Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an industrial solvent, proved to be moderately toxic when studied in small laboratory animals. In adult female rats brief (8 h) and prolonged (8 h daily, on 5 consecutive days a week, for more than 16 weeks) inhalation of 200 ppm--the current TLV/MAC in various countries--produced histological evidence of slight to severe fatty degeneration of the liver lobules and Kupffer cells. In addition marked pulmonary hyperaemia and alveolar septal distention were noted. Fibrous swelling of the cardiac muscle (with striation) just barely maintained) and hyperaemia remained detectable for as long as 14 h post-exposure, but only occurred at 3000 ppm/8 h. A concentration of 1000 ppm/8 h was required to produce a fall in blood albumin, urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase activities and erythrocyte count. The cited concentrations failed to produce prenarcotic symptoms of narcosis (central nervous system (CNS) depression). The LD50 was found to be 6.0 ml/kg i.p. and 1.0 ml/kg p.o. for female rats, and 3.2 ml/kg i;p. for female mice. In some of the rats killed in these experiments the organ changes were found to be identical to those observed after inhalation.
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PMID:Toxicity studies on trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. 85 30

A clinico-laboratory study is carried out on 100 workers from the coke-chemical plant "Mining Complex Kremikovtzy", exposed to chronic effect of carbon oxide, at concentrations close to MAC. A wide range of laboratory indicators are employed for the purpose: hematologic, biochemical and enzymatic. Increased alkaline phosphatase and aldolase activity, increased fibrinogen values and leucineaminopeptidase inhibition are pointed out as being most demonstrative of the early carbon oxide effects on the organism.
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PMID:[Early criteria for the diagnosis of chronic carbon monoxide exposure]. 123 12

The growth and differentiation characteristics of MAC 15 murine adenocarcinoma cells, derived from routine passage in vivo for growth in vitro on a plastic substrate (MAC15j cells), were compared under conditions in which the cells were seeded onto a substrate of type-I collagen which was either attached to plastic or was released to float free in medium. Cells grown on a plastic substrate consisted of a heterogeneous, largely anaplastic population with a putative enterocytic morphology but with no evidence of junctional complexes or cell polarity typical of an epithelial phenotype. MAC 15j cells from cultures grown on a plastic substrate reestablished a moderate to well-defined degree of differentiation when transplanted back into NMRI mice. When MAC 15j cells were seeded from plastic onto type-I collagen, either attached to plastic or free-floating, tight junctional complexes were formed and the cells began to attain a more recognizable, columnar and polarised epithelial morphology. Cells grown on a type-I collagen gel which was free-floating showed a selective expression of alkaline phosphatase at the apical surfaces of approximately 10% of the cells. This expression was detectable by electron microscope histochemistry but could not be detected biochemically. Treatment of MAC 15j cells grown on a released collagen matrix with tetramethyl-urea (20mM) accelerated the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity at the apical surface as detected by microscopy.
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PMID:Role of the extracellular matrix on the growth and differentiated phenotype of murine colonic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. 200 58

Sera from patients with St. Louis encephalitis were tested with an immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (MAC ELISA). The assay used five reagents: antihuman IgM, test serum, sucrose-acetone-extracted mouse brain antigen, broadly cross-reactive flavivirus monoclonal antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase, and substrate (p-nitrophenyl phosphate). MAC ELISA endpoint titers correlated (r = 0.893) with the absorbance value of a 1:100 dilution of patient serum. Significant (fourfold or greater) changes in the endpoint titers between paired sera corresponded to a critical ratio (ratio of absorbance values at the 1:100 dilution) of greater than or equal to 1.3. IgM antibodies were detected in 71% of patients bled at 0 to 3 days after the onset of illness, in 99% bled at 4 to 21 days, and in 91% bled at 22 to 67 days. Thereafter, the IgM seropositivity rate declined; however, 29% of sera were still positive at 115 to 251 days after the onset of illness. MAC ELISA titers were significantly correlated with hemagglutination inhibition (r = 0.258) and neutralization (r = 0.711) titers. Because IgM antibodies appeared early and waned rapidly, a diagnosis was made on the basis of a decrease in titer more often by MAC ELISA than by hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, or neutralization tests. IgM antibodies generally showed a high degree of specificity; heterologous cross-reactions were, however, present in 4 of 14 sera examined. The MAC ELISA is useful for the rapid, early diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis. 638 82

