Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We determined approximately 15,000 laboratory values in 236 individuals between the ages of 60 and 90 y, 22 individuals between 90 and 99 y, and 69 individuals greater than or equal to 100 y, and compared these with values in young adults. We tested 47 different analytes in the 60-90-y group and 93 analytes in the greater than or equal to 90-y group. Na, K, Cl, and CO2 values were either identical or showed minimal change with age; pH decreased slightly. Differences in Ca values were only minor, but ionized Ca increased slightly. Phosphate decreased in men, but changed only minimally in women; parathyroid hormone increased with age. Increases with age were also observed for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. Among the enzymes, alkaline phosphatase increased in women, but in men only greater than 90 y; gamma-glutamyltransferase increased in both sexes. Creatine kinase (CK) decreased slightly in individuals greater than 70 y and markedly in those greater than 90 y of age, whereas CK-MB decreased markedly greater than 70 y, reaching the detection limit in individuals greater than 90 y. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5 decreased slightly with age. Urea nitrogen increased gradually with age, but creatinine increased only in individuals greater than or equal to 90 y. The increase in urea is not paralleled by a loss of protein in urine, suggesting that the possible cause of azotemia may not always be renal pathology. Urate increased in women but not in men. Liver function, as measured by total bilirubin and liver enzymes, was exceedingly well maintained. Concentrations of most proteins show little change, except for slight decreases in prealbumin, albumin, and transferrin, proteins used as an index of nutritional status. IgA values increased, IgG ranges were wider, IgM and IgD decreased, and the range for IgE was narrower than in young adults. Cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride values increased with age, but decreased in individuals greater than or equal to 90 y. Among the trace elements, magnesium changed little, zinc and lead decreased, and copper values increased with age. Total triiodothyronine and thyroxine decreased, with concomitant increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone. More individuals had increased microsomal antibodies and thyroglobulin titers in the aging population than in the young. In men, the free, percent free, bioactive, and total testosterone values decreased, but luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) values increased. In women, estrone and estradiol values decreased, with concomitant increases in LH and FSH. Androstenedione and progesterone decreased in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Laboratory values in fit aging individuals--sexagenarians through centenarians. 159 90

The local immunity of the ocular surface is governed by conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT), secretory IgA and immunocytes. The authors performed a histological investigation of the time-course changes in CALT caused by invasion of antigen to the ocular surface through the instillation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the guinea pig eye. We used PAS staining, peroxidase staining, alkaline phosphatase staining. The lymphoepithelial cells of CALT phagocytized HRP 30-60 min after the instillation, and formed intraepithelial pockets 24 hours after instillation. The follicular area of CALT was strongly positive for alkaline phosphatase 2 weeks after instillation. These changes were considered to be the first step in the manifestation of local immunity on the ocular surface. Each staining technique revealed differences between the lymphoepithelium and conjunctival epithelium, suggesting that lymphoepithelium has characteristics different from those of conjunctival epithelium.
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PMID:[Immunoresponses to the external antigen in conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue]. 162 81

In recent years, carbamazepine has increasingly also been used in psychiatric indications. However, the manifold action of this drug also manifests itself in a number of adverse effects. In a prospective study including 46 patients, who were given carbamazepine for psychiatric indications and most of whom were also treated with one or several other psychotropic drugs, the following laboratory parameters were determined at two-weekly intervals: red and white blood count, platelets, SGOT, SGPT, gamma GT, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, serum sodium, IgA, IgG, IgM. Statistically significant changes were found in erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets (decrease), Gamma GT (increase), serum calcium (decrease), IgA, IgM (decrease). The clinical relevance of these changes is discussed.
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PMID:Monitoring of laboratory parameters during carbamazepine therapy in psychiatric patients. 163 34

Five monoclonal antibodies which recognized three separate epitopes on the free secretory component molecule were produced using free secretory component obtained from human colostrum. Two-site immunoradiometric assays were developed to measure free secretory component and secretory IgA. Monoclonal antibody M9 was used on coated plates as the capture antibody. Monoclonal antibody M7 was used as the labelled signal antibody for the assay of free secretory component and a commercially available monoclonal anti-IgA antibody was used as the labelled signal antibody for the assay of secretory IgA. Free secretory component was found in human serum and bile. In serum, its concentration was raised in patients with high serum alkaline phosphatase due to liver disorders but not in patients with high serum alkaline phosphatase due to non-liver disorders. In bile from bile duct drains collected during the first week after liver transplantation, free secretory component was found in concentrations of up to 33 mg/l, in vast excess of that found in bile from gallstone patients (up to 0.3 mg/l). Bile from gallstone patients but not from liver transplant patients produced proteolytic degradation of free secretory component when incubated in vitro. The finding of large amounts of free secretory component, the free cleaved fragment of the polymeric IgA receptor in human bile, further supports the existence of the blood to bile transhepatocytic pathway in humans.
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PMID:The presence and measurement of secretory component in human bile and blood. 171 Sep 54

