Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 224 consecutive patients with hormone-resistant prostatic cancer referred to 2 European Cancer Centres for palliation of painful bone metastases the one year survival for all patients was 24% (2-year survival: 7%). The median survival was 8 months. In univariate analyses the following prognostic factors were identified: performance status, serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, duration of response to primary hormone treatment, degree of bone scan involvement and hemoglobin. Multivariate analyses confirmed the four first parameters to be independent factors. A prognostic model was established (no or one risk factors vs 2 risk factors vs 3 or 4 risk factors) based on performance status, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and hormone response duration. The median survival of these groups was 10 months, 6 months and 3 months, respectively. This model proved to be discriminative in an external data set of 214 patients with hormone-resistant prostatic cancer entered in two prospective trials. The above differences in outcome between readily and simply defined prognostic groups are greater than the differences one can realistically hope to produce using new treatment strategies. These prognostic factors should be taken into account both in the design and interpretation of clinical studies dealing with the treatment of hormone-resistant progressing prostatic cancer and painful bone metastases.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in hormone-resistant progressing cancer of the prostate. 161 86

Strontium-89 has been used for the treatment of painful bony metastases in patients suffering from disseminated adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with a variable proportion of patients obtaining clinically significant reductions in analgesic requirements. Based on data revealing enhancement of continuous low-dose rate irradiation by low-dose cisplatin in murine models, a protocol using 148 MBq (4 mCi) of 89Sr and 35 mg/m2 of cisplatin infused over 2 days, 1 and 4 wk after administration of the radioisotope was undertaken. Preliminary data suggest good pain relief with 55% of 18 patients entered thus far obtaining at least a 50% reduction in analgesic requirements. Improvements in total alkaline phosphatase and serum lactate dehydrogenase have consistently been seen, with some patients exhibiting improvements in hemoglobin, tumor markers and bone scans. Toxicity appears to be mild, with no life-threatening complications. In particular, myelosuppression after one course of treatment was modest, but retreatments in two patients has resulted in grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Two patients developed a "pain flare" after administration of cisplatin. Further accrual to this study will allow more accurate determination of pain response rate, and improved evaluation of parameters of objective response.
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PMID:Strontium-89 and low-dose infusion cisplatin for patients with hormone refractory prostate carcinoma metastatic to bone: a preliminary report. 163 33

Cell surface antigen expression during proliferation and differentiation of human erythroid progenitors was examined using a combination of sequential micromanipulations of paired daughter cells derived from erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) and immuno-staining with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Single hematopoietic progenitors were identified in methylcellulose cultures containing human cord blood mononuclear cells and micromanipulated individually to secondary culture. Paired daughter cells, granddaughter cells, and subsequent generations, whose counterparts produced erythroid bursts, were stained with various cytochemical and immuno-alkaline phosphatase stainings. Most paired daughter cells of BFU-E immunostained positively with anti-platelet glycoprotein(GP) IIb, antiplatelet GPIIb/IIIa, anti-HLA-DR, and antitransferrin receptor antibodies. Acid phosphatase staining was also positive. Neither CD34 nor CD33 antigens were identified on the cells. CD36 and blood group A antigens were first identified on cells from aggregates containing 32 to 64 cells after 4 days of secondary culture and preceded the expression of glycophorin A and hemoglobin alpha. These results indicate that various cell surface antigens were sequentially expressed during the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors, and that our procedure may be useful for clarifying the morphologic and immunologic properties of hematopoietic stem cells.
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PMID:Changes in cell surface antigen expressions during proliferation and differentiation of human erythroid progenitors. 163 21

A retrospective analysis was undertaken to assess the prognostic role of histologic findings in response to chemotherapy and survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Histologic material was available for 395 of 1587 patients treated for metastatic breast cancer at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1973 and 1984. Chemotherapy consisted of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide or similar drugs, with or without tamoxifen. Maintenance cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil was continued for 2 years after a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 450 mg/m2 was administered. The histologic distribution was as follows: infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 353; invasive lobular, 14; mixed histology, ten; mucinous, seven; signet ring, four; tubular, three; papillary, two; sarcomatoid, one; and apocrine, one. Because individual histologic types occurred infrequently, the patients were divided into infiltrating ductal and nonductal groups. Baseline patient characteristics included age, performance status, estrogen-receptor status, prior hormone response, disease extent, and levels of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase. These were similar in the two groups. Significantly more patients with nonductal histology had greater than three metastatic sites. There were also more patients with hemoglobin less than 10 mg/dl and albumin less than 3.5 mg/dl in the nonductal group of patients. However, statistically these factors did not have an impact on the results. There was a 63% response rate (17% complete and 46% partial) for the ductal group and a 60% response rate (12% complete and 48% partial) for the nonductal group. The time from initiation of chemotherapy to disease progression was identical (12 months) for the two groups. Survival from initiation of chemotherapy was not significantly different (22 months for ductal and 27 months for nonductal). Based on this study, the authors conclude that histologic findings have no bearing on patient response to chemotherapy or survival in metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Lack of correlation between histologic findings and response to chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. 164 36

1. The hematology and blood chemistry of 10 captive adult Ara rubrogenys is described. 2. They showed 3,650,000 erythrocytes/mm3, a hematocrit of 49.9% and a blood hemoglobin content of 15.2 g/100 ml. 3. Leukocyte number was 10,000 cells/mm3, the differential counts being 42.2% heterophils, 0.8% eosinophils, 2.4% basophils, 49.9% lymphocytes and 4.5% monocytes. 4. The number of thrombocytes was 21,800 cells/mm3. 5. Plasma composition was (mg/100 ml): glucose 295; triglycerides 102; cholesterol 166; urea 5.8; uric acid 5; creatinine 0.3; bilirubin was not detected and total protein concentration was 3.2 g/100 ml. Enzymatic activities were (units/1): GOT 188; GPT 10 and alkaline phosphatase 315.
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PMID:Hematology and blood chemistry of macaws, Ara rubrogenys. 168 90