Early chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and leukemoid reaction (LR) sometimes show similar histological pictures. In order to assess the efficacy of immunohistochemistry in the discrimination of the two forms, twenty bone marrow (BM) trephines of patient with CML and twenty with LR were immunostained and studied. A wide spectrum of antibodies effective on paraffin-embedded tissues (NP 57 anti-neutrophil elastase, Leu M1, MAC 387, KP1, Y2/51, LCA, UCHL1, L26, BerH2 and Glycophorin A) and directed against granulopoietic, erythropoietic, megakaryocytic, monocytic and lymphoid cells was tested by means of the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. Expression of neutrophil elastase in CML and LR showed a different pattern of reactivity in normal and neoplastic granulocytic cells and Y2/51 put in evidence significant discrepancies of megakaryocytes in the two groups. Moreover, a greater number of histiocytic, lymphoid and erythropoietic cells were detected in LR after immunostaining with KP1, LCA, UCHL1, L26 and Glycophorin A. The different immunophenotypical pictures observed, suggest the value of immunohistochemistry as a supplementary diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis between early CML and LR.
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PMID:[Immunophenotyping of early-phase chronic myeloid leukemia and leukemoid reaction]. 770 38

The ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characteristics of microvascular cells from human subcutaneous fat tissue were studied after the addition of collagenase and Percoll density gradient, respectively. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against antigens specific for endothelial cells (factor VIII, Ulex europaeus, CD31, and CD34), pericytes (muscle-specific actin and desmin), adipocytes (S-100 protein), and monocytes-macrophages (MAC 387 and 150.95 protein) were demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase and protein A-gold techniques. In addition, to determine whether the harvesting method interfered with microvascular cell function, DOT immunoassays of factor VIII and CD34 were conducted on solutions recovered at collagenase incubation as well as after nylon filtration and Percoll administration, respectively. After the collagenase step, the vast majority of microvascular cells had the typical ultrastructural and immunophenotypical features of endothelial cells. In sharp contrast, following the Percoll step, only 1% to 18% of microvascular cells stained with factor VIII, Ulex europeaus, and CD31, whereas 90% of them expressed the CD34 antigen. Surprisingly, DOT immunoassay revealed the presence of factor VIII in the washing buffer recovered after the Percoll step only. Consequently the decreased expression of common endothelial cell markers (factor VIII, Ulex europaeus, and CD31) observed at the end of the cell isolation procedure was related to the adverse effects of Percoll on endothelial cell function. The CD34 surface molecule, being highly resistant, is particularly well suited for unequivocal characterization of microvascular cells as true endothelium.
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PMID:Electron microscopic and immunocytochemical profiles of human subcutaneous fat tissue microvascular endothelial cells. 812 56

Patients with epilepsy on long term antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy deserve special consideration not only concerning seizure control but also the effect on anaesthetic metabolism and hepatorenal functions. In the present study, we examined the effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia on plasma inorganic fluoride (F-) level and hepatorenal function in patients with and without AED therapy. Twenty-two patients (12 with AEDs = AED group, and ten without AEDs = control group = C group), ASA I, who were free of hepatorenal disease, received approximately 2-3 h sevoflurane anaesthesia. Plasma F- analysis was performed at the stages of: 1) induction of anaesthesia, 2) conclusion of anaesthesia, 3) 15 h after the conclusion of anaesthesia, using an ion-selective electrode calibrated with a standard solution of sodium fluoride. Pre- and postoperative hepatic (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin) and renal (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) function was tested. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the average age (AED group = 9.4 and control group = 10.1 y.o.), body weight, duration of anesthesia, and MAC hours (2.6 and 2.4). The mean peak F- levels were 15.5 and 13.6 microM, in AED and C groups (not significant), respectively. No patient exhibited F- values greater than 50 microM, the hypothetical nephrotoxic threshold. The patients showed no abnormal values either in hepatic or renal function tests postoperatively. These results suggest approximately 2-3 h sevoflurane anaesthesia to be safe in patients taking AEDs.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics and biotransformation of sevoflurane in paediatric patients during antiepileptic drug therapy. 888 Aug 18

