Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-eight patients with refractory anemia (RA) were retrospectively analyzed for their prognosis and subclassified into three groups: 12 patients with hematological improvement (A), 23 patients with no changes (B), and 13 patients with progression to RAEB or acute leukemia (C). For all patients, the median survival were 49.2 months, and the rate of leukemic transformation was 16%. The median survivals were 60.6, 32.1, and 17.9 months, respectively, for groups A, B and C. The factors indicating poor prognosis were low reticulocyte counts, low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity, low% red cell utilization, high M/E ratio, high blast percentage in the bone marrow and cytological abnormalities in the granulocyte and megakaryocyte series. By using multiple discriminant analysis, we obtained a formula for the prognostic estimation with a discrimination probability of 62.5%. This formula could predict either the patients with good (Y greater than 0.85) or poor (Y less than 0.59) prognosis, and might be useful to select the treatment for this intractable anemia at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:[Multiple discriminant analysis for prognosis of refractory anemia]. 194 20

The effects of recombinant cytokines on the ploidy of human megakaryocytes derived from megakaryocyte progenitors were studied using serum-free agar cultures. Nonadherent and T cell-depleted marrow cells were cultured for 14 days. Megakaryocyte colonies were identified in situ by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique, using monoclonal antibody against platelet IIb/IIIa. The ploidy of individual megakaryocytes in colonies was determined by microfluorometry with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. Recombinant human interleukin 3 (rhIL-3) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) supported megakaryocyte colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. However, both rhIL-3 and rhGM-CSF had no definite ability to increase the ploidy values. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) or recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhM-CSF) by itself did not stimulate the growth of megakaryocyte progenitors. rhEpo or rhM-CSF, however, stimulated increases in the number, size and ploidy values of megakaryocyte colonies in the presence of rhIL-3 or rhGM-CSF. Recombinant human interleukin 6 (rhIL-6) showed no capacity to generate or enhance megakaryocyte colony formation when added to the culture alone or in combination with rhIL-3. rhIL-6, however, increased the ploidy values in colonies when added with rhIL-3. These results show that rhEpo, rhM-CSF and rhIL-6 affect endomitosis and that two factors are required for megakaryocyte development.
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PMID:The effect of cytokines on the ploidy of megakaryocytes. 220 62

A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with marked thrombocytosis and its megakaryokinetics were reported. Patient was 57-year old woman who had a marked thrombocytosis (1,413 x 10(3)/microliters) and a bone marrow megakaryocytosis. Bone marrow karyotype demonstrated Ph1 chromosome in all cells examined. However, on physical examination, there was no splenomegaly. CBC showed no immature myeloid cells, and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase was elevated. These manifestations were consistent with so called essential thrombocythemia (ET) with Ph1 chromosome reported by Nissenblatt. To know the megakaryokinetics of this case, we examined the number of colony forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-M), platelet glycoprotein (PGP) IIb/IIIa positive cells, cytoplasmic area, and DNA content, comparing with those of normal subjects, CML, and ET. We found a marked increase of CFU-M and PGP IIb/IIIa positive cells, but in contrast, decreased DNA content and cytoplasmic area. This pattern of megakaryokinetics was consistent with that of CML. We conclude that ET with Ph1 chromosome may be a variant of CML rather than ET itself.
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PMID:[Chronic myelogenous leukemia with marked thrombocytosis--comparison with essential thrombocythemia with Ph1 in its megakaryokinetics]. 231 4

Human megakaryocyte colony formation was observed in serum-free agar cultures with a medium containing deionized bovine serum albumin, iron-saturated transferrin, 2-mercaptoethanol, and recombinant human interleukin 3 (IL-3). Megakaryocyte colonies were identified in situ by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique, using monoclonal antibody against platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Colony numbers reached a peak at day 14, with a mean of 47 megakaryocyte colonies (range 23-104) per 2 x 10(5) bone marrow mononuclear cells. Recombinant human IL-3 stimulated the growth of megakaryocyte progenitors. Similar results were obtained using nonadherent, T-cell-depleted mononuclear cells. These findings suggest that IL-3 stimulates the growth of megakaryocyte progenitors directly without activation of accessory cells, or the requirement of factors present in the serum or plasma. This serum-free culture system may be useful for studying the effects of purified natural and recombinant biological regulators on human megakaryocyte progenitors.
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PMID:Clonal growth of human megakaryocyte progenitors in serum-free cultures: effect of recombinant human interleukin 3. 326 26

The alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemical staining technique was used to look for circulating cells of megakaryocyte lineage in peripheral blood smears from 67 cases of myelodysplasia. Small numbers of micromegakaryocytes positive for platelet glycoprotein IIIa were found in 23 cases. These cells superficially resemble small lymphoid cells and are hence difficult or impossible to recognise in conventional Romanowsky stained smears. Circulating micromegakaryocytes were found most commonly in more aggressive types of myelodysplasia (such as refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) and refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t], and their presence may therefore indicate a poor prognosis. Because of the simplicity of this immunocytochemical labelling technique, it could be of wide use in the initial assessment of patients with myelodysplasia, and possibly for the early detection of acute leukaemic transformation.
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PMID:Circulating micromegakaryocytes in myelodysplasia. 332 97

Five chondroblastomas were examined for the presence of monocyte/macrophage-associated antigens by an alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemical method. The tumor cell populations were analyzed with eight antibodies reacting with separate antigens on cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage and with antibodies directed against glycoprotein IIIa and factor VIII. The "chondroblastic" tumor cells did not stain with any of the macrophage-associated antibodies. Osteoclast-like giant cells stained with the macrophage-associated antigens EBM11, KB90, leukocyte common antigen, and with the megakaryocyte/platelet-associated antigen C17. Only endothelial cells were reactive with antibody to factor VIII. Our data do not support the postulated histiocytic origin of the neoplastic cells within chondroblastomas; the osteoclast-like giant cells present within these tumors are felt to be both reactive and of monocyte/macrophage lineage.
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PMID:Chondroblastoma: an immunohistochemical study. 341 89

