Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute zinc toxicosis from the ingestion of pennies was diagnosed in a dog with Heinz body hemolytic anemia (PCV = 14%), leukocytosis (51,000 cells/ml) with a left shift (3,060 band neutrophils; 37,740 segmented neutrophils) and monocytosis (4,080 cells/ml), azotemia (BUN = 60 mg/dl), bilirubinemia (total bilirubin = 5.3 mg/dl), hypokalemia (3.0 mEq/L), high serum alkaline phosphatase activity (691 U/L), high total plasma solids (8.1 g/dl), hemoglobinuria, and proteinuria. Despite aggressive medical treatment, renal failure ensued, and the dog died of cardiac arrest. The clinical signs, clinical course, and laboratory findings in this dog were similar to what has been reported in other cases of acute zinc toxicosis in dogs, with the exception of a history of generalized seizures and the findings of Heinz bodies. Although a causative relationship between plasma zinc values and Heinz body formation cannot be proven, their association suggests that oxidative damage to erythrocyte hemoglobin and cell membrane proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of zinc-induced hemolysis.
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PMID:Heinz body hemolytic anemia associated with high plasma zinc concentration in a dog. 226 50

A patient with multiple, pyogenic hepatic abscesses is described, and the pathophysiology, etiologies, clinical and laboratory manifestations, and management of the disease are reviewed. A 55-year-old man with a history of ethanol abuse and pancreatitis developed fever, chills, general malaise, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain two weeks before hospitalization. Baseline laboratory and hematology results included serum albumin concentration, 3.2 g/dL; serum alkaline phosphatase concentration, 239 mIU/mL; total serum bilirubin concentration, 1.3 mg/dL; white blood cell count, 18,400/cu mm; red blood cell count, 4.7 million/cu mm; hemoglobin, 12.5 g/dL; and hematocrit, 38.8%. Abdominal ultrasound showed echo-free cavities throughout the hepatic parenchyma; abdominal computed-tomography (CT) scan showed hepatomegaly and multiple radiolucent spaces. CT-guided needle aspiration of a hepatic mass yielded purulent material that grew Fusobacterium necrophorum under anaerobic conditions. On day 7, the patient was started on i.v. ampicillin sodium-sulbactam sodium. A CT scan two weeks later showed a reduction in the number and sizes of abscesses. The patient continued i.v. therapy for one month, then was discharged on a regimen of p.o. amoxicillin trihydrate-clavulanate potassium. Hepatic abscesses are either amebic or pyogenic; the latter usually has a higher mortality. The etiologies of pyogenic hepatic abscesses include ascending cholangitis, portal vein bacteremia, systemic bacteremia, extension from a contiguous focus of infection, and trauma. Diagnosis is difficult and relies highly on clinical suspicion. Clinical symptoms include hepatomegaly, fever, chills, and malaise. Abnormal laboratory values include leukocytosis, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia. The abscesses are frequently polymicrobial; Escherichia coli is the most commonly isolated species. CT is the best radiological technique for diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ampicillin-sulbactam therapy for multiple pyogenic hepatic abscesses. 229 77

The hematological and clinicochemical profiles of healthy swine and swine with inflammatory processes were investigated. Blood was collected at slaughter and postmortem examination was performed to select healthy swine and swine with pleuritis, pneumonia or abscesses. In healthy swine, the values of several variables revealed significant differences between gilts, barrows and boars. This was caused predominantly by the values obtained for boars. Inflammatory processes altered the values of most variables investigated, particularly for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and hematocrit, for the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and for concentrations of iron, phosphate, albumin and fibrinogen in plasma. Compared with healthy swine, differences were largest for swine with metastatic abscesses and swine with both abscesses and other pathological lesions; differences were less pronounced in swine with solitary abscesses and were minor in swine with pneumonia and swine with pleuritis. Porcine hematological and clinicochemical profiles reflect the degree of inflammation.
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PMID:Hematological and clinicochemical profiles of healthy swine and swine with inflammatory processes. 230 94

