Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The major renal adaptive changes in response to selective dietary phosphate restriction are a marked reduction in urinary excretion of phosphate and an increased urinary excretion of calcium; at the cellular level, there is selective increase in renal cortical brush border membrane phosphate uptake and increase in specific activity of alkaline phosphatase. In the present study we examined whether these functional and biochemical adaptive changes could be blocked by drugs known to inhibit protein synthesis. Administration of actinomycin D or cycloheximide to rats switched from a diet with normal phosphate content (0.7%) to a diet with low (0.07%) phosphate content either completely (actinomycin D) or partially (cycloheximide) prevented the expected decrease in urinary excretion of phosphate and increase in the urinary excretion of calcium. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase measured in crude membrane fraction (washed 100,000 g pellet) from renal cortical homogenate in animals fed a low phosphate diet and treated with actinomycin D or with cycloheximide was significantly lower than in control animals also on a low phosphate diet receiving placebo; but there were no differences between treated and untreated animals in the activities of two other brush border enzymes, gamma-glutamyltransferase and leucine aminopeptidase. Actinomycin D administered to rats maintained on a normal phosphate diet throughout the course of the experiment caused an increase in the urinary excretion of phosphate on the last (6th) day of the experiment but did not change urinary excretion of calcium. In acute clearance experiments, infusion of actinomycin D to rats adapted to a low phosphate diet did not increase fractional excretion of phosphate. In separate experiments, using the same dietary protocol as above, brush border membrane fraction (vesicles) was prepared from renal cortex of rats sacrificed at the end of the experiment. In this preparation Na(+)-dependent (32)Pi and d-[(3)H]glucose uptake and activities of brush border enzymes membrane were determined. Brush border membrane vesicles prepared from rats fed a low phosphate diet showed significantly higher Na(+)-dependent (32)Pi uptake compared with rats fed a normal phosphate diet. This increase in (32)Pi uptake was completely prevented when rats on a low phosphate diet were simultaneously treated with actinomycin D. These differences were specific for (32)Pi transport as no differences were observed in d-[(3)H]glucose uptake among the three groups. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.82, P < 0.01) between (32)Pi uptake and specific activity of alkaline phosphatase measured in aliquots of the same brush border membranes, whereas no such correlation was observed with two other brush border membrane enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase and leucine aminopeptidase. These observations show that actinomycin D prevents both the functional and cellular renal adaptive changes induced by a low phosphate diet. Taken together, these observations suggest that renal adaptation to a low phosphate diet could be prevented by inhibition of de novo protein synthesis.
 ...
PMID:Renal adaptation to a low phosphate diet in rats. 47 77

Intestinal metaplasia in human stomach was distinguished macroscopically into sucrase-positive and trehalase-positive areas, and sucrase-positive and trehalase-negative areas, by location of these disaccharidase activities with TES-Tape. After location of these two areas with TES-Tape, tissues were taken from them for colorimetric measurement of sucrase, trehalase, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results showed that in the mucosa from sucrase-positive and trehalase-negative areas, trehalase activity was not detectable and the activities of sucrase, LAP, and ALP were lower than in sucrase-positive and trehalase-positive areas.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative measurement of intestinal marker enzymes in intestinal metaplasia from human stomach with cancer. 51 Aug 49

When liver cells were dispersed with collagenase, their 5'-nucleotidase activity decreased to half the initial level, but it increased to the original level again on culture of the cells for a few days. The activity of another membrane enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, did not decrease on dispersion of the cells, but it increased about 10-fold on culture of the cells. These inductions did not require any hormone, but the effects were greater at a high cell density. These enzymes are located in both the plasma membranes and the cytoplasm, but the enzymes in these two locations can be distinguished by differences in their pH optima, substrate specificities, and susceptibilities to inhibitors. The increases were found to be due to increases in the activity of only the enzymes in the plasma membranes. The increases in enzyme activities were inhibited by actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and puromycin. The activities of leucine aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase B, other membrane enzymes, remained constant during dispersion and culture of the cells. These results show that enzymes in the cell membranes are affected in different ways by cell dispersion with collagenase and subsequent culture of the cells.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical studies on liver functions in primary cultured hepatocytes of adult rats. III. Changes of enzyme activities on cell membranes during culture. 52 39

The levels of five enzymes were examined in the urine and the serum of pregnant women. They included leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (ABG), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). After establishing the normal curve and upper confidence limits in healthy pregnant patients (138 examinations in 52 women), the the enzymes were examined in the urine and the serum of 21 severe and 23 mildly toxemic cases. The mean urinary levels of ABG, AP and LAP in the severe cases were significantly higher than in the normals, and by examining all three enzymes, at least one of them was found to be above the upper confidence limit in 95% of the severely ill women. The changes did not show up early enough to form a good diagnostic and prognostic sign in moderate pregnancy-induced hypertension, but severe kidney damage may be revealed earlier than by the regular kidney function tests, and patients with a bad remote prognosis can be singled out by this method.
 ...
PMID:Significance of urinary enzymes in gestosis. 52 89

The activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (serum ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (serum LAP), and alanine aminotransferase (serum ALT) were determined in 15 cats before and after treatment by 3 methods: common bile duct occlusion, left hepatic duct(s) occlusion, and carbon tetrachloride administration. Significant increases in serum ALP, LAP, and ALT activities occurred in all cats in the 3 groups. Sustained mean increases of ninefold in ALP and 13-fold in LAP occurred in the cats with common bile duct occlusion. Lesser mean increases of these enzymes (fourfold) occurred in the cats with partial biliary occlusion. Transient mean increases (100-fold) in ALT occurred in the carbon tetrachloride-treated cats. Urine ALP excretion was measured in 3 cats with common bile duct occlusion. There was no significant difference between rates of urine ALP excretion before and after common bile duct occlusion. Specific ALP activities of hepatic extracts from normal cats and biliary-obstructed cats were compared. Mean specific activity was onefold higher in liver from cats with common bile duct occlusion of 21 days' duration. The findings in the present studies were interpreted to indicate that serum ALP and LAP are useful to detect biliary occlusive disease in cats and, in conjunction with serum ALT, may be used to differentiate primary hepatodegenerative disease and biliary occlusive disease.
 ...
PMID:Alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alanine aminotransferase activities with obstructive and toxic hepatic disease in cats. 56 Aug 16

The effect of intravenous injections of HgCl2 on the renal excretion of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was investigated in rats. On the first day after Hg enzyme excretion showed a linear rise with the Hg dose from a threshold value of 0.44 mg Hg/kg. On the second day a statistically significant effect was seen already after 0.25 mg HgKG. After doses of 0.75 mg/kg or more a decrease of enzyme activity below control values occurred which persisted for more than 4 days. Treatment with 2,3-dimercaptopropansulfonate (DMPS) brought about a normalization of AP excretion. An effect on LAP excretion was observed only with early treatment. The same holds for the effect of DMPS on Hg-induced lethality. The usefulness of a measurement of LAP excretion for estimating the exposure to inorganic mercury is discussed.
 ...
PMID:The effect of mercuric chloride on the excretion of two urinary enzymes in the rat. 57 5

Fecal proteins from germfree and conventional rats were isolated. The proteins from the two kinds of feces differed in molecular weight, judging from Sephadex gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The conventional feces contained a greater amount of high-molecular-weight and a lesser amount of low-molecular-weight proteins than did the germfree feces. The fecal proteins of both kinds contained carbohydrates. Both feces contained considerable enzyme activity. The germfree feces contained extremely high activity in alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. Both feces showed the same level of trehalase activity. The conventional feces contained higher levels of activity of protease and acid phosphatase than did the germfree feces. Lactase activity was observed only in the conventional feces. The fecal alkaline phosphatase resembled the intestinal enzyme in response to L-phenylalanine inhibition and urea denaturation. From these results it was inferred that the germfree feces contained some of the intestinal proteins and that the conventional feces contained bacterial proteins in addition to intestinal proteins.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and properties of fecal proteins and fecal alkaline phosphatase from germfree and conventional rats. 63 36

Human ovarian follicles showed activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase (AcP) leucine aminopeptidase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the theca interna. The granulosa of nonovulatory tertiary follicles showed moderate activity, whereas that of preovulatory Graafian follicles showed strong activity of LDH and AcP. The activity of these enzymes in the follicular fluid was measured. In nonovulatory tertiary follicles, activity of 3beta-ol-steroid dehydrogenase (3beta-OHSD) was found only in the theca interna; their fluid contained 290 ng/ml of progesterone and 502 ng/ml of 17beta-estradiol (average). Preovulatory Graafian follicles showed activity of 3beta-OHSD in the theca as well as in the granulosa. The progesterone concentration of the fluid was 7037 ng/ml and the 17beta-estradiol concentration was 2800 ng/ml (average). More oocytes could be aspirated from ovaries of younger women than from those of older women. In both age groups one out of three oocytes was degenerated. Oocytes with preovulatory changes were found only in follicles with preovulatory changes in their walls. Degenerated oocytes were found in some nonovulatory follicles as well as in some follicles with preovulatory changes in their walls.
 ...
PMID:Further investigations on the maturation and degeneration of human ovarian follicles and their oocytes. 64 53

An interstitial cell reaction was produced in guinea pigs by repeated doses of complete Freund's adjuvant. The resulting changes were investigated with enzymehistochemical and immunopathological methods. Histologically there were diffuse or focal interstitial infiltrations of histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and some eosinophils. Enzymehistochemically a strong activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase is found in an increased number of alveolar macrophages, in contrast to the poor enzyme content of the interstitial cell infiltrations. Only some granulomas with starting fibrosis, visible after 6 weeks, exhibit an activity of leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Immunopathologically, with the aid of anti-guinea pig-globulin, no immunoglobulins could be detected in the lungs of all animals.
 ...
PMID:[Enzymehistochemical and immunopathological findings in the guinea pig lung after repeated doses of Freund's adjuvant (author's transl)]. 65 42

Plasmids are involved in the biosynthesis of many microbial secondary metabolites, and compounds which have various chemical structures are produced by microorganisms. Therefore, it is possible to find microbial products which have no antimicrobial activities but pharmacological activities. Aminopeptidases, alkaline phosphatase and esterase have been found to appear on the cell surface and their strong inhibitors have been confirmed to enhance or decrease immune response. These inhibitors have a very low toxicity without cytotoxic action. Bestatin, which inhibited aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase, enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity in a wide range of its low dosis (0.1-100 micrometer/mouse) and produced an immune resistance to the second inoculation of the same tumor cells. It showed a synergistic action with antitumor agents in treatment of experimental tumors. Treatment with bestatin alone exhibited a strong therapeutic effect on slowly growing solid tumors.
 ...
PMID:Small molecular microbial products enhancing immune response. 65 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>