Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histrochemistry of the adrenal glands was studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). It was impossible to demonstrate any reactivity to UDPG-GT, ADH, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, xilitol (NAD-dependent) dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and aryl-sulfatase in these glands. Total phosphorylase was found in scattered cells of the glomerulosa and adjacent outer fasciculata of one C. penicillata. The dehydrogenases (LDH, G-6-PDH,6-PGDH, NADPH2-TR,ICDH,SDH,NADH2-TR, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH) as well as the hydrolases (except alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase) showed a stonger reactivity in the cortical part. Some hydrolases (naphthol acetate esterase, acid phosphatase) and cytochrome oxidase were less reactive in the zona glomerulosa, where the dehydrogenases were more abundant. The outer fasciculata and the reticularis also showed a strong dehydrogenase reactivity.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the adrenal glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 0 44

The activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (A-p), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were examined in 18 cases of hepatomas. The activity of gamma-GTP was most remarkable in the hepatoma consisting of small to medium-sized tumor cells showing the least atypism. The enzyme activity found in the type composed of large tumor cells resembled that of normal liver and was considered to be the most mature form of the neoplasm. This enzyme was not found in the immature type composed of small typical tumor cells. A-P activity was seen in only a few cases of hepatoma; conspicuous in one case showing immature features and sporadically in one case with florid histological pattern. The activity of this enzyme could not be confirmed in the type demonstrating marked gamma-GTP activity. LAP activity was noted in the majority of cases, especially marked in the medium-sized tumor cells, but there was hardly any connection between this enzyme and histological type. In general, the cases demonstrating positive gamma-GTP activity tended to show LAP activity. Although the activity of gamma-GTP and that of A-p usually showed an inverse relation, all three enzymes demonstrated almost equal activity in the type showing a florid histological pattern.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on hepatoma--the relation between enzyme activity and histological type. 2 15

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma--GTP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) excretion in rats is followed in dynamics (2, 8, 15, 30 and 90 days) upon isolated and combined treatment with ethylene glycol (EG) at dose 1/8 LD50 and temperature of the environment 35 degrees C. Under the effect of high temperature an increase in the excretion of enzymes in the early observation terms is noted. The independent application of the noxa causes a reduction in gamma--GTR and LAP excretion, and an increase in AP. The temperature factor attenuates the toxic effect of EG relative to the enzymes under study at the end of the observation period. Changes in gamma--GTP excretion are considered as the earliest and most sensitive sign of tubular lesions.
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PMID:[Changes in the urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, leucine aminopeptidas and alkaline phosphatase in the combined action of ethylene glycol and high temperature]. 2 10

Bile acids increase the release of human enteropeptidase as well as other brush-border enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase) from duodenal mucosa, as had been shown earlier in experimental animals. The action of bile acids is independent of their known enhancing effect on enteropeptidase activity. The pH of duodenal juice is an important, hitherto unrecognized, factor in the release mechanism of brush-border enzymes. All of the above enzymes tested were released to a markedly greater extent at pH 8.2 than 6.3, regardless of the presence or absence of bile acid. Contrary to some results obtained with animal tissue, by other investigators, our experiments with human duodenal mucosa indicate that enteropeptidase, under all conditions tested, is released at a rate considerably greater than that for alkaline phosphatase or leucine aminopeptidase. The looser association of enteropeptidase with cellular components relative to that of other brush-border enzymes, as indicated by our observations, may be related to the unique function of enteropeptidase as the trigger enzyme of protein digestion.
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PMID:Effect of bile acids and pH on the release of enteropeptidase in man. 2 91

The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase as well as the total bile salt concentration (Tbs) were measured in bile specimens collected spontaneously at 7 and 11 a.m. and 4 and 9 p.m. from the 3rd-9th postoperative day of 16 patients with T-tube insertion. The general trend for all cholestatic enzymes to increase or decrease was in some way related to the total bile salt concentration. The best correlation was found between AP and Tbs (r = 0.48). It is suggested that the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts may lead to the delivery of membrane-bound cholestatic enzymes into the bile canaliculi without damage to the hepatocyte.
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PMID:Daily fluctuation of cholestatic enzymes in bile and its relationship to the total bile salts concentration. 4 82

