Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of carrot extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage was evaluated. The increased serum enzyme levels (viz., glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol and glutamate dehydrogenase) by CCl4-induction were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with the extract. The extract also decreased the elevated serum bilirubin and urea content due to CCl4 administration. Increased activities of hepatic 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, acid ribonuclease and decreased levels of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and cytochrome P-450 produced by CCl4 were reversed by the extract in a dose-responsive way. Results of this study revealed that carrot could afford a significant protective action in the alleviation of CCl4-induced hepatocellular injury.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective activity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in mouse liver. 750 Jun 38

Investigations of acute and subacute atrazine toxicity in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were carried out. Acute toxicity was investigated in a semi-static test during a 96-hr exposition. The estimated LC-50 value was 18.8 mg/l. Subacute toxicity was investigated by exposing fish (carp) to different atrazine concentrations (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/l) for 14 days. Biochemical and histopathological changes in certain organs and tissues were investigated. The results show that atrazine leads to changes of varying intensity depending on the parameter tested, the organs and tissues examined, as well as the atrazine concentration. Biochemical changes were most prominent in the alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities whereas the most severe histopathological changes were observed in the gills.
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PMID:Acute and subacute toxicity of atrazine to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). 768 1

The activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and catalase are increased by 42 to 283% in patients with neurodermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis, whereas the activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholinesterase are unchanged. In women with neurodermatitis and psoriasis the level of GPT is by 24-28% lower than in men. In psoriasis catalase activity in women is by 50% higher than in men. Hence, the activities of some enzymes in disease are related to patients' sex. Blood serum catalase measurements are diagnostically valuable in skin diseases.
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PMID:[Blood enzyme activities in men and women with certain diseases]. 775 54

1. The hepatoprotective activity of aqueous-methanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus (Cyperaceae) was investigated against acetaminophen and CCl4-induced hepatic damage. 2. Acetaminophen produced 100% mortality at a dose of 1 g/kg in mice while pretreatment of animals with plant extract (500 mg/kg) reduced the death rate to 30%. 3. Acetaminophen at a dose of 640 mg/kg produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) to 430 +/- 68, 867 +/- 305 and 732 +/- 212 IU/l (n = 10) respectively, compared to respective control values of 202 +/- 36, 59 +/- 14 and 38 +/- 7. 4. Pretreatment of rats with plant extract (500 mg/kg) significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the respective serum ALP; GOT and GPT levels to 192 +/- 31, 63 +/- 9 and 35 +/- 8. 5. The hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg; orally) raised serum ALP, GOT and GPT levels to 328 +/- 30, 493 +/- 102 and 357 +/- 109 IU/l (n = 10) respectively, compared to respective control values of 177 +/- 21, 106 +/- 15 and 47 +/- 12. 6. The same dose of plant extract (500 mg/kg) was able to significantly prevent (P < 0.05) CCl4-induced rise in serum enzymes and the estimated values of ALP, GOT and GPT were 220 +/- 30, 207 +/- 95 and 75 +/- 38, respectively. 7. The plant extract also prevented CCl4-induced prolongation in pentobarbital sleeping time confirming hepatoprotectivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Studies on protective effect of Cyperus scariosus extract on acetaminophen and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. 778 38

Hepatotoxic effects of inorganic mercury with and without pretreatment of phenobarbitone and promethazine have been described in experiments on domesticated rabbits. The total body weight and the relative liver weight decreased after mercury treatment under all experimental conditions. After phenobarbitone (PB) treatment, the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities decreased to 31%, 77%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, whereas the serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity increased 54%. After promethazine (PM) treatment, however, the serum GPT activity was inhibited 73%, whereas the serum LDH activity increased 53%. Both hepatic GPT and AP activities decreased after PB (41% and 46%, respectively) and after PM (50% and 52%, respectively) treatments, while the activities of LDH and ICDH increased (after PB: 924% and 108%, respectively; after PM: 147% and 40%, respectively). After mercuric chloride (HgCl2) treatment, the serum GOT, GPT, LDH, and ICDH activities decreased 69%, 83%, 11%, and 48%, respectively. The hepatic GOT, LDH, and AP activities increased 56%, 129%, and 51%, respectively. The administration of HgCl2 in PB-pretreated animals was associated with a decrease in the activities of serum GOT and AP (57% and 69%, respectively), while the ICDH activity increased 27%. The hepatic GOT, GPT, and AP increased 58%, 135%, and 77%, respectively, after mercury treatment, whereas LDH and ICDH were inhibited 78% and 29%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Sublethal effects of inorganic mercury on the body growth rate and liver function enzymes of phenobarbitone-pretreated and promethazine-pretreated rabbits. 788 43

The effect of omeprazole on liver regeneration was studied in rats following partial (65 per cent) hepatectomy. Omeprazole 0.2 mg/kg increased the relative liver weight (weight of liver as a proportion of body-weight) and mitotic index (P < 0.05). There was no difference in food and water intake. The serum gastrin concentration was significantly higher in animals receiving omeprazole 0.2 mg/kg than in controls (P < 0.05). Omeprazole administration induced an increase in the level of serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) but had no effect on serum albumin, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and total bilirubin levels. Omeprazole stimulates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and this regeneration may be mediated by gastrin.
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PMID:Liver regeneration is enhanced by omeprazole in rats following partial hepatectomy. 795 55

