Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The properties have been studied of a haemic cell line established from a patient with longstanding non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after transformation to acute leukaemia. The cells are EBNA, Fc, C3 and SmIg and Ia-like antigen negative. The continuous in vitro proliferation and karyotype abnormalities suggest malignancy. The cells contain only the lymphoid type of alkaline phosphatase and a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and as they formed E-rosettes during the first year in culture they may be of T-cell lineage. Since the patients' leukaemic cells have not been studied it is impossible to know whether the cultured cells represent an in vitro proliferation of the patient's malignant cells or an outgrowth of a subpopulation of cells. In the cytoplasm of many cells inclusion bodies containing virus-like particles, similar to those observed in fresh human leukaemia cells, were often seen. As this new virus is biologically active, infection of the cells by virus may explain their continuous proliferation in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Phenotypic characterization of a virus producing line established from a patient with leukaemia/lymphoma: comparison with T-lymphoblastic and myeloblastic lines. 696 6

In this study the problems encountered in staining immunoglobulin (Ig) in sections of paraffin-embedded human lymphoma samples have been investigated. It was found that the "masking' of cytoplasmic Ig, which occurs when tissues are fixed in formol saline (the fixative employed in most previous studies), can be avoided by the use of mercury-based fixatives. When non-Hodgkin's lymphoma samples fixed in this way were studied it was found that cytoplasmic Ig labelling of both lymphoid and histiocytic cells is often attributable to non-specific uptake of serum proteins. This phenomenon probably accounts for a number of published anomalous immunoperoxidase staining results in human lymphoma (e.g. the presence of both kappa and lambda chains in the same neoplastic cell). Double immunoenzymatic labelling (using alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase) proved valuable in the elucidation of this phenomenon. When staining due to absorbed Ig was discounted it was possible to demonstrate monoclonal Ig labelling in seven out of sixteen cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In each case IgM was found in association with a single light chain type and these results were in agreement with those obtained by direct immunofluorescent labelling of cryostat sections. In a further case u chains without associated light chains were demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining. Seven cases of Hodgkin's disease were studied by immunoenzymatic techniques. Although IgG was frequently found in Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells its presence was not attributable to non-specific uptake of serum protein since albumin was absent or only present in small amounts. These findings are in support of the macrophage origin of these cells.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistological study of human lymphoma. 700 85

Peripheral blood samples of 23 patients who had hairy cell leukemia were examined for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in seventeen patients (74%), were normal in six (26%), and were not decreased in any patient. The mean leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score was 166 (normal range, 11-95). High leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores correlated inversely with the absolute number of neutrophils in peripheral blood and were unrelated to other clinical factors, including age and time since splenectomy. High leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores were also associated with a shift to more immature forms of neutrophil differentiation. These findings are consistent with the view that high leukocyte alkaline phosphatase levels in hairy cell leukemia are secondary to decreased marrow granulocyte reserves and do not necessarily indicate the existence of primary abnormalities of multiple bone marrow cell lines, including the granulocytes, in hairy cell leukemia. The role of the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase assay in the differential diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia with respect to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and other lymphoid malignancies is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Significance of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in hairy cell leukemia. 741 80

We examined neutrophil functions in seven elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma before and during treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at the neutropenic stage after combination chemotherapy. Subcutaneous injection of 75 micrograms/d of G-CSF produced by E. coli was started when the neutrophil count decreased less than 1,500/microliter, and continued until the neutrophil count increased to about 10,000/microliter. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils from the elderly on day 3 of G-CSF treatment was markedly enhanced; 1,129.9 +/- 403 ps/100 PMNs, which was 185.7 +/- 31.4% (p < 0.001) as compared with that before G-CSF treatment. The neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity was also enhanced on day 3; 398.3 +/- 48 score, which was 135.2 +/- 5.1% (p < 0.001) as compared with that before G-CSF treatment. Two patients developed interstitial pneumonitis during or shortly after the treatment with G-CSF. Interstitial pneumonitis suddenly developed when their neutrophil count was increased, and the phagocytic activity and NAP activity recovered. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils from them was enhanced to 1,090 +/- 26 ps/100 PMNs and 772 ps/100 PMNs during the treatment with G-CSF, as compared with that before G-CSF treatment of 644 +/- 29 ps/100 PMNs and 465 +/- 69 ps/100 PMNs, respectively. The NAP activity was also enhanced to 372 from 264. One patient suffered from transient pulmonary dysfunction during the treatment with G-CSF. His neutrophil count was more than 13,000/microliter, and the phagocytic activity enhanced to 949 +/- 105 ps/100 PMNs. Dyspnea with suppressed PaO2 recovered reversibly after cessation of G-CSF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Neutrophil functions during treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the elderly with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: including two patients accompanied with interstitial pneumonitis during the treatment with G-CSF]. 750 33