Sixteen children with refractory diarrhea and three malnourished children who had frequent episodes of acute gastroenteritis but little diarrhea at the time of hospital admission, were studied by peroral upper small intestinal biopsy. Six children were adequately nourished; five children weighed 62 to 79% of expected weight and eight weighed less than 60% of expected weight. Two of the malnourished children had giardiasis. Pathogenic bacteria were found in only one case. Varying degrees of mucosal atrophy with reduction of mean villous height were seen in 18 cases. The concentration of mononuclear inflammatory cells and plasma cells was about half that seen in well-nourished children with severe nongastrointestinal infections. The concentration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria was about twice that seen in normal adults. The proportions of IgA-producing cells and cells that stained for secretory component were significantly reduced, as compared with normal adult control values. This reduction was most striking in children with malnutrition complicated by giardiasis. Enzyme histochemical studies were performed for leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. There was a tendency for considerably reduced acid phosphatase activity in all clinical groups (kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor and marasmus) of growth-retarded infants.
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PMID:Infantile jejunal mucosa in infection and malnutrition. 10 19

Whole blood samples from 40 male and 40 female individuals were analyzed for zinc, copper, selenium and iron, and in part also for cadmium and lead. Correlations were established between the element contents and the activities of blood enzymes (carbo-anhydrase, leucine aminopeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase). The zinc-copper ratio exerted no effect on the zinc-dependent enzymes. There was a correlation between the glutathione peroxidase activity and the selenium content in whole blood (r greater than 0.73). A cluster analysis was performed. In women, the authors stated a significant effect of oral contraceptives especially on the zinc and copper balance. It was evidenced that detectable (more marked) changes in the mineral equilibrium are not produced in all cases by the contraceptives. Nevertheless, changes in the mineral equilibrium are likely to occur in 25% of all women. In the present study further changes (for example in enzymes) were observed in 50% of all women. The results obtained from the male individuals were indicative of certain relationships between the zinc-copper ratio and the content of total lipids or lipid fractions in human blood.
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PMID:[Effect of the trace element supply on element dependent enzymes in man]. 11 Nov 26

The histochemistry of the neural cells was studied in the submandibular ganglia of 5 Callithrix jacchus (3 males and 2 females) and 4 Callithrix penicillata (2 males and 2 females). These cells contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, nucleoproteins and lipidic materia, but are apparently devoid of glycogen. It is impossible to demonstrate in them any reactivity for UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, ATPase at pH 6.3, leucine aminopeptidase and alanyl aminopeptidas. The reaction for the other searched enzymes was as follows: weak (F-1,6-P Ald and cytochrome oxidase), weak to moderate (ADH, 6-P-GDH, ICDH, SDH, MDH, alpha-GPDH and beta-OHBDH), moderate (G-6-PDH, F-1,6-PA, LDH and GDH), moderate to strong (ATPase at pH 7.4, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase) and strong (G-6-PA, NADH2,-TR, NADPH2-TR, ATPase at pH 8.5 and 9.4 and alkaline phosphatase).
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the submandibular ganglia of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penecillata). 14 13

Changes in activities of plasma membrane enzymes during liver regeneration may be related to the maintenance of hepatic function or to the regulation of cell proliferation. Plasma membranes were isolated from rat livers at various times after partial hepatectomy, and the specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, leucine aminopeptidase, 5'-nucleotidase, and adenylate cyclase (basal and with glucagon or epinephrine) were measured. Alkaline phosphatase and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity increased 3.6-fold and 2-fold respectively, during the first 48 h after partial hepatectomy. The time of onset and duration of change suggest that these increases in activity are involved in the maintenance of bile secretion. Decreases in leucine aminopeptidase activity at 48--108 h and in 5'-nucleotidase activity at 12--24 h were observed, which may be involved in the restoration of protein and accumulation of RNA. The basal activity of adenylate cyclase increased after partial hepatectomy. The response of adenylate cyclase to epinephrine showed a transitory increase between 36 and 108 h after surgery, while the response to glucagon was decreased by approximately 50% at all time points through 324 h after surgery. These changes in the hormone responsiveness of adenylate cyclase are similar to those previously observed in fetal and preneoplastic liver.
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PMID:Changes in plasma membrane enzyme activities during liver regeneration in the rat. 14 24

The intracellular localization of anion-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase in rat pancreas was studied by differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation and by the use of inhibitors of mitochondrial Mg2+-ATPase. The anion-sensitive MG2+-ATPase appears to be localized almost exclusively in a mitochondrial (15 min, 15 000 times g) fraction which shows two peaks after density gradient centrifugation. Both peaks coincide with the highest levels of cytochrome c oxidase activity, but not with alkaline phosphatase, (Na+ plus K+)-ATPase and leucine aminopeptidase activities or RNA. They appear to be equal sensitive to inhibition by oligomycin, aurovertin D and the rat liver mitochondrial inhibitor protein, at least when 1 mM EDTA is present in the isolation media. We conclude that no significant plasma membrane-located anion-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase activity is present in rat pancreas.
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PMID:Is there a plasma membrane-located anion-sensitive ATPase? IV. Distribution of the enzyme in rat pancreas. 15 25


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