A feed loading experiment was applied in 2 phases to 45 young cocks over 12 weeks, using 1,2-N,N-bis(methylmercury)-p-toluolsulphamide-dressed wheat (50% of base ration). Investigations were conducted to study the effects of selenium supplementation (0,2 mg Se as sodium selenite/l drinking water) on biochemical and hematological parameters (calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, activity of alkaline phosphatase, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leucocyte count) as well as on parameters relating to toxicological residues (selenium and mercury levels in liver, musculature and kidneys). Statistically secured differences were found to exist between the experimental groups with regard to selenium and mercury in the liver and mercury concentrations in kidneys. Possible interrelationships were discussed.
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PMID:[Interrelationships between methylmercury exposure and selenium supplementation in cockerels using selected laboratory diagnostic parameters and toxicological parameters of residues]. 175 6

The level of bound malathion residues in treated wheat grain and its toxic effects on rats were investigated. Wheat grain was treated with [14C] malathion (specific activity: 2.76 MBq/mg) to determine the bioavailability of bound residues in rats. At the same time, grain was treated with nonlabeled malathion to test for possible toxic effects of bound residues in a subchronic (90 days) feeding study in rats at two dose levels, 10 and 100 ppm. It was observed that the level of malathion-bound residues amounted to 11.28% of the applied dose (for six months). Also, it was noted that the main route of [14C]-malathion excretion was through the urine. This signifies that grain-bound malathion was bioavailable. In subchronic test on rats bound malathion residues (both dose levels) induced effects to some extent in organ weight (spleen and adrenals), and blood ChE activity. In both, males and females, there was an increase in SGPT activity (lower dose), and in alkaline phosphatase in females (higher dose). Hematological data showed changes only in hemoglobin concentration in males (both dose levels).
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PMID:Toxic effects of bound malathion residues in rats. 178 38

In the period of January 1978 to October 1988, 32 Le Veen shunts (LVS) were implanted in 20 patients, out of which 16 were alcoholic cirrhotics and 4 postnecrotic cirrhotics. In the present study, we correlated preoperative laboratory data of these patients with their postoperative evolution, comparing the clinical results of patients who survived more than 30 days (13 patients = 65%) with the results of those who died within the same period (7 patients = 35%). For that matter, 14 laboratory tests were performed in order to measure the serum levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, bilirubin, albumin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, fibrinogen, gamma GT and prothrombin activity. After statistical analysis, we observed that 6 of the 14 tests performed could be considered of prognostic value in the following decreasing order of importance: fibrinogen, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin activity, urea, gamma GT and bilirubin. We observed that all the 7 patients who died prematurely presented 3 or more of these levels altered, when compared with standard values. Based on these data, we concluded that serum levels of fibrinogen, alkaline phosphatase, urea, gamma GT, bilirubin and activity of prothrombin proved to be important factors in determining the prognosis of immediate survival in cirrhotic patients who underwent LVS implantation. We also concluded that when 3 or more of these factors are altered, the implant of LVS is contraindicated, whatever clinical criteria for indication and contraindication were taken into account.
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PMID:Prognostic value of preoperative tests in the surgical treatment of ascites with the implant of Le Veen shunts in cirrhotics. 184 48

Transferrin (TF) has a growth promoting activity in cell culture. The aim of this work was to study possible relationships between serum TF, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and rate of height increase in boys. 149 boys aged 13-15 yrs were studied. TF levels were measured using turbidimetric method. The serum levels of ALP could be used as a biochemical marker for bone formation. Significant correlation was found between serum TF levels and ALP levels (r = 0.31, P less than 0.0005). The TF levels are higher in iron-deficiency anemia. The hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin were measured in all boys. Thirty-one of 149 boys had no iron-deficiency anemia (Hb 14.0 g/dl and serum ferritin 23 ng/ml). The rate of growth in height was estimated over a 5 month period. In these boys, the rate of growth in height was significantly correlated with serum TF levels (r = 0.37; P less than 0.05). A significant correlation was found between serum TF levels and plasma IGF-1 levels (r = 0.45; P less than 0.05). These data indicate that serum TF levels may be a marker of skeletal growth in normal boys.
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PMID:Serum transferrin as a marker of bone growth in boys: correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase activity, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 and rate of growth in height. 187 82

The medical records and liver biopsies of nine sickle cell patients with chronically elevated liver function tests were retrospectively reviewed to determine the etiology of chronic liver disease. There were eight women and one man with a mean age of 30 yr. All patients had hemoglobin SS. Eight patients were referred for elevated aminotransferases and one for an elevated alkaline phosphatase. Hemosiderosis was present in all of the biopsies. Two patients had cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis was noted in two patients, and five patients had cholestasis. Two patients had serologic markers demonstrating HBV exposure but no patients were HBsAg positive. Erythrophagocytosis, sinusoidal dilatation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia were present in all of the liver biopsies. Transfusion-related causes were the most common significant pathologic findings in our patients, and appeared to be the etiologies of chronic liver disease in sickle cell patients.
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PMID:Transfusion-related chronic liver disease in sickle cell anemia. 188 2


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