Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rats exposed for 12 weeks to the mixture of nitric oxides (0.34--2.81 mg/m3) and chlorine (0.61--1.50 mg/m3) the following changes were found: increased methemoglobin concentration (MetHb), increased partial pressure, increased total carbon dioxide concentration (pCO2 TCO2), increased current dicarbonate concentration (AB), and increased buffer bases (BB). In addition, asparagine transferase activity (aspAT), alanine aminotransferase (A1AT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and hepatic isoenzyme of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH5) in serum were found to be increased. Histopathological examination revealed: inflammatory lesions and edema of pulmonary parenchyma, alveolar emphysema and edema of connective tissue of palpetra derm with mastocytes. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of nitric oxides and chlorine induces, apart from local lesions in conjunctivae, pulmonary lesions leading to respiratory acidosis compensated by metabolic alkalosis, or liberation of indicatory enzymes through impaired cells.
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PMID:[Chemical hazards connected with electrochemical machining. I. Toxicity of nitric oxides and chlorine lesions in rats' parenchymatous organs]. 50 41

In women employed in an industrial plant in direct contact with epoxide resins and their hardeners, the following biochemical parameters were determined in blood: total protein, seromucoid, haptoglobin, hemoglobin variants, methemoglobin, alpha1-inhibitor of trypsin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline and acid phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, leucylaminopeptidase, and alanine aminopeptidase. Depending on duration of work, Hb A2 fraction and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly, and aspartate aminotransferase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities decreased. In pregnant women, leucylaminopeptidase activity and isozyme of placental alkaline phosphatase were decreased.
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PMID:Evaluation of the influence of epoxide resins and their hardeners on the female body. II. Biochemical studies. 101 94

F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 1, 3, or 6 ppm methyl isocyanate by inhalation for 6 hr on 4 consecutive days. Deaths of rats were observed following 3 ppm exposures, and mice died after exposures to 6 ppm. Deaths appeared to be related to severe respiratory distress. Survivors in high dose groups lost weight initially, then gained weight at rates equal to controls throughout a 91-day recovery period. Lung weights increased significantly in male and female rats exposed to 3 ppm, but no persistent changes in brain, kidney, thymus, spleen, liver, or testis weights were seen in either mice or rats. Blood and serum from male and female rats were taken for clinical pathology and hematology assessments on day 7 of postexposure, the day prior to the first observed deaths of these animals. No changes or only slight changes were seen in measures of serum alanine aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, or in blood and brain cholinesterase activities. However, serum creatine kinase increased with dose in both males and females. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and methemoglobin were unchanged. No changes were seen in counts of red blood cells or platelets, or in red cell indices. Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits were slightly elevated. No changes were noted in absolute leukocyte counts, but counts of segmented neutrophils increased and lymphocytes decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The toxicity of inhaled methyl isocyanate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. II. Repeated exposure and recovery studies. 362 27

Large numbers of eccentrocytes (erythrocytes with hemoglobin contracted to one side of the cell) were seen on a stained blood smear from a Dachshund with compensated hemolytic anemia. The 7-kg dog had been given 325 mg of acetaminophen orally once daily for 6 weeks by the client, because the dog exhibited signs attributed to abdominal pain. More than half of the erythrocytes contained small Heinz bodies visualized after methyl violet staining. The methemoglobin content was 6.4% (normal less than 2%) when measured 16 hours after the last acetaminophen tablet was given. High serum alanin transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities and hyperbilirubinuria were measured. All abnormal laboratory findings were attributable to acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage to erythrocytes and hepatocytes.
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PMID:Hematologic abnormalities associated with chronic acetaminophen administration in a dog. 379 79

A chronic, four-month, toxicological experiment with albino rats was carried out with a view to study the effect of nitrates on organism. The animals, grouped into six groups, were daily intoxicated by probing with aqueous solution of sodium nitrate in concentrations of 30, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/l. The toxicological studies established statistically significant changes in some integral, hematological, biochemical and pathologico-anatomical indices with the drinking of potable water with 500 and 1000 mg/l nitrates and in single cases - with 100 mg/l: body weight loss among the female animals; reduction of hemoglobin and erythrocytes; urea fluctuation (hypo- and hyperazotemia); increase of glutathione, of peroxidase activity and alkaline phosphatase; reduction of catalase activity; light parenchymal-dystrophic changes in liver and kidneys. No changes were established in methemoglobin. With a view to those results, the authors presume that no risk for organisms exists with the consumption of potable water, containing nitrates to 50 mg/l, a slight risk--up to 100 mg/l, enhanced risk--over 100 mg/l and high risk--with 500 and over 500 mg/l.
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PMID:[Effect of drinking water with a high nitrate content on the body in a toxicological experiment]. 382 36

In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in a TEM chamber to 20-MHz (HF-band) continuous-wave radiofrequency radiation (RFR) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week up to 6 weeks. The average E-field intensity was 2686 +/- 164 V/m (mean +/- SD) and the calculated specific absorption rate was 0.3 W/kg. Randomly sampled rats killed on Days 8, 22, 39, and 42 after initiation of exposure showed no statistically significant differences from controls for body mass, spleen cell density, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, methemoglobin, erythrocyte fragility, bilirubin, creatinine, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, sodium, potassium, and spleen cell chemiluminescence. Splenic mass differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.05) only on Day 22. Spleen to body mass ratios differed significantly between exposed and control groups on Days 22 and 39 (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.025, respectively). Histologic examination of the rats revealed the successive accumulation of phagocytic cells, lymphoid proliferation, development of lesions, and tissue necrosis characteristic of respiratory mycoplasmosis. In a followup experiment, a separate set of rats was exposed for 6 weeks to identical levels of RFR. No significant differences were found in splenic parameters and spleen cell peroxidative activity. Histologic examination of these animals revealed no evidence of mycoplasma infection. The observed differences between exposed and control animals of the first experiment appear to have resulted from subclinical respiratory mycoplasmosis rather than exposure to RFR.
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PMID:Effects of 20-MHz radiofrequency radiation on rat hematology, splenic function, and serum chemistry. 402 74