Hematologic and serum biochemical values were determined in blood samples from 217 donkeys (Equus asinus). Donkeys were classified on the basis of size, sex, age, and whether they were domestic or feral. Parametric (mean +/- 2 SD) and nonparametric (2.5th to 97.5th percentile) reference ranges were calculated for each analyte. For all donkeys, 26 of 46 analytes significantly departed from gaussian distribution. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in miniature donkeys was higher than that in other donkeys. Differential leukocyte counts in feral donkeys differed from those in other types in ways that suggested that the former had smaller parasite loads or experienced greater stress. Erythrocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts and fibrinogen, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, and potassium concentrations decreased with age. Eosinophil counts, mean corpuscular volume, and plasma protein, serum protein, and serum globulin concentrations increased with age. Female donkeys had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and leukocyte and neutrophil counts than did male donkeys. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased with age, and females had higher values than did males of all age groups. An interaction between age and sex was observed for alkaline phosphatase activity, with a trend for decreased activity with age.
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PMID:Reference ranges and the influence of age and sex on hematologic and serum biochemical values in donkeys (Equus asinus). 231 19

Forty-eight patients with polycythemia vera (PV) were retrospectively studied for incidence of acute leukemia over a 12 year period. Initial clinical features, hemogram, RBC mass, B12 levels, neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP), and therapy given were studied for association with development of acute leukemia. There were 25 males and mean age at diagnosis was 61.4 years. Initial Hg was 18.38 +/- 1.86 g/dl, WBC 16.44 +/- 12.92 (x 1,000/mm3), platelets 632.94 +/- 303.81 (x 1,000/mm3), B12 1,030.93 +/- 445.20 pg/ml, and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score 136.63 +/- 55.14. Twenty-three patients were treated with phlebotomy alone and 25 received additional myelosuppressive therapy as follows--2 received p32 alone, 4 alkylating agents alone, 8 hydroxyurea (HU) alone, and 11 received 2 or more (multiple) of these agents. None of those treated with phlebotomy alone but 6 of 25 (24%) patients given myelosuppressive therapy developed acute leukemia (P = .03) after a mean period of 46.8 months from start of myelosuppressive therapy. Four of the 11 patients (36%) receiving multiple agent therapy developed acute leukemia (P = .019). Initial hemoglobin levels, but not the other clinical parameters, were significantly higher in patients who developed acute leukemia (P = .002), and this difference persisted in various subgroups receiving myelosuppressive therapy. Thus, high initial hemoglobin and use of any myelosuppressive therapy are associated with an increased risk of leukemic transformation in polycythemia vera. This risk becomes substantial with the use of two or more myelosuppressive agents. Since myelosuppressive therapy does not prolong survival, its role in the management of polycythemia vera should be reexamined.
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PMID:Leukemic transformation in polycythemia vera: analysis of risk factors. 232 2

The major initial clinical, hematological and cytogenetical features of a series of 80 patients with blastic crisis (BC) in chronic myelocytic leukemia with positive Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) were evaluated, and also were their outcome and response to therapy. Mean age of patients was 45 years (SD: 14.3). Ten patients fulfilled the criteria for initial BC, and 14 had extramedullary blastic infiltration. In one third there was an acceleration phase before the development of BC. The mean leukocyte count was 69 (SD 75) X 10(9)/l. In 40% there was anemia with hemoglobin less than 90 g/l, and 37.5% had thrombopenia with less than 100 X 10(9) cells/l. In most patients, serum lactic dehydrogenase activity was increased, and in one fourth the index of granulocyte alkaline phosphatase was high. In 9 patients, blast cells had a lymphoid phenotype and in 47 (59%) cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to Ph chromosome were found, usually consisting of 8 trisomy, duplication of Ph chromosome, and the presence of a 17q isochromosome. The median survival of the series was 4.8 months. When analyzed as a time-dependent variable, the achievement of a favorable therapeutic response (found in 26% of patients) was associated with a longer survival.
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PMID:[Blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia with positive Philadelphia chromosome: course and clinico-hematologic profile in 80 patients]. 238 91

