sequence of the alkaline phosphatase-coding gene (phoA) of E. coli. Further, a DNA fragment (bla) coding mature beta-lactamase was joined to the region coding the C terminus of the pre-S2 repeat to stabilize the gene product. Upon induction of the phoA-(pre-S2)3-bla fusion gene, the fusion protein was produced at up to 30% of the total cellular protein. Fractionation of the cellular components and trypsin accessibility of the product showed that the antigen was secreted in the periplasm and formed inclusion bodies there. The signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase was found to be correctly processed in E. coli.
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PMID:Production and secretion in Escherichia coli of hepatitis B virus pre-S2 antigen as fusion proteins with beta-lactamase. 227 30

One hundred and seventy-one male adults were screened in recruitment of volunteers for a cholera vaccine trial. A full medical history and a physical examination were performed on each subject. The percentages of subjects vaccinated against cholera and typhoid within twelve months were 4 and 1 per cent respectively, while 88 and 15 per cent respectively had been vaccinated more than a year. Biochemical screening revealed abnormal liver function tests in 40.7 per cent, specifically alkaline phosphatase (8%), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (8%), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (4.7%), total bilirubin (10%) and globulin (34%). Ten (6%) of the volunteers were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag). The total white cell count was elevated in 13.5 and 81.9 per cent had eosinophilia. Stool examination revealed infection with Hookworm (54.9%), Opisthorchis viverrini (29.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis (5.3%), Endolimax nana (3.5%), Giardia lamblia (5.3%) and Taenia saginata (2.9%). Few volunteers (13.4%) had abnormal microscopic examination of urine sediment. Only 57 subjects were considered suitable to be volunteers. Each of these subjects had no significant past medical, surgical or psychological illness. None had been vaccinated against cholera within the previous 12 months and no subject had abnormalities on physical examination or routine biochemical and haematological screening. The large number of subjects excluded from recruitment (67%) emphasized the importance of proper screening of volunteers for any vaccine trial.
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PMID:Health status of Thai volunteers in a cholera vaccine trial. 228 Feb 1


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