Needle aspiration cytology of an undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass was performed on a 37-year-old male. The cytologic findings were highly consistent with a seminoma. In the differential diagnosis the possibility of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma was considered. The cytologic features in the aspirate included uniform, single to loose groups of malignant cells with round nuclei and prominent nucleoli and pale cytoplasm with occasional vacuoles. A variable number of lymphocytes were intermingled with the neoplastic cells. On immunostaining, the markers for lymphoma, melanoma and epithelial malignancy were negative, while alpha-1-antitrypsin was positive in malignant cells, and alkaline phosphatase activity was weakly positive in the cytoplasm. In view of the cytologic diagnosis, a clinical examination of the testes was undertaken and followed by an ultrasound examination, which demonstrated a well-demarcated tumor in the left testis. It was removed and diagnosed as a typical seminoma. This case is of interest since needle aspiration cytodiagnosis not only suggested the correct diagnosis in an otherwise-undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass but also led to a timely investigation and correct management.
 ...
PMID:Undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass. Report of a case in which needle aspiration cytodiagnosis led to investigation and timely management. 776 40

The skin lesions of two elderly women lead us to the diagnosis of small cleaved lymphocytic B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, TNM stage IVb after clinical staging examinations. Relapses occurred within less than 1 year. Morphology, enzymhistochemistry (alkaline phosphatase in the first case), and immunohistochemistry (CD 5 positivity in the second case) in the skin biopsies supported the diagnosis of mantle-cell lymphoma. The histogenesis of the mantle-cell lymphoma is reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Mantle-cell lymphomas of the skin. 804 52

Serum neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been described as a prognostic marker in multiple myeloma (MM). Both C-reactive protein (CRP) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) are established prognostic markers in MM. We tested the diagnostic value of these markers in 212 serum samples of patients with paraproteinemia registered prospectively in a population-based registry. Sixty patients had MM and 152 had other monoclonal gammopathies (hematologic diseases [48], paraneoplastic disease [35], autoimmune disease [15], and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance [56]). CRP and beta 2M had wide and overlapping ranges in all diagnostic categories. However, serum neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was low (< 20 U/mL) in all but 4 of 152 nonmyeloma cases and high (> or = 20 U/mL) in 31 (52%) of the 60 MM cases. Two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 with chronic lymphatic leukemia, and 1 with autoimmune disease had serum NCAM values between 20 and 30 U/mL. In a discriminant analysis in which serum NCAM, CRP, beta 2M, paraprotein type and concentration, hemoglobin, leukocyte and thrombocyte counts, creatinine, corrected calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were included, paraprotein type and concentration and serum NCAM turned out to be the best combination of parameters predicting whether a patient had MM, with 89% of cases being correctly classified. Even without bone marrow and x-ray examinations, serum NCAM, in combination with paraprotein type and concentration, can differentiate between MM and nonmyeloma patients.
 ...
PMID:Serum neural cell adhesion molecule differentiates multiple myeloma from paraproteinemias due to other causes. 855 95

We report the first known case of fulminant bone marrow necrosis (BMN) occurring after infusion of fludarabine monophosphate in a patient with recurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Extensive BMN is characterized by the development of fever, bony pain, a leukoerythroblastic peripheral blood film, variable degrees of pancytopenia and elevations in lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. The diagnosis of BMN is rarely entertained ante-mortem. Although the precise role chemotherapy may have played in triggering fatal BMN remains speculative, we alert clinicians to be aware of this entity as more patients with indolent lymphomas and leukemias are treated with this and other potent nucleoside analogs.
 ...
PMID:Fatal bone marrow necrosis following fludarabine administration in a patient with indolent lymphoma. 857 66

Originally developed against the effects of ionizing radiations, amifostine is an organic thiophosphate compound shown able to selectively protect normal tissues against cytotoxic agents in cellular and animal models, without protecting tumor tissues. Amifostine is a prodrug which is dephosphorylated into its active metabolite, a free thiol derivative, by membrane alkaline phosphatase of the target issue. This unique metabolism supports its cellular selectivity and its preferential uptake by normal tissues. In phase II clinical trials, a decreased toxicity has been demonstrated in patients given alkylating agents; however, reduction of the response has not been observed. On the basis of these results, a prospective, randomized, phase III study has been conducted in patients with ovarian carcinoma receiving a combination of cisplatinum and cyclophosphamide. A significant decrease in hematologic, renal and neurologic toxicity was observed in the amifostine-treated patients compared with the control group, and response rates did not significantly differ between the two groups. Insufficient or emerging data are only available for other applications, including either in vitro manipulation of hematopoietic grafts or in vivo treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer and radioprotection. No data are yet available in regard to the potential protective effects of amifostine against mutagenicity and cancerogenicity of both chemo- and radiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[Amifostine: current and future applications in cytoprotection]. 895 58

We examined 111 patients with acute type- or lymphoma type-adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and compared them with 106 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In addition to skin involvement and hypercalcemia which are already known to be frequent in ATL, ATL patients showed an higher incidence of hepatic involvement. There was more frequent palpable hepatomegaly, higher total bilirubin, GOT, GPT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase values in ATL than in NHL patients (p < 0.0001). Among 36 autopsied liver samples, invasion of ATL cells was confirmed in 22 cases. ATL patients with impaired hepatic function showed shorter survival times than patients without hepatic dysfunction. Moreover, ATL patients showed a worse performance status (PS), a higher incidence of lytic bone lesions, lower total protein (TP) and serum albumin levels than NHL patients. This invasive characters of ATL cells and consequent impaired general condition seemed to be factors affecting the poor prognosis recorded in ATL.
 ...
PMID:Frequent hepatic involvement in adult T cell leukemia: comparison with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 932 95


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>