Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathophysiology of secondary osteoarthritis remains largely obscure. Our attention has been drawn to Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), which has been attributed to Se deficiency. To obtain information regarding the prevention, prediction of progression, and treatment of this condition, we performed histological and biochemical studies on bone and articular cartilage specimens obtained from rats fed a low-Se diet. A low-Se diet was prepared and fed to Wistar rats for 3-11 mo, after which the rats were killed under general anesthesia, and their articular cartilages were studied microscopically and electron microscopically. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur was determined by the microdensitometry method and ash weight. In addition, serum Se, Ca, P, Alk Phos, T3, T4, and urinary Se were measured. In the low-Se group, impaired weight gain was observed from the 5th mo, and head alopecia was found in 60% of the animals. Microscopically, no clear changes in the articular chondrocytes were apparent, whereas with the electron microscope, chondrocytes in the deep layer showed degeneration of nuclei and endoplasmic reticular ballooning. From the 5th mo, a decrease in BMD (ash weight) was noted. Serum Se concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity, and urine Se concentrations were decreased in the Se-deficient rats, whereas serum Ca, P, T3, and T4 values did not differ from those of a control group. Also, a decrease in sulfotransferase activity, which is involved in transfer in the process of synthesis of glycosaminoglycan, which is a proteoglycan carbohydrate chain, was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Low-selenium diet, bone, and articular cartilage in rats. 770 1

To assess the potential impact of ipriflavone on the biomechanical properties and mineral composition of bone, we administered two doses (200 or 400 mg/kg bw) of the drug orally to adult male rats for 1 month. Bone biomechanics were evaluated by vibration damping, an index of strain energy loss, and impact strength (the amount of energy required to fracture after a single impact). At the higher dose, ipriflavone significantly decreased vibration damping of rat femurs by 23.0 +/- 9.8% compared with control, vehicle-treated animals, suggesting a higher capacity to withstand dynamic stress. This result was confirmed by the impact strength studies showing that a higher energy (49.6 +/- 21.3% above control) was required to fracture femurs of rat treated with 400 mg/kg bw ipriflavone. The high dose of ipriflavone increased bone mineral density, assessed by both volume displacement and ash analysis (4.2% and 2.5% above controls, respectively). The relative content of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the ashes was not different among the treated and untreated groups, indicating that no gross abnormalities in mineral composition of bone occurred after ipriflavone administration. Similarly, there were no differences in serum calcium and magnesium levels between treated and control animals at the end of the study, whereas lower circulating phosphorus levels were detected in the latter. Ipriflavone treatment was not associated with significant changes in serum alkaline phosphatase nor type I collagen telopeptide levels, two markers of bone turnover. In summary, 1-month treatment with ipriflavone increased bone density and improved the biomechanical properties of adult rat male bones without altering mineral composition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ipriflavone improves bone density and biomechanical properties of adult male rat bones. 775 27

Growing pigs were given subcutaneous (SC) injections of 40 micrograms porcine GH/kg body weight (BW) or its vehicle twice daily for 2 months. Animals were pair-fed with a diet containing 1.1% Ca, 0.6% P, and 1000 IU vitamin D3/kg. At slaughter, several bone characteristics including histomorphometric data (using double tetracycline labeling) were measured on tibia and metacarpals. GH accelerated growth, with greater (p < 0.01) tibial and metacarpal weights, greater tibial length (p < 0.01) and diameters (outside and inside, p < 0.01), and greater tibial ash weight (p < 0.02) in GH-treated pigs than in controls. The similar values of apparent bone density (weight/volume) and ash/bone volume or ash/dry matter in the two groups suggest adequate coupling between bone growth and mineralization in GH-treated pigs. Histomorphometric data for the distal metacarpal metaphysis indicated greater trabecular bone volume (p < 0.01), osteoblastic surface (p < 0.01), and mineral apposition rate (p < 0.05) in GH-treated pigs. The osteoclast surface, lacuna depth, and osteoid-related parameters in GH-treated and control pigs were similar. The plasma PTH of the two groups of pigs were similar throughout the experiment. These data and the elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (p < 0.05) in GH-treated pigs suggest that GH specifically affects bone formation. GH had no effect on the plasma 25-OH vitamin D3 but 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (calcitriol) was higher (p < 0.01) in treated pigs throughout the experiment. This suggests that calcitriol may help adapt bone mineralization to accelerated bone formation during growth hormone treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of exogenous growth hormone on bone mineralization and remodeling and on plasma calcitriol in intact pigs. 791 81

PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) is found in all milks, including human and pig. To define a role for PTHrP in milk, 2-day-old piglets were randomized to receive soy formula devoid of PTHrP or supplemented with 1 nM synthetic PTHrP(1-86) (n = 8 per group). The number of serum samples with detectable PTHrP by immunoassay (Incstar) and radiometric assay (Nichols) was 9 of 33 and 3 of 13 in PTHrP- and 8 of 27 and 3 of 15 in PTHrP+ formula-fed piglets and 8 of 14 and 7 of 12 in naturally suckling piglets, respectively. Serum and urine concentrations of calcium and magnesium and total and bone alkaline phosphatase were similar in both groups at 3, 6, 10, and 17 days of age. No differences were seen in bone mineral content of the tibia measured by single-photon absorptiometry (BMC 0.22 +/- 0.06 and 0.22 +/- 0.10) or dual x-ray absorption (BMC 1.43 +/- 0.36 and 1.31 +/- 0.78) either in vivo or on excised bone or by measurement of Ca, Mg, or P content or total bone ash (1.26 +/- 0.26 and 1.38 +/- 0.28 mg). Intestinal histology, serum intestinal alkaline phosphatase, and net absorption and retention of Ca, Mg, and P in balances from age 11-17 days were all similar. As in humans, however, a developmental pattern was seen for phosphorus regulation in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of parathyroid hormone-related peptide supplementation of soy protein formulas in the neonatal pig model. 794 51

Diagnostic significance of some clinico-biochemical parameters was investigated in 221 fattened bulls. An evaluation of the results has shown that the determination of concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood plasma was not of essential importance for diagnostics. The values of these parameters were within the reference range (Tab. I). The parameters determined by chemical analyses of bioptates from the tuber coxae of the fattened bulls with various forms of alimentary osteopathy showed characteristics, statistically significant differences in comparison with the control animals (Tabs. II, III, IV). In the bulls of group B/1 (clinically healthy, phosphorus deficit in the feed ration, acidogenic nutrition in part of the animals, lowered performance, occurrence of clinical cases of osteopathy in fattening facilities), a significant decrease in the values of ash per 1 g fat-free dry matter and per 1 cm3 spongy substance of the t. coxae and a significantly wider index Ca/P were determined. In the bulls of group B/2 (clinically healthy, deficit of phosphorus, calcium, proteins and energy in the feed ration, decreased performance, occurrence of clinical osteopathy), a significant decrease of ash per 1 g fat-free dry matter and per 1 cm3 of spongy substance of the t. coxae was determined, the Ca/P index was significantly narrower. In the bulls of group C/1 (bulls with clinical symptoms of skeleton disorder, phosphorus deficit in the feed ration, acidogenic nutrition in part of the animals), a significant decrease of ash per 1 g far-free dry matter and per 1 cm3 spongy substance of the t. coxae was found out, the Ca/P index was wider.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Preclinical diagnosis of metabolic osteopathy in feedlot bulls]. 800 80

Bone atrophy following replantation of an amputated extremity is related to the decrease of blood flow and to disuse. The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone atrophy and bone formation was the subject of the reported study. Lewis rats were divided into amputated and replanted, and non-amputated groups, with the groups further divided into subgroups, with and without the administration of PTH. The agent (0.8 U/0.2 ml) was administered subcutaneously three times a week for 5 consecutive weeks, while controls were given 0.1 percent BSA buffer solution (0.2 ml) subcutaneously three times a week for 5 consecutive weeks. Subsequently, the animals were anesthetized, blood samples were taken, and tibias were extracted before sacrifice. Laboratory evaluations included bone assays and the measurement of bone mass and volume. In the group given PTH after amputation and replantation, there was increased bone formation, together with significant increases in bone Ca, bone P, ash content volume, and volume and serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-p), in comparison with the other groups. The administration of PTH after amputation and replantation was comparatively effective in mitigating the amount of bone damage.
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PMID:Effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on replantation of amputated legs in a rat model. 818 66

The efficacy of percutaneous elcatonin (EC), a hypocalcemic peptide, in the treatment of experimental osteoporosis in rats was evaluated in vivo. Additionally, the effect of the combined use of EC and active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) for the treatment was compared with those of three other groups: 1,25(OH)2D3 alone, estradiol plus 1,25(OH)2D3, and a placebo, and low calcium diet (low Ca). The EC transdermal system and the EC plus 1,25(OH)2D3 system, applied to the rat abdominal skin 6 times for 48 h, significantly increased the ash weight and calcium content of the tibia in the rats, compared with those of placebo group (p < 0.05). The EC systems also slightly lowered the alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma of the morbid rats, without a difference in the plasma calcium content. These EC systems were superior to the 1,25(OH)2D3 system and the estradiol plus 1,25(OH)2D3 system in improving osteoporotic parameters. Thus, the EC systems were concluded to be an efficient drug delivery system for Paget's disease and osteoporosis.
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PMID:Effectiveness of the elcatonin transdermal system for the treatment of osteoporosis and the effect of the combination of elcatonin and active vitamin D3 in rat. 826 57