We measured whole blood-associated acetaldehyde (WBAA) levels in 225 teetotalers (123 females, 102 males) between the ages of 18 and 86 years. Values were normally distributed, but mean values for females were significantly lower than for males (7.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 7.9 +/- 0.7 microM, p < 0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation with age for the entire group (r2 = 0.149, p = 0.001) and for both sexes. The correlation with WBAA and age was stronger for females. Significant but lesser positive correlations were found between WBAA and other variables that increase with age, including glucose, fructosamine, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and creatinine in the entire data set. Partial r analyses indicated that the correlations were mediated through the primary association of WBAA and age. We conclude that in individuals who do not consume ethanol there are significant sex differences in whole blood acetaldehyde and that the values increase throughout life.
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PMID:Studies of whole blood-associated acetaldehyde levels in teetotalers. 821 89

To investigate the hepatic abnormalities accompanying experimental protoporphyria due to griseofulvin (GF), liver function test values and porphyrin levels in mice were assayed at days 2, 4, 8, and 16 after starting the administration of 0.5% GF feed. Furthermore, in an attempt to elucidate the harmful effects of GF on liver functions, the above mentioned assay was also performed after the feed was discontinued in mice given 0.5% GF feed for 16 days. The hepatic protoporphyrin (PP) level had already risen by day 2, but the erythrocytic PP level was within normal limits at that time. Hepatic PP levels increased gradually, followed by an increase in erythrocytic PP levels. The variation in liver function test values roughly paralleled the porphyrin levels. Over the time span of the response to GF, the variations in the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (S-GOT) levels, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (S-GPT) levels, and leucine amino peptidase (LAP) levels resembled those in hepatic PP. On the other hand, the changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels paralleled those of the erythrocytic PP levels. Erythrocytic and fecal protoporphyrin levels decreased to the normal level one month after the discontinuation of GF administration, but the hepatic protoporphyrin level still was 53.6 times higher than the normal level two months after switching to normal feed. The values of liver function tests had returned to within the normal range after one month. By the fourth day after the administration of GF, a brown pigmented material could be observed around the hepatocytes and the Glisson sheath; the amount of this material increased day by day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Experimental murine protoporphyria induced by griseofulvin (GF): the relationship between hepatic porphyrin levels and liver function test values in mice treated with GF. 822 9

Hippurate-synthesizing ability was investigated in patients with jaundice with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in relation to hepatic metabolic capacity. In 16 patients with PTBD because of obstructive jaundice and 11 patients without hepatic disease, 1.77 grams of sodium benzoate was injected and the amount of hippurate synthesized and excreted in the urine collected at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes was measured (hippurate test). In patients with jaundice and patients in the control group, an almost linear increase was observed in the level of urinary hippurate after benzoate loading. However, the values of the patients with jaundice at one and two hours after the benzoate loading were significantly lower than those of the patients in the control group. Serum levels of glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were significantly decreased during PTBD (p < 0.05). Bilirubin levels were closely correlated with hippurate test values (r = 0.567, p < 0.05). Values were also correlated with the period of PTBD before the hippurate test was performed (r = 0.632, p < 0.05). Recovery in hippurate synthesizing ability was observed when the total bilirubin levels decreased to less than 5 milligrams per deciliter or PTBD was maintained for more than three weeks. Because hippurate synthesis is dependent on adenosine triphosphate supply in the hepatic mitochondria, the value of the hippurate test reflects the metabolic viability of the liver in relation to energy metabolism. It is also suggested that the steady maintenance of PTBD for three weeks or more with a decrease in total bilirubin level less than 5 milligrams per deciliter is necessary for full recovery of the metabolic capacity of the jaundiced liver.
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PMID:An assessment of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in the correction of the metabolic capacity of the jaundiced liver by hippurate-synthesizing test. 832 55

Herbicidal-mixtures have not been adequately studied in biological systems. Therefore, mixtures of three commonly-used herbicides were evaluated. Alachlor (AL), atrazine (AT), picloram (PI), AL+AT, AT+PI, PI+AL and AL+AT+PI, at 10 ppm (in drinking water) of each herbicide, were provided to mice for 30, as well as for 90, days ad libitum; these herbicides and mixtures, at 100 mg/kg (in corn oil) of each herbicide, were also given to additional groups of mice by oral intubation daily for 21 days. In the 30-day test, the spleen/body weight ratios on Day 31 with respect to the control were increased in the AT (53%) and AL+AT (44%) groups. Decreases in the body weights were noted in the treated groups after Day 31 during the 90-day test. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase activities with AL+AT+PI were elevated by 36-92% on Day 91; SGPT (34%) and SGOT (73%) activities were increased with AL. During the 21-day oral intubation study, the mouse body weights in the mixture groups were generally lower than the control (p < or = 0.05). The liver/body weight ratios were elevated in all groups (16-38%); the spleen/body weight ratio increased with PI (50%). The kidney/body weight ratios were high with PI+AL and AL+AT+PI (p < or = 0.05). Excluding AT, the pentobarbital-induced sleep was less (51-77%) in the herbicide-treated groups. Also, necrosis of individual and small groups of hepatocytes was noted with the mixtures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biochemical and toxicological studies on the mixtures of three commonly-used herbicides in mice. 850


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