In the metabolism of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), fast denitration with the formation of nitrite ions and a mononitrate plays an important role. In contrast, the denitration of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) to isosorbide is very slow. Accordingly po administration of high doses of ISDN (92.5 and 236 mg/kg) in conscious dogs led to maximum nitrite concentrations in the blood of 0.9 and 3.3 mg/liter, respectively. In contrast, with equimolar doses of IS-5-MN (75 and 191 mg/kg) we were able to detect nitrite ions reliably only at the higher dose and this gave a maximum blood concentration of 0.4 mg/liter. The rise in nitrite ion concentration is followed by the formation of methemoglobin. As is known from the literature, there is a rise in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of rabbits in addition to methemoglobin formation following repeated administration of sodium nitrite. So we have specifically investigated whether this is also the case following ISDN and IS-5-MN administration. On po administration of 236 mg/kg ISDN/day to dogs, there was a continuous rise in alkaline phosphatase from about the 20th day onward which we did not observe after the equimolar dose of IS-5-MN (191 mg/kg). NaNO2, 35 mg/kg po, led to a comparable maximal rise in methemoglobin to that obtained with 236 mg/kg ISDN. Repeated po administration of 35 mg/kg NaNO2/day also caused a rise in alkaline phosphatase. It is concluded that the formation of nitrite ions from ISDN is the reason for the rise in methemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase. The lower formation of nitrite ions from IS-5-MN can also be of clinical importance, at least in certain cases.
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PMID:Differences in the nitrite ion formation and the toxicological findings between isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate. 671 Apr 80

The experimental details of ELISA for the identification and quantitation of Hb S are presented; the assay is based upon the passive adsorption of Hb S top a solid phase (polystyrene tubes) and the addition of monospecific rabbit antibodies capable of recognizing the (beta 6 Glu leads to Val) substitution in Hb S. After the addition of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat antibody to rabbit IgG and substrate, the yellow color produced by hydrolysis of substrate is measured spectrophotometrically. For the identification and quantitation of Hb S in unknown samples, the hemolysate is added to the Hb S-coated tubes before the addition of antibody to Hb S, thus causing an inhibition of the antigen-antibody reaction as evidenced by an absence or reduction of color formation. With this procedure, there is no cross-reactivity with normal hemoglobins, and the immunoassay has a sensitivity in detecting 50 ng quantities of the abnormal hemoglobin in a 5 microgram hemolysate. The assay can be performed on multiple samples in 1 day and offers many advantages over other techniques currently used for the identification and quantitation of Hb S and other abnormal hemoglobins in the clinical laboratory.
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PMID:Identification and quantitation of sickle cell hemoglobin with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 741 53

Submitted in the paper are data on maximum permissible concentrations and tentative threshold limit values for those inhibitors of atmospheric metal corrosion and inhibitors of corrosion under acid conditions that have come into widespread use. Experimental animal studies together with observations over those occupationally exposed to the inhibitors permitted recommending tests of early diagnosis of intoxication such as measurement of blood and urine content of inhibitors, accumulation of methemoglobin in blood for methemoglobin-producers, alterations in peripheral blood, changes in biochemical reactions (activities of transferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactatdehydrogenase in blood serum), parameters characterizing the functional status of cardiovascular system.
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PMID:[The maximum permissible concentrations, the approximate safe exposure levels and diagnostic tests for poisoning by inhibitors of metal corrosion]. 884 70

Toxic effects of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) in male and female rats were evaluated by feeding powdered certified laboratory chow diet supplemented with varied concentrations of TNB (0, 50, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg kg-1 diet) for 14 days. Food intake by female rats in 400, 800 and 1200 mg TNB diet groups was reduced and resulted in a significant decrease in absolute body weights (BW). Food and water consumption by male rats in high-dose groups (800 and 1200 mg TNB kg-1 diet) was also reduced and resulted in a significant decrease in body weight. The calculated average TNB intake (from 1200 mg TNB kg-1 diet) was 92 mg kg-1 BW day-1 for male rats and 80 mg kg-1 BW day-1 for females. A decrease in testicular weight in males and an increase in spleen weight of both sexes in high-dose groups was noted. In addition, histopathological examinations revealed that the susceptible organs for TNB toxicity were kidney (hyaline droplets), spleen (extramedullary hematopoiesis), brain (hemorrhage, malacia and gliosis) and testes (seminiferous tubular degeneration). Hematology and clinical chemistry studies indicated a decrease in red blood cell count and hematocrit, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase, an increase in Heinz bodies and increased methemoglobin concentration as compared to controls in both sexes. A lowest observed adverse effect level of 4.41 mg TNB kg-1 BW day-1 was established based on the findings of this study.
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PMID:Fourteen-day toxicity study of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in Fischer 344 rats. 885 14


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