Age-related changes in the wet, dry and ash weights and components such as water, organic substance, ash, calcium and phosphorus of femur, tibia and first lumbar vertebra and serum biochemical constituents related to bone metabolism were examined in Wistar rats. A total of 60 males and 60 females were used, and every five rats of both sexes were examined at 1 and 2 months of age and then at intervals of 3 months between 3 and 30 months of age. Each bone weight increased rapidly up to 3 months of age and then gradually up to 12 months of age in females and 9 months of age in males, but thereafter decreased at 27 and 30 months of age in males. Between 1 and 6 or 9 months of age in both sexes, a decrease in water content, increases in ash, calcium and phosphorus, and almost no change in organic substance in each bone were observed. After 15 months of age in males, an increase in water content, decreases in ash content, calcium and phosphorus, and almost no changes in organic substance were observed in males. The value of serum calcium decreased up to 12 months of age but then increased after 18 months of age in both sexes. Serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased up to 9 months of age in both sexes. The data obtained in this study supported the results in our previous study that the peak bone strength of the femur and peak bone volume of trabecular bone of the proximal metaphysis of the tibia were at 12 months of age in both sexes in Wistar rats.
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PMID:[Age-related changes in bone weights and their components in rats]. 835 56

Two experiments were conducted with chicks from 5 to 15 days posthatching to study the effect of sodium zeolite A (SZA) on Zn utilization. The corn-soybean meal basal diet was supplemented with ZnCO3 to provide three levels of dietary Zn (35, 40, and 85 ppm) in Experiment 1, and two levels of dietary Zn (85 and 4,000 ppm) in Experiment 2. Experimental diets also contained either 0 or .75% SZA, resulting in a 3 x 2 and a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The tendency for increased growth, feed intake, and hematocrit in chicks fed Zn-supplemented diets in Experiment 1 suggests that the 35-ppm level of Zn in the basal diet was marginal for chicks. Both supplemental Zn and SZA increased (P < .02) hematocrit and plasma, pancreas, and tibia Zn and decreased (P < .02) tibia Cu. Sodium zeolite A increased (SZA by Zn, P < .03) tibia Al and tended to increase (SZA by Zn, P < .09) liver Fe in chicks fed either 35 or 85 ppm Zn, but SZA had no effect on tibia Al and liver Fe in chicks fed 40 ppm Zn. In Experiment 2, both SZA and excess dietary Zn decreased gain, feed intake, gain: feed, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and increased tibia, liver, and pancreas Zn, and tibia Al. In addition, excess Zn increased (P < .05) plasma Zn and liver Al but decreased (P < .01) plasma, liver, and pancreas Cu and percentage of tibia ash. The addition of SZA enhanced the adverse effects of excess Zn by further decreasing feed intake, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma AP and Cu and by increasing tibia Al and liver Zn. Sodium zeolite A increased pancreas (P < .09) and tibia (P < .03) Zn regardless of dietary Zn concentration; however, SZA increased plasma Zn only in chicks fed 85 ppm Zn (SZA by Zn, P < .03). Sodium zeolite A tended to improve Zn utilization in chicks fed inadequate Zn but exacerbated the adverse effects of feeding excess Zn. The addition of SZA to the diet of chicks fed inadequate, adequate, or toxic levels of Zn resulted in increased tissue Zn concentration.
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PMID:Effect of dietary sodium zeolite A on zinc utilization by chicks. 838 15

Microbial phytase was added at concentrations of 0, 500, and 1,000 phytase units per gram (PU/g) to a diet that derived the majority of its phosphorus content from organic sources. In addition, a positive control diet was prepared by adding calcium phosphate to increase the total dietary phosphorus by 1.7 g/kg. Each diet was available ad libitum for 3 wk to nine individually penned pigs approximately 5 wk old and with an initial weight of 10.2 kg. Digestibility of phosphorus was estimated, using chromic oxide as an indicator, from fecal samples obtained during the 3rd wk of the trial. Blood serum and metatarsal bones were obtained at slaughter. The addition of the microbial enzyme resulted in increased rate and efficiency of gain, increased digestibility of dietary phosphorus, increased serum phosphorus, decreased serum alkaline phosphatase, and increased metatarsal ash and weight of metatarsal phosphorus. The response to dietary microbial phytase was similar to that resulting from feeding a diet containing 1.7 g/kg of additional phosphorus from calcium phosphate.
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PMID:Addition of microbial phytase to diets of young pigs. 839 74


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