The leukemic cells from 15 cases of Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukemia were immunophenotyped by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemical technic using nine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) reactive with various myeloid or lymphoid antigens. On the basis of morphology, cytochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) reactivity, and electron microscopy, five of the cases had been classified as lymphoid; eight, myeloid; one, mixed myeloid-lymphoid; and one, undifferentiated. The blasts from all five lymphoid cases were reactive with lymphocyte differentiation antigen MoAb, and four of five reacted with MoAb to anti-common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated antigen (CALLA) (BA3). The blasts from all eight myeloid cases were reactive with MY7, a marker of myelomonocytic differentiation. Some of the blasts from three of the eight myeloid cases reacted with HP1-1D and AP3, markers of megakaryocytic differentiation; megakaryocyte differentiation was confirmed by electron microscopy. In the case classified as mixed myeloid-lymphoid, the blasts showed morphologic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity; ultrastructural studies demonstrated lymphoid, basophil, and erythroid differentiation. The blasts from the case classified as undifferentiated were immunophenotypically heterogeneous. In all cases in which the leukemic cells were also immunophenotyped by flow cytometry, the results correlated well with those obtained by the APAAP technic. The APAAP technic is a reliable method for immunophenotyping leukemias. Advantages of this method include its applicability to routinely prepared blood and bone marrow smears and cytocentrifuge preparations, lack of endogenous peroxidase background staining, and a permanent record.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody study of Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukemias using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technic. 351 97

Ten dogs were inoculated with Ehrlichia platys (E. platys) from an acutely infected dog. Two dogs were necropsied on each of days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post-inoculation, and tissues were collected and either fixed in formalin or frozen for light microscopic examination of lesions or E. platys antigen localization in tissues. Serum antibody titers to E. platys and serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were also determined. The significant light microscopic findings were lymph node follicular hyperplasia and crescent-shaped hemorrhages in the splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths beginning day 7 post-inoculation. There was significant megakaryocyte hyperplasia of bone marrow on days 28 and 35 post-inoculation. Ehrlichia platys antigen was in macrophages at 14 days post-inoculation which corresponded to the initial decline in platelet numbers. Initial thrombocytopenia and splenic crescent-shaped hemorrhages were temporally related, however the degree of lesion development and prominence were not related to subsequent platelet numbers.
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PMID:Acute Ehrlichia platys infection in the dog. 367 11

These data suggest that two types of radioresistant adherent stromal cells are adequate for maintenance of long term hemopoiesis in the Dexter culture system. One cell type appears to be a typical adherent macrophage while the other is an alkaline phosphatase positive epitheloid cell possibly representative of the adventitial reticular cell of the bone marrow. These two cell types seem to be clearly defined by the in-vivo irradiation studies and less clearly defined in the in-vitro irradiation experiments. These data do not exclude other cell types as playing important roles in modulating hemopoiesis but do suggest that these major types are probably playing important roles in maintaining stem cells in long term liquid cultures. In addition, data suggests that the epitheloid cell directly nurtures hemopoietic cells on its surface while the macrophages may serve a separate function. A number of growth factors are produced by these two cell types which appear to include CSF-1, a granulocyte CSA separate from CSF-1 and a megakaryocyte CSA separate from both the GM-CSA and CSF-1 (Table 5). Thus the present data suggest that there are at least three (formula; see text) separate hemopoietic growth factors produced. The FDC-P1 activity produced by irradiated stroma would appear most likely to be GM-CSA-II. The fact that lectins enhanced production of these activities is intriguing but the cell type on which the lectins are acting has not as yet been defined. It appears that lithium also acts upon adherent marrow stromal cells to induce production of myeloid regulatory growth factors. Lithium appears to stimulate both normal and irradiated stroma to produce hemopoietic maintenance and growth factors and the present data suggests that factors active on pre IL-3 cells, HPP-CFC, CFU-D, CFU-meg, and CFU-S are all induced from these stromal cells by lithium. Whether the lithium induced factors and the factors derived from irradiated stroma represent a number of different growth factors or one or two critical regulatory molecules is at present unclear. The synergistic activity derived from the TC-1 cell line is of particular interest in this regard. This CSF-1 dependent activity is capable of acting on a very primitive stem cell to induce impressive proliferation and differentiation. In addition an activity in TC-1 conditioned media which may be synergistic activity appears capable of inducing adherent marrow cell lines which then can subsequently produce more of the same factor, a classic autocrine system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Bone marrow adherent cell hemopoietic growth factor production. 393 Oct 91

Murine megakaryocyte (MK) colonies in soft-agar cultures were immunocytochemically stained with platelet antiserum and an immuno-alkaline phosphatase procedure. Subsequently, cytochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase was used to confirm the specificity of the immunolabelling technique. The correlation of numbers of megakaryocyte colonies enumerated by independent observers was excellent. A comparable platelet antiserum directed against human platelet epitopes was utilized to identify human MK colonies in soft-agar cultures of human bone marrow. Using this method, we determined that the frequency of detectable human MK colonies in our agar culture system was maximal between days 10 and 12. The immunocytochemical staining technique we have developed for identification of MK colonies in soft-agar cultures yielded good cellular morphology and produced an intensely specific label against a clear background; it therefore facilitated accurate enumeration of MK colonies. This non-fluorescent method avoids dependence upon a non-permanent marker, and allows the simultaneous enumeration of positive and negative colonies.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical identification of murine and human megakaryocyte colonies in soft-agar cultures. 815 Jun 63


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