A nonisotopic and quantitative in situ hybridization technique was adapted to investigate the effect of biomaterials on the cellular expression of mRNA from human bone derived cells (HBD cells). HBD cells were cultured for 24 or 48 h on tissue culture plastic, alumina, and ion modified alumina. Osteocalcin, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen alpha 1, and type I collagen alpha 2 mRNAs were quantified. Protein expression for collagen types I, III, and V, and for anti-human macrophages CD68 (DAKO-CD68, KP1) and CD68 (PG-M1), and anti-human myeloid/histiocyte antigen (DAKO-MAC 387) were determined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. At 24 and 48 h, levels of mRNA for alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin were greater than mRNA levels for osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen type I alpha 1, and collagen type I alpha 2 for cells grown on the three substrata. However, at 48 h mRNA levels for alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin were significantly higher on the modified ceramic substrata relative to the native alumina. HBD cells appear to express CD68-KP1 when cultured for 24 h. The techniques provide a sensitive and reproducible assay to evaluate gene and protein expression of cells grown on different substrata.
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PMID:A novel technique for quantitative detection of mRNA expression in human bone derived cells cultured on biomaterials. 895 88

From March 1997 to June 1998, infectious etiologies of prolonged fever was prospectively investigated in 104 advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients admitted to Siriraj Hospital. The etiology could be identified in 91 cases (87.5%). Of these, blood cultures from 68 patients yielded mycobacteria and fungi. Mycobacterium avium complex was the most common blood isolate in 24 per cent of the patients; followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 20.2 per cent, Cryptococcus neoformans in 5.8 per cent, Penicillium marneffei in 5.8 per cent. During the course of febrile illness, 79 of the 91 patients (86.8%) exhibited focal lesions. Weight loss, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase were often found to be significantly more associated with MAC bacteremia (P < 0.05). Pulmonary involvement significantly correlated more with M. tuberculosis bacteremia than MAC bacteremia (P < 0.05). No cause could be identified in 13 cases. Mycobacterium blood culture alone established the etiologies in 68 cases (65.4%). Of the 25 patients with disseminated MAC (DMAC) infection, nine patients died during hospitalization. Another three cases died within a few months of appropriate anti-MAC chemotherapy. We concluded that the risk of DMAC infection in advanced AIDS patients in Thailand is high when low CD4 lymphocyte count is established. The prolonged fever resulted from DMAC in advanced HIV infection is warrant to be public health concern. Mycobacterium blood culture is a most valuable tool contributing to the diagnosis of infectious agents in this condition. The guidelines of 1997 USPHS/IDSA should be followed to give chemoprophylaxis against DMAC disease in patients with advanced HIV infection and a CD4 count less than 50 cells/mm3.
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PMID:Prolonged fever due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in advanced HIV infection: a public health concern. 980 90

A pair matched case/control study was conducted from January 1991 to 30 June 1992 in order to define clinical and laboratory findings associated with DMAC infection in AIDS patients. Since DMAC infection is usually associated with advanced immunodeficiency, and therefore also with other opportunistic illnesses, in addition to the number of CD4+ lymphocytes, cases and controls were matched using the following criteria: date of AIDS diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy, number and severity of associated opportunistic infections and, whenever possible, type of Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis, age and gender, in this order of relevance. Cases (defined as patients presenting at least one positive culture for MAC at a normally sterile site) and controls presented CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 50 cel/mm3. A significantly higher prevalence of general, digestive and respiratory signs, increased LDH levels, low hemoglobin levels and CD4+ cell counts were recorded for cases when compared to controls. Increases in gammaGT and alkaline phosphatase levels seen in cases were also recorded for controls. In conclusion, the strategy we used for selecting controls allowed us to detect laboratory findings associated to DMAC infection not found in other advanced immunosupressed AIDS patients without DMAC.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (DMAC) in a pair matched case-control study. 1060 40


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