The time change of laboratory variables in cirrhosis was studied by analysis of data from 488 patients with cirrhosis included in a controlled clinical trial of long-term prednisone vs. placebo. In the placebo group, a marked regression towards normal was seen within 3 months of entry into the trial (increase in serum albumin, acetylcholinesterase, cholesterol, hemoglobin and decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate). The subsequent course did not show a clear pattern, except for a slight increase in serum bilirubin and decrease in albumin. When studied in relation to the time of death in patients dying from a "hepatic" cause, marked increase in bilirubin and decrease in prothrombin index, albumin and cholesterol were seen in the year prior to death with little change before that time. In the prednisone group, a more marked decrease in bilirubin, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-globulin, sulfobromophthalein retention, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and increase in leukocytes, prothrombin index and cholesterol were seen during the first 3 months. In relation to time of death from a "hepatic" cause, similar changes were seen as in the placebo group except that alkaline phosphatase increased and cholesterol did not decrease. A beneficial effect of prednisone on survival, as expressed by a previously developed therapeutic index, was associated with decrease in SGOT, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-globulin within the first 3 months. An increase in SGOT during prednisone seemed to be associated with harmful effects of therapy.
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PMID:Changes of laboratory variables with time in cirrhosis: prognostic and therapeutic significance. 241 49

The early wound healing phases, and zinc and copper metabolism were assessed in traumatized insulin dependent diabetic rats. Granulation tissue was obtained by implanting Ivalon sponges subcutaneously and analysed on the fourth and seventh postoperative days by applying quantitative biochemical methods. The DNA content on day 4 and the amounts of RNA, hydroxyproline and hemoglobin on day 7 were significantly lower in granulation tissue from diabetic rats. The alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), was raised in the diabetic granulation tissue. The concentrations of zinc and copper were found to be increased in the kidney of diabetic rats compared with operated, non-diabetic controls. Our data suggest that the early granulation tissue formation is disturbed, with a prolonged inflammatory phase, decreased collagen formation and reduced vascularization. Zinc and copper are accumulated in the kidney of rats with uncontrolled, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Granulation tissue formation and metabolism of zinc and copper in alloxan-diabetic rats. 245 32

Fludarabine (9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl 2-fluoro-adenine monophosphate) is a fluorinated analogue of adenine which is relatively resistant to deamination by adenosine deaminase. Phase I clinical trials disclosed significant antitumor activity in lymphoid malignancies. Fludarabine has been used in the treatment of CLL since March, 1985, at a dose of 25-30 mg/m2/day x 5 days each 3-4 weeks by short intravenous infusion. Sixty-eight previously treated patients with CLL are evaluable for response. The median age was 60 years, 50 were male the median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 2, and the median time from initial chemotherapy to fludarabine was 45 months. Forty-three (63%) were Rai stages 3 and 4, 31 (46%) were Binet Stage C. Twenty patients (29%) obtained a complete remission (CR), defined as peripheral lymphocytes less than 4,000/microliters, no clinical evidence of disease, less than 30% of lymphocytes in the bone marrow (with no residual nodules), or a nodular partial remission, NPR (CR except for residual lymphoid nodules), and 19 (28%) a partial remission (less than 50% reduction in tumor in nodes, liver, spleen and bone marrow and greater than 1 log reduction in the lymphocyte count). The complete remission rate for the various involved sites were blood (69%), liver (52%), spleen (55%), and nodes (48%). The bone marrow was the least responsive site with 16% CR and 44% PR. The number of prior regimens did not have a significant response rate or survival. The serum albumin , alkaline phosphatase, platelet and hemoglobin level all were associated with survival from the start of fludarabine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fludarabine therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). 246 94

Seventeen patients with advanced malignancy were treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor rhG-CSF (KRN 8601) infused intravenously over a period of 30 minutes once daily at the dose level/25 micrograms, 50 micrograms, 100 micrograms, 200 micrograms, 400 micrograms, 800 micrograms/m2 for 14 consecutive days, and the effect was compared to the period without rhG-CSF treatment. The maximum numbers of peripheral leukocyte (granulocyte) showed a dose-related increase and the nadir of leukocyte counts escalated with shortening of the period. After stopping infusion, the neutrophil count dropped to the base line level within two or three days. RhG-CSF did not affect other components of peripheral blood such as monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and hemoglobin value and platelet counts. Transient bone pain occurred in two patients receiving a dose of 800 micrograms/m2. The biochemical changes detected were increased total alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, which appeared in parallel with the increase of neutrophil numbers, and less elevation of total uric acid values. We conclude that an optimal dose of rhG-CSF is 100 micrograms/m2 (average maximum peripheral granulocyte count, 10799/microliters; nadir granulocyte count, 3772/microliters; period of neutropenia, 2.6 days), and rhG-CSF is useful for acceleration of neutrophil recovery and prevention of infection from chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in patients receiving chemotherapy--phase I study]. 247 61


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