A guinea pig model of nasal secretory responses was developed to assess the contributions of vascular permeability and glandular secretion responsible for the production of cholinergically stimulated nasal secretions. The nasal secretory responses to provocation with saline, methacholine, and atropine on the ipsilateral (challenged) side and contralateral (reflex) side were analyzed by measurement of total protein (Lowry method), guinea pig albumin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin after intravenous injection, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in nasal fluid. Alkaline phosphatase was found to be localized to submucosal glands by zymography. Topical methacholine challenge increased the secretion of total protein, alkaline phosphatase activity, and albumin on the ipsilateral challenged side, whereas the percentage of total protein represented by albumin was not increased. This response was totally prevented by atropine pretreatment. Serial provocation with methacholine resulted in progressively reduced amounts of both the total protein and alkaline phosphatase in secretions. The observation that repeated challenges produced progressively smaller responses was also examined employing human nasal provocation. Repeating methacholine (25 mg) challenges four times at 10-min intervals in six human volunteers revealed that the initial challenge produced the largest response as reflected in total protein, albumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and secretory IgA secretion. When the constituents in secretions were analyzed in relationship to the total protein, the two vascular proteins, IgG and albumin, demonstrated the greatest decrements with repeated methacholine challenges. The glandular proteins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and secretory IgA, either remained constant or increased in their relative proportion to total protein. Thus, cholinergic stimulation causes glandular secretion from both the guinea pig and human nasal mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nasal glandular secretory response to cholinergic stimulation in humans and guinea pigs. 177 47

Monoclonal gammopathies can either be benign or more commonly malignant. The commonest disease associated with it is multiple myeloma. Over the seven-year period 1984-1990, two hundred and thirty-four monoclonal gammopathies were seen at the University Hospital, Jamaica. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in one hundred and fifty-six cases (84 males and 72 females). The diagnoses of most of the others were not known as the samples came from other institutions. Of the patients with myeloma, the most common immunoglobulin type was IgG followed by IgA and then pure light chain disease. Only in about half of the cases where urine was analysed was Bence-Jones protein found. The majority of the cases had abnormal total serum protein, albumin and total globulin concentrations. Most of the cases also were in renal failure. Hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase occurred in about one-third of them. These results were not much different from those reported in other countries.
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PMID:Biochemical abnormalities in multiple myeloma. 178 96

We report a method which is capable of demonstrating the isoelectric focusing (IEF) pattern of immunoglobulin D in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples containing as little as 0.1-0.5 ng of total IgD. The method used was an immuno-sandwich technique, with alkaline phosphatase enzyme amplification. Oligoclonal and polyclonal IgD patterns were seen in CSF samples. No cross-reactivity with other immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) was detected.
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PMID:A new qualitative method for detecting IgD in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. 196 Apr 8

Five of 23 patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were diagnosed to have bone marrow metastasis. They all had advanced local-regional disease, and were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and definitive radiotherapy after the initial diagnosis. Bone marrow metastasis developed 4-24 months later. The clinical features were anemia (5 of 5), leukopenia (3 of 5), thrombocytopenia (4 of 5), sepsis (3 of 5), tenderness of the sternum (3 of 5), and fever (4 of 5). Patients frequently had elevation of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), and IgG and IgA antibody titers to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen when bone marrow involvement was diagnosed. However, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests were not specific. It is important that three patients had normal bone scans. All five patients had a rapid downhill course; four patients died within 23 days, and the fifth 3 months after the diagnosis of bone marrow metastasis. We concluded that bone marrow was a common metastatic site in NPC patients. Bone marrow metastasis adversely affected patients' survival and required a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We suggested that bone marrow biopsy should be considered as a routine staging procedure in NPC patients and indicated especially when patients presented with abnormal blood counts, sepsis, bone pain, or tenderness of the sternum. It may be positive in the face of a normal bone scan.
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PMID:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with bone marrow metastasis. 198 43

The prevalence of biochemical and immunological abnormalities was studied in a group of 256 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (104 coloureds, 100 whites and 52 blacks). The most common biochemical abnormalities detected were a reduction in the serum creatinine value (43.4%), raised globulins (39.7%), raised serum alkaline phosphatase level (42.3%), reduction in serum albumin value (8.1%), a mild rise in serum creatinine value (6.6%), and a raised serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) level (6.5%). The prevalence of a rise in the GGT was less frequent than reported in other published studies. The immunological abnormalities noted were a positive rheumatoid factor (78.9%), positive anti-nuclear factor (36%), raised serum IgG (43.3%) and IgA (10.5%) values, positive smooth-muscle antibody (12.5%) and elevated double-stranded anti-DNA antibody levels (2.3%). Inter-group comparisons showed that the serum IgG and IgA and total globulins were significantly higher in blacks and coloureds than whites; these findings may be related to a higher prevalence of malnutrition and infection in childhood in these communities. There were no significant inter-group differences that could be attributed to rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Prevalence of biochemical and immunological abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis. 199 80

The immunoglobulin response of chickens to colonization by Campylobacter jejuni isolates B-540 and Clin-1 was monitored. Chicken humoral IgG and biliary secretory IgA (sIgA) responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were taken from 128 C. jejuni-colonized chickens and 104 uncolonized chickens housed in a controlled environment. An indirect ELISA was performed using the homologous isolate of C. jejuni as the capture antigen and was developed with the specific goat anti-chicken IgG or IgA alkaline phosphatase conjugates. The ELISA absorbance values of the test samples at 405 nm (serum diluted 1:32 and bile diluted 1:10) were normalized in direct proportion to standard sera and bile sample values. In the colonized chickens, humoral IgG activities were highest at hatch, dropped to their lowest level after 2 weeks, and increased by 8 weeks to levels similar to those detected at hatch. The sIgA activity was lowest at hatch and increased by 4 weeks in colonized chickens while remaining lower in the control chickens. Chickens colonized with isolate B-540 showed a primary sIgA response during the first 4 weeks and reached a plateau over the final 4 weeks. In spite of these limited humoral and secretory immunoglobulin responses, once the chicken ceca was colonized by C. jejuni, the organism persisted throughout the 8-week experiment.
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PMID:Influence of Campylobacter jejuni cecal colonization on immunoglobulin response in chickens. 224 85


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